TPO 6

6-1

介绍你曾经见过且印象深刻的一张照片或者一幅绘画，并说明你是否喜欢它及其理由。

response

One painting I have seen that I found memorable was a painting called “Nighthawks.” This painting shows people sitting around at a diner on a late night sometime in the 1930s. I found the painting memorable because it reminded me of many things we learned about in history class, such as the Great Depression, Prohibition in the 1920s, and gangsters like Al Capone. I find that period of history very interesting, and the painting seems to contain many elements of that period in one place.

6-2

有些人一生只从事一份工作，而有些人在不同的人生阶段会从事不同的工作。你认为哪种生活方式比较好？请解释原因。

response

I believe that having one career for most of one’s life is better than having different kinds of work at different points in life. Changing careers bring a lot of uncertainty along with it. Between the time gaps of the two different jobs, will you have income? Will you be able to support your family? I believe that keeping one type of career is more stable and will always provide money to buy food and necessities for your family. Keeping one type of job is safer, and this is better for supporting a family.

6-3

阅读材料：应缩短历史研讨会的时长
目前，历史系所有研讨会的时长都是3个小时。基于两点原因，我建议历史研讨会应该缩短至2个小时。首先，大部分学生无法坚持在3个小时内持续集中注意力。我亲自参加这些3小时研讨会时，发现长时会议很容易让人感到疲劳而且有时候很无聊。其次，一个研讨会持续太久，人们便会因无法集中注意力而不再继续获取知识，所以一个3小时研讨会中的第3个小时实际上是在浪费每一个与会者的时间，而2小时研讨会的效率应该会高很多。

题目：对话中的女生阐述了她对于朋友Tim给报社写信的内容的看法。请陈述她对Tim的提议的看法以及她所给出的理由。

response

Tim is proposing to the school newspaper that the three-hour history seminar the university offers should be shortened to only two hours; however, this woman disagrees strongly. The woman gives a few reasons for her opposition to his opinion. For one, she knows that Tim goes out and parties a lot almost every day of the week, and so he sleeps during class. He wants the class to be shorter because he only gets tired during class. Also, she says that a lot of the best conversation in the seminar occurs in the last hour. During that time all of the students exchange their ideas, and if the seminar is shortened, they will lose the most worthwhile part.

6-4

阅读材料：外显记忆与内隐记忆
在日常生活中，当人们谈及记忆的时候，大多指的是心理学家所谓的外显记忆。外显记忆是一种有意识的或者有意的回忆，通常是一些事实、姓名、事件或者其他可以被人们陈述或说明的事物。还有另外一种无意识的记忆，称为内隐记忆。人们常常会有这种经历，他/她无法主动回忆起相关的细节，却依然可以做出一些相关的反应，这表示这个经历已经以某种方式在他的脑海中留下烙印了。

题目：用汽车广告的例子来解释内隐记忆的含义。

response

While the things we know as memories are things we remember, these are only explicit memories. In fact, we also have implicit memories, or memories that we cannot remember automatically but exist nonetheless, and our brains show evidence that we have experienced or seen them. In the example, the professor describes a highway billboard that has a picture of a car with the word “panther” above it. If you ask someone whether he or she saw the billboard, he or she might not clearly remember it and say no. However, if you ask the same person to name an animal that begins with a “p”, he or she would almost certainly say “panther”. While he or she doesn’t remember the billboard explicitly, the word “panther” sticks in the person’s mind implicitly.

6-5

在对话中，教授针对这个女生所描述的问题给出了两点建议。简要总结她遇到的问题，并陈述你支持哪个建议及其原因。

response

The woman seeks the professor’s help because her study group for the professor’s class isn’t getting much studying done, and the students in the group are receiving bad grades because they do more joking than studying. The professor recommends that the woman either reschedule the day the study group meets or leads the group. I would recommend that she become the leader of the group. Changing the day of their meeting would force some students not to attend because they have other activities. Instead, the woman should take on a little extra work and become the leader so that the meetings are better organized. This way, she will get more studying done and also earn respect as a leader.

6-6

用叙述中的观点和事例来解释主动注意与被动注意的区别。

response

There are two types of attention: active attention and passive attention. Active attention requires effort; it is when people force themselves to pay attention and so oftentimes doesn’t last a long time. Passive attention occurs when we involuntarily pay attention, which happens when we find something very interesting. The professor describes an example of each. If a biology professor gives an experiment-free lecture on frogs, the students will have to use active attention to listen to the lecture, since it will be boring. But such effort will not last long. However, if the professor shows the students a live frog, they will be naturally interested, and will pay attention all the time without any conscious effort.