CHAPTER 1 居家
1 住宅
四级 live
[lɪv] v 住,居住
eg. He had lived in New York for a long time before he came to China.
来中国前他在纽约住了很长一段时间。
相关词 liveable [ˈlɪvəbl] adj (房屋等)适于居住的;
homestead [ˈhəʊmsted] n 家宅,农庄
六级 inhabit
[ɪnˈhæbɪt] v 居住在,栖居于
eg. There are so many aquatic animals inhabiting the ponds.
有很多水生动植物栖居在池塘里。
相关词 habitable [ˈhæbɪtəbl] adj 适合居住的;
inhabitant [ɪnˈhæbɪtənt] n 居民;
habitation [ˌhæbɪˈteɪʃn] n 住处,住所
四级 reside
[rɪˈzaɪd] v 居住在,定居于
eg. The Smiths decided to reside in Jinan which is the capital of Shandong province.
史密斯夫妇决定在山东省会济南定居。
相关词 residence [ˈrezɪdəns] n 住房,豪宅;
residency [ˈrezɪdənsɪ] n 居住权;
resident [ˈrezɪdənt] n 居民,住户;
residential [ˌrezɪˈdenʃl] adj 适合居住的,住宅的
四级 house
[haʊs] n 房屋,住宅
eg. Little John often dreams of having a big beautiful house, in which he can live together with his family.
小约翰总是梦想有一套又大又漂亮的房子,他可以和家人一起住在里面。
相关词 household [ˈhaʊshəʊld] n 一家人,家庭;
householder [ˈhaʊshəʊldə(r)] n 房主,住户;
housewife [ˈhaʊswaɪf] n 主妇,家庭妇女;
housing [ˈhaʊzɪŋ] n (统称)住房,住宅;
housework [ˈhaʊswɜ:k] n 家务事
GRE home
[həʊm] n 家,住所
eg. You wait for me in my home, and I will be back soon after work.
你在我家等我,我一下班就会回来。
相关词 homebody [ˈhəʊmbɒdɪ] n 不爱出门的人,太恋家的人;
homebuyer [ˈhəʊmbaɪə(r)] n 购房者;
homeowner [ˈhəʊməʊnə(r)] n 房主;
homeless [ˈhəʊmləs] adj 无家的
四级 dwelling
[ˈdwelɪŋ] n 住宅,住所,公寓
eg. In this area, there is an apple tree behind each dwelling.
在这个地区,每所住宅后面都有一棵苹果树。
相关词 dwell [dwel] v 居住,栖身;
dweller [ˈdwelə(r)] n 居民,居住者;
domiciliary [ˌdɒmɪˈsɪljərɪ] adj 在住所的,在家中的
同义词 domicile [ˈdɒmɪsaɪl] n 住处,住所
四级 building
[ˈbɪldɪŋ] n 建筑物,房子,楼房
eg. A tall building has been set up in the center of the city recently.
最近市中心建起了一栋高楼。
相关词 block [blɒk] n 大楼,一栋楼房;
multi-story [mʌlˈtɪstˈɔ:rɪ] adj 多层的;
high-rise [ˈhaɪˈraɪz] adj 高层的;
skyscraper [ˈskaɪskreɪpə(r)] n 摩天大楼;
villa [ˈvɪlə] n 度假别墅
四级 apartment
[əˈpɑ:tmənt] n 公寓套房
eg. Jane has got a satisfying job in a company, but she dislikes the apartment it offers.
简在一家公司找到了满意的工作,但她不喜欢公司提供的公寓。
相关词 apartment block公寓大楼;
apartment house(小的)公寓楼
同义词 condominium [ˌkɒndəˈmɪnɪəm] n 公寓
四级 flat
[flæt] n 公寓,单元房
eg. He bought a flat in the town with the money he had saved for ten years.
他用10年攒下来的钱在镇上买了一套房子。
相关词 flatlet [ˈflætlət] n 公寓小套房;
flatmate [ˈflætmeɪt] n 同公寓房客;
tenancy [ˈtenənsɪ] n 租期
托福 estate
[ɪˈsteɪt] n 庄园
eg. Mr. Black has a big estate, where many poor men are hired and worked for him.
布莱克先生拥有一个大庄园,在那里他雇佣了很多穷人为他干活。
相关词 estate agent房地产经纪人;
manorial [məˈnɔ:rɪəl] adj (旧时)庄园的
同义词 mansion [ˈmænʃn] n 公馆,宅第;
manor [ˈmænə(r)] n 庄园宅第
四级 cottage
[ˈkɒtɪdʒ] n 茅屋
eg. This was the first time I came to the country, and those simple cottages attracted me.
这是我第一次来到乡村,那些简朴的农舍吸引了我。
相关词 cottager [ˈkɒtɪdʒə(r)] n 住农舍者,村民;
cottage industry家庭手工业
同义词 bothy [ˈbɒθɪ] n 茅屋,屋棚;
farmhouse [ˈfɑ:mhaʊs] n 农场住宅,农舍
GRE tenement
[ˈtenəmənt] n 廉租公寓
eg. His wallet was stolen as soon as he arrived at this seaside city, so he had to rent a tenement with the little money left in his pocket.
一到这座海滨城市,他的钱包就被偷了,所以他不得不用口袋里
仅剩的一点钱去租住廉价的公寓。
相关词 lessee [leˈsi:] n 承租人,租户
rooming house(带家具的)出租公寓住房;
lodging house有出租房间的公寓
托福 lodger
[ˈlɒdʒə(r)] n 租房人,房客
eg. Some lodgers have been driven away by the landlord since they can't offer the money he asks for.
一些房客因为付不起房租被房东赶走了。
相关词 lodging [ˈlɒdʒɪŋ] n 暂住,寄宿;
lodge [lɒdʒ] v 租住;landlord [ˈlændlɔ:d] n 房东
同义词 tenant [ˈtenənt] n 房客
四级 rent
[rent] n 租金
eg. The rent for the room is too high for the young man, who has just graduated from the college.
房租对于这个刚大学毕业的小伙子来说太高了。
相关词 rental [ˈrentl] n 出租,租赁;
rented [ˈrentɪd] adj 租用的,租借的;
renter [ˈrentə(r)] n 租用人,租户;
rent-free [ˈrentˈfri:] adj 免租金的
四级 lease
[li:s] v 租用,出租;n 租约,租契
eg. I am afraid he has lost the lease, because he always does such things.
我恐怕他已经把租契弄丢了,他总是这样丢三落四。
相关词 leaseback [ˈli:sbæk] n 售后回租;
leasehold [ˈli:shəʊld] adj (房屋或土地)租赁的,租用的;
leaseholder [ˈli:shəʊldə(r)] n 租赁人;
title deed房契,产权契约
四级 roof
[ru:f] n 屋顶
eg. The roof of the cottage was blown away by the strong wind last night.
昨晚的大风把茅舍的屋顶给刮走了。
相关词 skylight [ˈskaɪlaɪt] n 天窗;chimney [ˈtʃɪmnɪ] n 烟囱;
antenna [ænˈtenə] n 天线;aerial [ˈeərɪəl] n 天线
GRE attic
[ˈætɪk] n 阁楼,顶楼
eg. He invites his classmates to go up to the attic and have a look.
他邀请同学们上阁楼去看一看。
相关词 eave [i:v] n 屋檐,房檐;
awning [ˈɔ:nɪŋ] n 遮雨棚;
drainpipe [ˈdreɪnpaɪp] n 排水管;
drain [dreɪn] n 下水道
GRE ventilator
[ˈventɪleɪtə(r)] n 通风口
eg. The man asked the workers to make a ventilator on the wall of the kitchen.
那个人要求工人们在厨房的墙上留一个通风口。
相关词 fanlight [ˈfænlaɪt] n 气窗;
ventilate [ˈventɪleɪt] v 使(房间、建筑等)通风;
ventilation [ˌventɪˈleɪʃn] n 通风,通风装置
同义词 vent [vent] n 通风口,出口
四级 window
[ˈwɪndəʊ] n 窗户,窗玻璃
eg. Looking through the window, he saw some children flying kites on the grass.
透过窗户,他看到一些孩子在草地上放风筝。
相关词 window dressing橱窗装饰艺术;
windowpane [ˈwɪndəʊpeɪn] n (一块)窗玻璃;
window sill窗台,窗沿;
dormer window天窗
托福 French window
[frentʃ][ˈwɪndəʊ] 落地窗
eg. The French window in our new house opens onto a big balcony.
我们的新房有个落地窗,窗外是个大阳台。
相关词 picture window大观景窗;
French door落地玻璃门;
screen [skri:n] n 纱窗
六级 stair
[steə(r)] n 楼梯,梯级
eg. Because of being sick, my grandmother has trouble going down stairs.
因为生病了,奶奶下楼有点困难。
相关词 staircase [ˈsteəkeɪs] n (建筑物内的)楼梯;
stairway [ˈsteəˌweɪ] n 楼梯,阶梯;
downstairs [ˌdaʊnˈsteəz] adv 在楼下;adj 楼下的;
upstairs [ˌʌpˈsteəz] adv 在楼上;adj 楼上的
四级 rail
[reɪl] n 栏杆,扶手
eg. That day she leaned on the rail of the second floor to see off her son who was going into the army.
那天她靠在二楼的栏杆上,目送儿子去参军。
相关词 handrail [ˈhændreɪl] n (楼梯等的)扶手
同义词 railing [ˈreɪlɪŋ] n 围栏,栏杆;
balustrade [ˌbæləˈstreɪd] n 栏杆;
guard rail护栏,扶栏
六级 porch
[pɔ:tʃ] n 门廊
eg. There are plenty of colorful flowers on both sides of the porch to the city hall.
通往市政厅的门廊两侧摆有很多五颜六色的花。
同义词 corridor [ˈkɒrɪdɔ:(r)] n 走廊,过道
hall [hɔ:l] n 门厅,正门过道;
hallway [ˈhɔ:lweɪ] n 门厅,走廊
四级 doorstep
[ˈdɔ:step] n 门阶
eg. The secretary found the lost document on the doorstep at last.
秘书最终在门阶上找到了那份丢失的文件。
相关词 front door前门;
back door后门;
doorway [ˈdɔ:ˌweɪ] n 出入口,门道;
doorkeeper [ˈdɔ:ki:pə(r)] n 看门人
四级 yard
[jɑ:d] n 院子
eg. On summer nights, mother often tells fairy stories to us in the yard.
夏夜里,妈妈经常在院子里给我们讲神话故事。
相关词 atrium [ˈeɪtrɪəm] n 中庭,天井;
backyard [ˌbækˈjɑ:d] n 后院;
courtyard [ˈkɔ:tjɑ:d] n 庭院,院子;
patio [ˈpætɪəʊ] n 庭院,平台
四级 hedge
[hedʒ] n 树篱
eg. The large yard was divided into two parts by the hedge which was set last year.
那个大院子被去年立起来的树篱分成两部分。
相关词 hedgerow [ˈhedʒrəʊ] n 矮树篱;fence [fens] n 栅栏;
paling [ˈpeɪlɪŋ] n 篱笆;stockade [stɒˈkeɪd] n 栅栏,围栏
四级 garden
[ˈgɑ:dn] n 花园,庭园
eg. The heavy rain has turned the small garden into a swamp.
大雨使这小花园变成了一块沼泽地。
相关词 garden city花园城市;
garden party游园会;
gardener [ˈɡɑ:dnə(r)] n 园艺爱好者;
gardening [ˈɡɑ:dnɪŋ] n 园艺,园艺学
四级 swing
[swɪŋ] n 秋千
eg. The father erected a swing in the yard for his daughter.
父亲为女儿在院子里做了一个秋千。
相关词 fountain [ˈfaʊntən] n 人工喷泉;arbour [ˈɑ:bə(r)] n 凉棚
四级 lawn
[lɔ:n] n 草坪
eg. Many children were playing on the lawn in front of your house.
许多孩子在你家门前的草坪上玩耍。
同义词 sod [sɒd] n 草坪,草地;turf [tɜ:f] n 草皮,草地;
greensward [ˈgri:nswɔ:d] n 草皮;
sward [swɔ:d] n 草地,草皮
四级 grass
[grɑ:s] n 草,青草
eg. Uncle Li bought a goat and some fresh grass from the market.
李叔叔从市场上买了一只山羊和一些新鲜的草。
相关词 grassed [grɑ:st] adj 长满草的;
grassland [ˈgrɑ:slænd] n 草地,草原;
grassy [ˈɡrɑ:sɪ] adj 长满草的
四级 weed
[wi:d] n 杂草,野草
eg. The playground of the school was full of weeds after the summer vocation.
过了一个暑假,学校的操场上长满了野草。
相关词 weedkiller [ˈwi:dkɪlə(r)] n 除草剂;
weedy [ˈwi:dɪ] adj 杂草丛生的;
mower [ˈməʊə(r)] n 割草机
六级 gatekeeper
[ˈgeɪtki:pə(r)] n 看门人,门卫
eg. She would say hello to the gatekeeper every time she passed the gate.
她每次经过大门时都会跟守门人打招呼。
同义词 janitor [ˈdʒænɪtə(r)] n 看门人,守门人;
caretaker [ˈkeəteɪkə(r)] n 看门人,守门人;
custodian [kʌˈstəʊdiən] n 门房,守门人
四级 community
[kəˈmju:nətɪ] n 社区,团体
eg. The young man was very diligent and went to the community library to study on weekends.
那个年轻人很勤奋,每周末都去社区图书馆学习。
相关词 cmmunity centre社区活动中心;
community college社区学院;
community service社区服务;
residents association居民委员会
四级 build
[bɪld] v 建筑,建造
eg. People in the town are delighted to hear that a railway station will be built there.
听说镇上要建火车站,人们都很高兴。
相关词 builder [ˈbɪldə(r)] n 建筑工人,建筑公司;
building site建筑工地;
built-in [bɪltɪn] adj 嵌入式的,内置的;
built-up [ˈbɪltʌp] adj (地区)建筑物等密集的
四级 architecture
[ˈɑ:kɪtektʃə(r)] n 建筑学
eg. My elder brother majors in architecture, but he doesn't like it at all.
我哥哥学的是建筑学,但是他一点都不喜欢它。
相关词 architectural [ˌɑ:kɪˈtektʃərəl] adj 建筑(学)的;
architecturally [ˌɑ:kɪˈtektʃərəlɪ] adv 建筑上;
architect [ˈɑ:kɪtekt] n 建筑师,设计者
四级 construct
[kənˈstrʌkt] v 建筑,修建
eg. The rich businessman was determined to construct a factory in his hometown.
那个富商决定在他的家乡建一个工厂。
相关词 construction [kənˈstrʌkʃn] n 建筑,建造;
constructional [kənˈstrʌkʃənl] adj 建造的,建筑的;
constructive [kənˈstrʌktɪv] adj 建设性的,有助益的;
constructor [kənˈstrʌktə(r)] n 建造者,建造商
四级 brick
[brɪk] n 砖
eg. To his surprise, the house was built with no bricks.
让他吃惊的是,这座房子建造时竟然没用一块砖。
相关词 bricklayer [ˈbrɪkleɪə(r)] n 砌砖工;瓦工;
brickwork [ˈbrɪkwɜ:k] n (建筑物的)砖结构;
brickworks [ˈbrɪkwɜ:ks] n 砖厂,砖窑;
brickyard [bˈrɪkjɑ:d] n 砖厂;
bricklaying [ˈbrɪkleɪɪŋ] n 砌砖,砌砖工作
四级 timber
[ˈtɪmbə(r)] n 木材,木料
eg. The volunteers appeal to people not to use throwaway chopsticks for saving timber.
为了节约木材,志愿者呼吁人们不要使用一次性筷子。
相关词 timbered [ˈtɪmbəd] adj 木制的,木结构的;
lumber [ˈlʌmbə(r)] n 木材,木料;log [lɒɡ] n 原木;
logging [ˈlɒgɪŋ] n 伐木作业
四级 beam
[bi:m] n 梁
eg. The roof of the hall was said to be made up of ten beams.
据说大厅的屋顶是由十根梁木组成的。
相关词 girder [ˈgɜ:də] n 大梁;
beamed [bi:md] adj 有木梁的;
pillar [ˈpɪlə(r)] n 柱子,支柱;
post [pəʊst] n 柱,杆
四级 concrete
[ˈkɒŋkri:t] n 混凝土
eg. He always feels lonely and sad in the city built with steel rods and concrete.
在钢筋和混凝土建成的城市里,他总是感到孤独悲伤。
相关词 cement [sɪˈment] n 水泥;
steel bar钢筋;lime [laɪm] n 石灰;
mortar [ˈmɔ:tə(r)] n 灰泥,灰浆;
adobe [əˈdəʊbɪ] n 黏土,黏土坯
四级 crane
[kreɪn] n 起重机,吊车
eg. The truck that drove into the river was lifted from the water by a crane.
冲进河中的那辆卡车被一架起重机吊了出来。
相关词 cement mixer混凝土搅拌机;
excavator [ˈekskəveɪtə(r)] n 挖掘机
同义词 derrick [ˈderɪk] n 转臂起重机;
hoist [hɔɪst] n 起重机,吊车
托福 demolish
[dɪˈmɒlɪʃ] v 拆毁
eg. His house had been demolished when he hurried home.
当他匆忙赶到家时,房子已经被拆掉了。
相关词 unbuild [ˈʌnˈbɪld] v 拆毁,夷平;
dismantle [dɪsˈmæntl] v 拆除;
demolition [ˌdeməˈlɪʃn] n 拆毁,破坏
托福 sumptuous
[ˈsʌmptʃʊəs] adj 奢华的,华贵的
eg. We were ushered into a sumptuous private mansion.
我们被领进一幢豪华私人住宅。
相关词 sumptuously [ˈsʌmptʃʊəslɪ] adv 豪华地;
sumptuousness [ˈsʌmptʃʊəsnəs] n 豪华;
palatial [pəˈleɪʃl] adj 富丽堂皇的;
deluxe [ˌdəˈlʌks] adj 高级的,豪华的
六级 shabby
[ˈʃæbɪ] adj 破败的
eg. The rich man donated some money to remodel the shabby school.
那个富人捐了一些钱来重建那所破旧的学校。
相关词 shabbiness [ˈʃæbɪnəs] n 破旧,失修;
shanty [ˈʃæntɪ] n 简陋小屋;
decrepit [dɪˈkrepɪt] adj 破旧的;
decrepitude [dɪˈkrepɪtju:d] n 破旧
四级 solid
[ˈsɒlɪd] adj 坚固的
eg. It's dangerous for the children to skate on the river because the ice isn't solid enough.
孩子们在河面上溜冰真是太危险了,因为冰不结实。
相关词 solidity [səˈlɪdətɪ] n 坚固性;
solidly [ˈsɒlɪdlɪ] adv 坚固地,牢固地;
solidify [səˈlɪdɪfaɪ] v 巩固;
solidification [səˌlɪdɪfɪˈkeɪʃn] n 巩固
四级 collapse
[kəˈlæps] v (突然)倒塌,坍塌;n 坍塌
eg. It's lucky that the collapse of the building caused no casualties.
幸运的是建筑物倒塌没有造成人员伤亡。
相关词 collapsed [kəˈlæpzd] adj 坍塌的;
dilapidated [dɪˈlæpɪdeɪtɪd] adj 年久失修的;
dilapidation [dɪˌlæpɪˈdeɪʃn] n 破旧,年久失修