1.2 System Unit and Peripherals(主机及外围设备)
The hardware part of a computer system consists of the physical components and all associated equipment. They are input devices, the system unit, secondary storage,output devices, and communications devices.
Input devices are equipment that translates data and programs that humans can understand into a form that the computer can process. The most common input devices are the keyboard, scanner, input pen,touch screen and mouse. The keyboard on a computer looks like a typewriter keyboard, but it has additional specialized keys. A mouse is a device that typically rolls on the desktop. It directs the insertion point, or cursor, on the display screen. A mouse has one or more buttons for selection commands. It is also used to draw figures.
计算机系统的硬件是由物理部件和其他相关设备组成的,包括输入设备、系统单元、辅助存储器、输出设备和通信设备。
输入设备的功能是将人所能识别的数据和程序翻译成计算机能够处理的形式。最常用的计算机输入设备包括键盘、扫描仪、输入笔、触摸屏和鼠标。计算机上的键盘就像打字机上的键盘一样,只不过另外有一些专用键位。鼠标是在桌面上移动的一种装置,用以在显示屏上控制插入点或移动光标。鼠标有一个或多个按键,用于选择命令。鼠标还可以用来绘制图形。
Key words:hardware(硬件),computer system(计算机系统),input device(输入设备),system unit(系统单元),secondary storage(辅助存储器),output device(输出设备),communications device(通信设备),data(数据),program(程序),keyboard(键盘),scanner(扫描仪),input pen(输入笔),touch screen(触摸屏),mouse(鼠标),cursor(光标)
1.2.1 Monitor/Display(显示器)
A display is a computer output surface that shows text and often graphic images to the computer user, using a cathode ray tube (CRT), liquid crystal display (LCD) or other image projection technology.A display can be distinguished according to: color capability, sharpness and viewability, screen size, and the projection technology.
显示器是一种计算机输出界面,用以将文本和图像呈现给计算机用户。显示器所使用的图像显像技术包括阴极射线管(CRT)技术、液晶显示(LCD)技术等。显示器主要有以下几项技术指标:色彩指标、清晰度、可视性、屏幕尺寸以及显像技术。
Key words:monitor(显示器),display(显示器),surface(界面),image(图像),CRT(阴极射线管),LCD(液晶显示器),color(色彩),sharpness(清晰度),projection technology(显像技术)
Monitor (LCD)
Monitor (CRT)
常见的显示器品牌:三星(SAMSUNG)、AOC、戴尔(DELL)、飞利浦(Philips)、LG、HKC、惠普(HP)、宏碁(Acer)、优派(ViewSonic)、明基(BenQ)、华硕(ASUS)、三菱、长城(Great Wall)、Eizo、NEC、苹果(Apple)等。
1.2.2 Input Device: Keyboard and Mouse(输入设备:键盘和鼠标)
The Keyboard
On most computers, the keyboard is the primary text input device. (The mouse is also a primary input device but its ability to easily transmit textual information is limited. )
The 101-key keyboard has four key groups: first,the function key row at the top of the keyboard; second,the main (typewriter) keypad; third, the cursor-edit keypad with arrows indicating up, down, right, and left directions for moving the cursor; and fourthly, the numeric (calculator style) keypad, which has two operating modes (when the Num Lock indicator light is on, the keypad is in the numeric mode; to switch the keypad to the editing mode, press the Num Lock key to turn off the Num Lock indicator ) .
在大多数计算机上,键盘是主要的文本输入设备。(鼠标也是主要的输入设备,但在录入文本信息方面却能力有限。)
101键位的键盘有4个键区:第一,键盘上部的功能键区;第二,主键区(打字键区);第三,光标/编辑键区,包括上、下、左、右四个箭头键,用于移动光标;第四,数字键区(计算器式的),具有两种工作模式(当Num Lock指示灯亮时,该键区处于数字输入状态;要转换到编辑状态,只需按Num Lock键,关闭Num Lock指示灯即可)。
Mouse
Key words:function key(功能键),keypad(小键盘),cursor-edit keypad(光标-编辑键盘),numeric keypad(数字键盘),Num Lock key(数字锁定键)
1.2.3 System Unit(主机)
The system unit is the electronic circuitry housed within the computer cabinet. The two main parts of the system unit are:
1. The central processing unit (CPU), which controls and manipulates data to produce information.
2. Memory, also known as primary storage,which holds data and program instructions for processing the data.
系统部件是安装在计算机机箱中的电子线路的总称。系统部件的主要的两部分是:
1.中央处理器(CPU),控制和处理数据以输出信息。
2.内部存储器,也就是主存,保存数据及处理数据的程序指令。
System Unit
Notes
1. System Unit:系统部件,包括机箱(chassis)内的主板(mainboard)、中央处理器(CPU)、内存(memory)、总线(bus)及各类端口(port)。
2. Memory:这一术语单独使用时多指内存。内存的其他英文术语还有:primary storage/memory,internal memory,main memory。
Key words: information(信息),memory(内存),primary storage(主存),instruction(指令)
1.2.4 Printer(打印机)
A printer is a device that accepts text and graphic output from a computer and transfers the information onto paper,usually to standard-sized sheets of paper.
Personal computer printers can be classified as impact and non-impact printers. The dot-matrix printer has been a popular low-cost personal computer printer. It’s an impact printer that strikes the paper a line at a time. The best-known non-impact printers are the inkjet printer,of which several makes of low-cost color printers are examples, and the laser printer.
打印机是一种从主机接收文本或图形信息,并将其传送到打印纸上的设备,通常使用标准纸张。
个人计算机配套的打印机可分成击打式和非击打式两种。点阵式打印机价格较低,一直是个人计算机上流行的打印机。点阵式打印机属击打式的,每次在纸上打印一行。最常见的非击打式打印机当属喷墨打印机(比如市场上那几款低价位的彩色喷墨打印机)和激光打印机。
常见的打印机品牌:佳能(Canon)、惠普(HP)、爱普生(Epson)、富士施乐(Fujixerox)、三星(SAMSUNG)、兄弟(Brother)、联想(Lenovo)、OKI等。
Key words:printer(打印机),standard-sized sheets(标准页),impact printer(击打式打印机),non-impact printer(非击打式打印机),dot-matrix printer(点阵打印机),inkjet printer(喷墨打印机),color printer(彩色打印机),laser printer(激光打印机)
Laser Printer
Inkjet Printer
Dot-matrix Printer