Abstract

Social form is the basic category of Marx’s historical materialism which is used to study human society. Based on the new materialism standpoint of “human society” or “social human”， and in the process of creation and improvement of historical materialism， Marx formed social form theory which characterized of development process， development stage and development mode of human society， and formed his view of world history. Marx’s social form theory not only scientifically reveals the law of human social development and demonstrates his communism ideals of human liberating thoroughly， but also perfects and confirms historical materialism.

Marx’s social form theory is an “artistic whole” which organically composed by social form structure theory， social form development theory and Marx’s theory“ to criticize the old world and set up a new society”. Among them， the social form structure theory reveals that the human society is an organism which is composed of multiple factors of subject and object. The contradiction between these structural elements performs active rules in the synchronic and development rules in diachronic. Occurring in turn， multidimensional symbiosis， levels of decisive and dialectical movement are expressing forms of social structure movement mechanism forms. Dynamic role of subject， productivity， relations of production （economic base） and superstructure （political and social consciousness）’s interactive operation make the historical evolution of human society shows a multidimensional schema. In his multidimensional interpretation for human’s development form， economic society form （ownership）， productivity social form（technology） and political social form （state）， Marx illustrated in his social form theory， although there is not a unified and fixed history staging method， not to mention the unified model for the development of human society that traditional philosophy framework emphasized. But scientific cognition and subject value are the two main perspectives for Marx study human history， “five forms” and “three forms” are always two parallel interweaved line that penetrate Marx’s study on the development of human society. Marx’s “Asiatic mode of production” theory and his “leaping” ideas in old age， from different social development ways between the East and the West more reveals that human history development is an organic unity between nature evolution and leaping development. In the pursuit of “ to criticize the old world and set up a new society ”， Marx principally constructs two forms of socialism， that is the ideal form socialism and transitional period of socialism， thus constructs bridge between scientific socialism and realistic socialism.

Chinese characteristic socialism takes Marx’s social form theory as the basis. The inheritance， development and innovation of realistic socialism for Marx’s social form theory is mainly around such history subject as“what is socialism， how to realize socialism， how to build socialism， how to develop socialism”. Social form thought of Lenin made the October Revolution， the New Economic Policy， his new understanding for socialism and his thought for the Oriental backward countries non capitalist road all with history dialectics which guide socialist oriental practice. The theory of new democratic society is a bridge for China to arrive socialism， also is “Something new” in Marxism literature. Although the defect of the new democratic society ending in early left multiple revelations to the development of contemporary China， but the revolutionary changes in the period of new democracy， especially the completion of socialist transformation and the establishing of the basic system of socialism， laid political prerequisite and basic infrastructure for development and progress in contemporary China.

Developing regularity understanding on Chinese characteristic socialist， anatomizing and understanding social transformation in contemporary China and socialist reconstruction， need to reveal kinship in depth between Marx’s social form theory and Chinese characteristic socialist. The development law， activity law， and Marx’s principle imagine to the socialist that the social form theory revealed are powerful weapons to help people recognize Chinese situation， grasp the law of Chinese society development， understand the necessity of the socialist market economy， to make clear the importance of building a harmonious society and comprehensively promote scientific development of Chinese socialist. Chinese socialism’s inheritance and innovation to social form theory not only performed proposing primary stage of socialism theory， the essence theory of socialism， the socialist market economic theory， socialist harmonious society theory and people-oriented scientific outlook on development but also performed paving the way for Chinese characteristic socialism and establishing Chinese characteristic socialist system etc… The socialist construction of Chinese characteristics is a long historical period， the basic national conditions of the primary stage of socialism and the “general basis” decided Chinese characteristic socialist’s historical position and mission. Chinese characteristic socialism is a growing social form， is an unceasingly mature social form which makes use of capitalism， its historical mission is through reform， development and innovation to create a development model and system mode which is superior to the capitalist， then eventually lead the world towards socialism.

Keywords： Marx； social form theory； Chinese characteristic socialism； Chinese road； inheritance and innovation