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(1) 至于是同性同胞还是异性同胞,取决于具体的理论。
(2) 在作者检索到的文献中,Falbo和Poston(1993)及Tsui和Rich(2002)的研究是少数同时考虑学生成绩和心理发展的研究。前者比较了中国四个省份8~17岁独生和非独生子女在成绩、人格、身体素质三方面的差异。后者研究了武汉市1040名初中学生的数学成绩、自我教育期望及父母教育期望。但是,二者只比较了独生子女家庭的男生和女生的差异,并没有对独生子女家庭和非独生子女家庭进行对比。
(3) 在考察不同的儿童教育发展指标的模型中,最终进入回归方程的样本数取决于具体的被解释变量、控制变量的缺失值情况。
(4) 课题组为了解抽样学生的数学、语文能力,专门设计了一套面向所有抽样学校的数学、语文标准化测试题。因此,各个学校的学生成绩之间具有较好的可比性。标准化测试成绩满分为100分。
(5) 由父母职业、父母受教育程度、家庭经济状况三类指标合成。
(6) 但是,大量研究表明,从总体平均意义上来看,如果没有该政策,中国不可能在短时间内达到很高的独生子女家庭率(Lee, 2012)。