第三节 补充选项

一、考点介绍

补充选项也是雅思听力中的一个重要考点，这种题型主要在填空题中出现。

补充选项是指和答案相似的内容已经在空格前或空格后给出，考生还需要根据录音补充一个与已经给出的内容属于同一类别的内容。补充选项是一个比较容易判断的陷阱，有一些标志词可以帮助大家迅速做出判断。它们是：and、another、other、the same…as…、also、too、like、similar。一旦出现这些标志词，考生们就要注意录音中这些标志词附近的信息点，判断其能否作为补充选项填入空格处。

二、真题示例

Example 1（Cambridge IELTS 11 Test 2 Section 1 Question 5）

【真题回顾】

【听力原文】

CAROLINE: What are you studying?

ROGER: My ambition is to go into parliament eventually, so my major subject is politics. That's partly why I think the Youth Council is important and want to be a part of it.

CAROLINE: And I suppose you're also taking a minor subject, aren't you? I know a lot of people study economics too.

ROGER: I chose history. To be honest, I'm not finding it as interesting as I expected!

【考点点拨】

Enquiry about joining Youth Council

Example

Name: Roger Brown

Studying 5……………………(major subject) and history (minor subject)

答案：politics

预测：画出题目中的关键词major subject、and、history。根据题目中的…………and history，预知要填和history并列的表示科目名称的词。

定位：根据关键词定位到录音中的这段对话：

CAROLINE: What are you studying?

ROGER: My ambition is to go into parliament eventually, so my major subject is politics. That's partly why I think the Youth Council is important and want to be a part of it.

CAROLINE: And I suppose you're also taking a minor subject, aren't you? I know a lot of people study economics too.

ROGER: I chose history.

考点：补充选项。题目中的关键词major subject在定位句中重现，后面的politics就是答案。

注意：history是题目已经给出的内容，该关键词在定位句中重现，politics与它属于同一类别的内容，题目中的and是“补充选项”的明显标志。

Example 2（Cambridge IELTS 11 Test 2 Section 4 Question 31）

【真题回顾】

【听力原文】

So, as with a domestic building, when designing a public building, an architect needs to consider the function of the building—for example, is it to be used primarily for entertainment or for education, or for administration? The second thing the architect needs to think about is the context of the building, this includes its physical location obviously, but it also includes the social meaning of the building, how it relates to the people it's built for. And finally, for important public buildings, the architect may also be looking for a central symbolic idea on which to base the design, a sort of metaphor for the building and the way in which it is used.

【考点点拨】

DESIGNING A PUBLIC BUILDING:

THE TAYLOR CONCERT HALL

Introduction

The designer of a public building may need to consider the building's

· function

· physical and 31…………………… context

· symbolic meaning

答案：social

预测：画出题目中的关键词physical、and、context。根据题目中的physical and …………，预知要填和physical并列的形容词。

定位：根据关键词定位到录音中的这句话：…this includes its physical location obviously, but it also includes the social meaning of the building, how it relates to the people it's built for.

考点：补充选项。physical是题目已经给出的内容，还需要根据录音补充一个与它类似的内容。定位句中的location、meaning of the building和空格后的context是同义替换，定位句中的also和题目中的and是同义替换，答案就是social。题目中的and和定位句中的also是“补充选项”的明显标志。

Example 3（Cambridge IELTS 11 Test 3 Section 4 Question 31）

【真题回顾】

【听力原文】

So what I'm going to talk about to you today is something called Ethnography. This is a type of research aimed at exploring the way human cultures work. It was first developed for use in anthropology, and it's also been used in sociology and communication studies. So what's it got to do with business, you may ask. Well, businesses are finding that ethnography can offer them deeper insight into the possible needs of customers, either present or future, as well as providing valuable information about their attitudes towards existing products. And ethnography can also help companies to design new products or services that customers really want.

【考点点拨】

ETHNOGRAPHY IN BUSINESS

Ethnography: research which explores human cultures

It can be used in business：

· to investigate customer needs and 31…………………

· to help companies develop new designs

答案：attitude/attitudes

预测：画出题目中的关键词customer、needs、and。根据题目中的needs and…………，预知要填和needs并列的名词。

定位：根据关键词定位到录音中的这句话：…ethnography can offer them deeper insight into the possible needs of customers, either present or future, as well as providing valuable information about their attitudes towards existing products.

考点：补充选项。needs是题目已经给出的内容，还需要根据录音补充一个与它类似的内容。定位句中的needs of customers、as well as分别和题目中的customer needs、and是同义替换，定位句中的their也和题目中的customer是同义替换，答案就是attitudes，也可以写attitude。题目中的and和定位句中的as well as是“补充选项”的明显标志。

Example 4（Cambridge IELTS 11 Test 3 Section 4 Question 37）

【真题回顾】

【听力原文】

So what makes studies like these different from ordinary research? Let's look at some of the general principles behind ethnographic research in business. First of all, the researcher has to be completely open-minded—he or she hasn't thought up a hypothesis to be tested. as is the case in other types of research. Instead they wait for the participants in the research to inform them. As far as choosing the participants themselves is concerned, that's not really all that different from ordinary research—the criteria according to which the participants are chosen may be something as simple as the age bracket they fall into, or the researchers may select them according to their income, or they might try to find a set of people who all use a particular product, for example.

【考点点拨】

ETHNOGRAPHY IN BUSINESS

Principles of ethnographic research in business

· The researcher does not start off with a hypothesis.

· Participants may be selected by criteria such as age, 37……………………or product used.

答案：income

预测：画出题目中的关键词by、criteria、age、or、product。根据题目中的age, …………or product，预知要填和age、product并列的名词。

定位：根据关键词定位到录音中的这句话：...the criteria according to which the partic-ipants are chosen may be something as simple as the age bracket they fall into, or the researchers may select them according to their income, or they might try to find a set of people who all use a particular product, for example.

考点：补充选项。age、product是题目已经给出的内容，还需要根据录音补充一个与它们类似的内容。题目中的关键词criteria、age、or、product在定位句中重现，定位句中的according to和题目中的by是同义替换，题目要求只填1个词，答案就是income。题目和定位句中的or是“补充选项”的明显标志。

Example 5（Cambridge IELTS 11 Test 4 Section 4 Question 35）

【真题回顾】

【听力原文】

Some growers have already started using an approach known as regenerative agriculture. This aims to boost the fertility of soil and keep it moist through established practices. These include keeping fields planted all year round, and increasing the variety of plants being grown. Strategies like these can significantly increase the amount of carbon stored in the soil, so agricultural researchers are now building a case for their use in combating climate change.

【考点点拨】

The use of soil to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere

Regenerative agriculture:

·uses established practices to make sure soil remains fertile and 35……………

答案：moist/damp/wet

预测：画出题目中的关键make sure、soil、remains、fertile、and。根据题目中的fertile and…………，预知要填和fertile并列的形容词，作半系动词remains的表语。

定位：根据关键词定位到录音中的这句话：This aims to boost the fertility of soil and keep it moist through established practices.

考点：补充选项。fertile是题目已经给出的内容，还需要根据录音补充一个与它类似的内容。定位句中的boost the fertility of soil和题目中的make sure soil remains fertile是同义替换，定位句中的keep和题目中的remains是同义替换，答案就是moist。也可以写它的同义词damp或wet。题目和定位句中的and是“补充选项”的明显标志。