第四节 出尔反尔
一、考点介绍
“出尔反尔”也是雅思听力中的一个常见考点。这种陷阱主要在个人信息表填空题中出现。即个人信息表填空题有时会要求考生填写一些数字或号码，而录音材料中，会话一方在回答另一方的提问时会先说一个日期、电话（传真）号码、卡号等，然后又马上用Oh、no、sorry等词加以否定，表示刚刚说错了，接着再说一个新的日期或号码，这样的题目陷阱叫做“出尔反尔”。举个例子来说，题目要求填写房间号码，录音中说：“Room B569—no sorry B659. I always get that wrong.”（摘自Cambridge IELTS 7 142页）。在这段录音材料中，我们可以明显看到“出尔反尔”，即先说的房间号码随即被否定，然后再说一个号码。遇到这样的陷阱，考生要重点关注停顿、否定以及转折等词句，往往在这样的情况下会“出尔反尔”。即but、Oh、no、sorry以及not等词句是“出尔反尔”的明显标志，往往它们后面所说的内容才是真正的答案所在。
“出尔反尔”也是雅思听力中的一个常见考点，Cambridge IELTS 7中有很多的题目中都涉及了这个陷阱。下面就结合Cambridge IELTS 7中的题目来讲解这一考点。
二、真题示例
Example 1（Cambridge IELTS 7 Test 3 Section 1 Question 5）
【真题回顾】
Question 5
Complete the table below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.
【听力原文】
AGENT: Mmm…Well—there was a position going in the Computer Lab. for three days a week that might be OK. Ah, here it is! No, it's in the Library, not the Lab., Clerical Assistant required—I think it mostly involves putting the books back on the shelves. Oh no—hang on. It's for Wednesday and Friday evenings again.
STUDENT: No—I can't manage that because of the lectures.
AGENT: OK, I'm getting the idea. Look, I'll just get a few details from you anyway, and then we can check through the list and see what comes up.
【考点点拨】
答案：Library
预测：画出题目中的关键词in the、Clerical Assistant。根据题目中的in the …………，预知要填表示地点的词。
定位：根据关键词定位到录音中的这段话：Mmm…Well—there was a position going in the Computer Lab. for three days a week that might be OK. Ah, here it is! No, it's in the Library, not the Lab., Clerical Assistant required—I think it mostly involves putting the books back on the shelves.
考点：出尔反尔。题目问的是地点，录音中先说了in the Computer Lab.，然后马上加以否定并又说了另一个地点，即No, it's in the Library．所以，先说的地点Computer Lab．就是一个很强的干扰信息，定位句中的no是“出尔反尔”的明显标志。题目中的关键词Clerical Assistant在定位句中重现，该职位所在的工作地点是in the Library，由于空格前已经给出了in the，答案就是Library。
Example 2（Cambridge IELTS 7 Test 3 Section 1 Question 7）
【真题回顾】
Question 7
Complete the form below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
【听力原文】
AGENT: And your address, Anita?
STUDENT: I'm in one of the Halls if Residence for post-graduate students, you know, International House.
AGENT: OK—that's easy. What's your room number there?
STUDENT: Room B569—no sorry B659. I always get that wrong. I haven't been living there very long.
【考点点拨】
答案：B659
预测：画出题目中的关键词Room No.。根据题目中的Room No. …………，预知要填房间号，它往往是字母和数字的组合，并且字母要大写。
定位：根据关键词定位到录音中的这段对话：
AGENT: OK—that's easy. What's your room number there?
STUDENT: Room B569—no sorry B659. I always get that wrong.
考点：出尔反尔。题目问的是房间号，录音中先说了B569，然后马上加以否定并又说了另一个号码，即no sorry B659，所以，先说的号码B569就是一个很强的干扰信息。no sorry是“出尔反尔”的明显标志，它后面的B659就是答案。
Example 3（Cambridge IELTS 7 Test 4 Section 1 Question 5）
【真题回顾】
Question 5
Complete the form below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
HOMESTAY APPICATION
Family preferences: no 5 ………………
【听力原文】
OFFICER: Okay…Do you have any preference for a family with children or without children?
STUDENT: I prefer…I mean I like young children, but I'd like to be with older people…you know…adults…someone around my age.
【考点点拨】
HOMESTAY APPICATION
Family preferences: no 5 ………………
答案：（young）children
预测：画出题目中的关键词preferences、no。根据题目中的no ……………，预知要填名词或名词词组。
定位：根据关键词定位到录音中的这句话：I prefer…I mean I like young children, but I'd like to be with older people…you know…adults…someone around my age.
考点：出尔反尔。题目问的是不希望家里有什么。录音中说“I like young children, but I'd like to be with older people…我喜欢小孩儿，但是我喜欢和成年人在一起。”言外之意就是“不想家里有小孩”，答案就是（young）children。这也是一个“出尔反尔”陷阱，but是“出尔反尔”的明显标志。but表示转折，同时也表示对前面所说内容的委婉否定。
Example 4（Cambridge IELTS 7 Test 4 Section 1 Question 8）
【真题回顾】
Question 8
Answer the question below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.
8 What sport does the student play? …………………
【听力原文】
OFFICER: And what are your hobbies?
STUDENT: I like reading and going to the movies.
OFFICER: Do you play any sports?
STUDENT: Yes, I joined the handball team, but I didn't like that…so I stopped playing. Now I play tennis on the weekend with my friends…
【考点点拨】
8 What sport does the student play? …………………
答案：tennis
预测：画出题目中的关键词What sport、play。根据题目中的what sport，预知要填写的是运动项目。
定位：根据关键词定位到录音中的这段话：Yes, I joined the handball team, but I didn't like that…so I stopped playing. Now I play tennis on the weekend with my friends…
考点：出尔反尔。题目问的是学生喜欢的运动项目是什么。录音中首先说joined the football team，然后又用but I didn't like that表示转折和否定。最后说Now I play tennis…，所以tennis才是真正喜欢玩儿的项目。答案就是tennis。but I didn't like that是“出尔反尔”的明显标志。
Example 5（Cambridge IELTS 7 Test 4 Section 3 Question 29）
【真题回顾】
Question 29
Complete the table below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.
【听力原文】
JULIE: We also need statistics…on several different things.
TREVOR: Literacy rates.
JULIE: Yes, and school places.
TREVOR: How about the encyclopaedia?
JULIE: Nah…not up-to-date enough!
TREVOR: Mmm…why don't we call the embassy?
JULIE: Oh…someone's enthusiastic!
TREVOR: Well…if something's worth doing…
JULIE: I know…it's worth doing well…OK.
【考点点拨】
答案：embassy
预测：画出题目中的关键词Literacy figures、Where from。根据题目中的Where from，预知要填写的是地点。
定位：根据关键词定位到录音中的这段对话：
TREVOR: Literacy rates.
JULIE: Yes, and school places.
TREVOR: How about the encyclopaedia?
JULIE: Nah…not up-to-date enough!
TREVOR: Mmm…why don't we call the embassy?
JULIE: Oh…someone's enthusiastic!
TREVOR: Well…if something's worth doing…
JULIE: I know…it's worth doing well…OK.
考点：出尔反尔。题目问的是受教育情况的数字从哪里来。定位句中的literacy rates指的就是题目中的literacy figures，后面首先听到男生说encyclopaedia（百科全书），但女生说Nah…not up-to-date．后面又听到男生说why don't…embassy？这次女生的回答是OK，所以答案就是embassy（大使馆）。定位句中的Nah和not是“出尔反尔”的明显标志。nah [naː][美俚] = no。