1.4 创新与不足
1.4.1 创新之处
本书的创新之处表现在以下两个方面:
一是研究视角创新。本书从全球价值链视角分析了我国增值税税率结构对我国制造业价值链“升级”的影响,指出了增值税税率结构优化有益于激励我国制造业研发创新持续投入,进而促进全球价值链“升级”,对冲“人口红利”消失的不利影响,最终实现从“世界工厂”到“中国智造”的转型。
二是观点创新。通过本书的研究,本书得出以下两个具有创新意义的研究结论:第一,增值税加计抵减政策加剧了增值税的扭曲,抑制了增值税税收中性优势的发挥,因此,增值税税率结构优化的重要内容之一就是以降低税率的方式,替代加计抵减政策,恢复增值税的税收中性。第二,征收率是我国增值税税率结构的特殊存在。征收率客观加剧了增值税对小微企业投资行为的扭曲,在减税降费的背景下,增值税税率结构优化可以考虑逐步实现增值税简易计税办法的退出,废除增值税征收率,实现优化税率结构、简化税制的目的。本书认为,基于我国的国情,简易征收制度的废止应当通过统一征收率、改革起征点为免征额、统一增值税纳税人标准等“三步走”策略,逐渐退出增值税征收管理,以保留增值税减税的空间与弹性。
1.4.2 不足之处
由于缺乏足够的数据,本书没有对增值税税率结构优化与全国财政赤字、全国债务水平和债务风险的相关性进行研究,进而造成财政与金融之间的关系、联动效应分析不足,当然这些内容也是本书下一步需要进一步拓展的研究内容之一。
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(46) 实际征收率=税务机关实际征收到的税款÷税务机关法定征收到的税款。由于税制的复杂程度、征管能力和征管努力等多重因素,税收实际征收率难以达到100%。一般而言,税制的复杂程度与征管能力、征管努力、实际征收率呈现负相关关系。