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CHAPTER 1 居家

1 住宅

四级 live

[lɪv] v 住,居住

eg. He had lived in New York for a long time before he came to China.

来中国前他在纽约住了很长一段时间。

相关词 liveable [ˈlɪvəbl] adj (房屋等)适于居住的;

homestead [ˈhəʊmsted] n 家宅,农庄

六级 inhabit

[ɪnˈhæbɪt] v 居住在,栖居于

eg. There are so many aquatic animals inhabiting the ponds.

有很多水生动植物栖居在池塘里。

相关词 habitable [ˈhæbɪtəbl] adj 适合居住的;

inhabitant [ɪnˈhæbɪtənt] n 居民;

habitation [ˌhæbɪˈteɪʃn] n 住处,住所

四级 reside

[rɪˈzaɪd] v 居住在,定居于

eg. The Smiths decided to reside in Jinan which is the capital of Shandong province.

史密斯夫妇决定在山东省会济南定居。

相关词 residence [ˈrezɪdəns] n 住房,豪宅;

residency [ˈrezɪdənsɪ] n 居住权;

resident [ˈrezɪdənt] n 居民,住户;

residential [ˌrezɪˈdenʃl] adj 适合居住的,住宅的

四级 house

[haʊs] n 房屋,住宅

eg. Little John often dreams of having a big beautiful house, in which he can live together with his family.

小约翰总是梦想有一套又大又漂亮的房子,他可以和家人一起住在里面。

相关词 household [ˈhaʊshəʊld] n 一家人,家庭;

householder [ˈhaʊshəʊldə(r)] n 房主,住户;

housewife [ˈhaʊswaɪf] n 主妇,家庭妇女;

housing [ˈhaʊzɪŋ] n (统称)住房,住宅;

housework [ˈhaʊswɜ:k] n 家务事

GRE home

[həʊm] n 家,住所

eg. You wait for me in my home, and I will be back soon after work.

你在我家等我,我一下班就会回来。

相关词 homebody [ˈhəʊmbɒdɪ] n 不爱出门的人,太恋家的人;

homebuyer [ˈhəʊmbaɪə(r)] n 购房者;

homeowner [ˈhəʊməʊnə(r)] n 房主;

homeless [ˈhəʊmləs] adj 无家的

四级 dwelling

[ˈdwelɪŋ] n 住宅,住所,公寓

eg. In this area, there is an apple tree behind each dwelling.

在这个地区,每所住宅后面都有一棵苹果树。

相关词 dwell [dwel] v 居住,栖身;

dweller [ˈdwelə(r)] n 居民,居住者;

domiciliary [ˌdɒmɪˈsɪljərɪ] adj 在住所的,在家中的

同义词 domicile [ˈdɒmɪsaɪl] n 住处,住所

四级 building

[ˈbɪldɪŋ] n 建筑物,房子,楼房

eg. A tall building has been set up in the center of the city recently.

最近市中心建起了一栋高楼。

相关词 block [blɒk] n 大楼,一栋楼房;

multi-story [mʌlˈtɪstˈɔ:rɪ] adj 多层的;

high-rise [ˈhaɪˈraɪz] adj 高层的;

skyscraper [ˈskaɪskreɪpə(r)] n 摩天大楼;

villa [ˈvɪlə] n 度假别墅

四级 apartment

[əˈpɑ:tmənt] n 公寓套房

eg. Jane has got a satisfying job in a company, but she dislikes the apartment it offers.

简在一家公司找到了满意的工作,但她不喜欢公司提供的公寓。

相关词 apartment block公寓大楼;

apartment house(小的)公寓楼

同义词 condominium [ˌkɒndəˈmɪnɪəm] n 公寓

四级 flat

[flæt] n 公寓,单元房

eg. He bought a flat in the town with the money he had saved for ten years.

他用10年攒下来的钱在镇上买了一套房子。

相关词 flatlet [ˈflætlət] n 公寓小套房;

flatmate [ˈflætmeɪt] n 同公寓房客;

tenancy [ˈtenənsɪ] n 租期

托福 estate

[ɪˈsteɪt] n 庄园

eg. Mr. Black has a big estate, where many poor men are hired and worked for him.

布莱克先生拥有一个大庄园,在那里他雇佣了很多穷人为他干活。

相关词 estate agent房地产经纪人;

manorial [məˈnɔ:rɪəl] adj (旧时)庄园的

同义词 mansion [ˈmænʃn] n 公馆,宅第;

manor [ˈmænə(r)] n 庄园宅第

四级 cottage

[ˈkɒtɪdʒ] n 茅屋

eg. This was the first time I came to the country, and those simple cottages attracted me.

这是我第一次来到乡村,那些简朴的农舍吸引了我。

相关词 cottager [ˈkɒtɪdʒə(r)] n 住农舍者,村民;

cottage industry家庭手工业

同义词 bothy [ˈbɒθɪ] n 茅屋,屋棚;

farmhouse [ˈfɑ:mhaʊs] n 农场住宅,农舍

GRE tenement

[ˈtenəmənt] n 廉租公寓

eg. His wallet was stolen as soon as he arrived at this seaside city, so he had to rent a tenement with the little money left in his pocket.

一到这座海滨城市,他的钱包就被偷了,所以他不得不用口袋里

仅剩的一点钱去租住廉价的公寓。

相关词 lessee [leˈsi:] n 承租人,租户

rooming house(带家具的)出租公寓住房;

lodging house有出租房间的公寓

托福 lodger

[ˈlɒdʒə(r)] n 租房人,房客

eg. Some lodgers have been driven away by the landlord since they can't offer the money he asks for.

一些房客因为付不起房租被房东赶走了。

相关词 lodging [ˈlɒdʒɪŋ] n 暂住,寄宿;

lodge [lɒdʒ] v 租住;landlord [ˈlændlɔ:d] n 房东

同义词 tenant [ˈtenənt] n 房客

四级 rent

[rent] n 租金

eg. The rent for the room is too high for the young man, who has just graduated from the college.

房租对于这个刚大学毕业的小伙子来说太高了。

相关词 rental [ˈrentl] n 出租,租赁;

rented [ˈrentɪd] adj 租用的,租借的;

renter [ˈrentə(r)] n 租用人,租户;

rent-free [ˈrentˈfri:] adj 免租金的

四级 lease

[li:s] v 租用,出租;n 租约,租契

eg. I am afraid he has lost the lease, because he always does such things.

我恐怕他已经把租契弄丢了,他总是这样丢三落四。

相关词 leaseback [ˈli:sbæk] n 售后回租;

leasehold [ˈli:shəʊld] adj (房屋或土地)租赁的,租用的;

leaseholder [ˈli:shəʊldə(r)] n 租赁人;

title deed房契,产权契约

四级 roof

[ru:f] n 屋顶

eg. The roof of the cottage was blown away by the strong wind last night.

昨晚的大风把茅舍的屋顶给刮走了。

相关词 skylight [ˈskaɪlaɪt] n 天窗;chimney [ˈtʃɪmnɪ] n 烟囱;

antenna [ænˈtenə] n 天线;aerial [ˈeərɪəl] n 天线

GRE attic

[ˈætɪk] n 阁楼,顶楼

eg. He invites his classmates to go up to the attic and have a look.

他邀请同学们上阁楼去看一看。

相关词 eave [i:v] n 屋檐,房檐;

awning [ˈɔ:nɪŋ] n 遮雨棚;

drainpipe [ˈdreɪnpaɪp] n 排水管;

drain [dreɪn] n 下水道

GRE ventilator

[ˈventɪleɪtə(r)] n 通风口

eg. The man asked the workers to make a ventilator on the wall of the kitchen.

那个人要求工人们在厨房的墙上留一个通风口。

相关词 fanlight [ˈfænlaɪt] n 气窗;

ventilate [ˈventɪleɪt] v 使(房间、建筑等)通风;

ventilation [ˌventɪˈleɪʃn] n 通风,通风装置

同义词 vent [vent] n 通风口,出口

四级 window

[ˈwɪndəʊ] n 窗户,窗玻璃

eg. Looking through the window, he saw some children flying kites on the grass.

透过窗户,他看到一些孩子在草地上放风筝。

相关词 window dressing橱窗装饰艺术;

windowpane [ˈwɪndəʊpeɪn] n (一块)窗玻璃;

window sill窗台,窗沿;

dormer window天窗

托福 French window

[frentʃ][ˈwɪndəʊ] 落地窗

eg. The French window in our new house opens onto a big balcony.

我们的新房有个落地窗,窗外是个大阳台。

相关词 picture window大观景窗;

French door落地玻璃门;

screen [skri:n] n 纱窗

六级 stair

[steə(r)] n 楼梯,梯级

eg. Because of being sick, my grandmother has trouble going down stairs.

因为生病了,奶奶下楼有点困难。

相关词 staircase [ˈsteəkeɪs] n (建筑物内的)楼梯;

stairway [ˈsteəˌweɪ] n 楼梯,阶梯;

downstairs [ˌdaʊnˈsteəz] adv 在楼下;adj 楼下的;

upstairs [ˌʌpˈsteəz] adv 在楼上;adj 楼上的

四级 rail

[reɪl] n 栏杆,扶手

eg. That day she leaned on the rail of the second floor to see off her son who was going into the army.

那天她靠在二楼的栏杆上,目送儿子去参军。

相关词 handrail [ˈhændreɪl] n (楼梯等的)扶手

同义词 railing [ˈreɪlɪŋ] n 围栏,栏杆;

balustrade [ˌbæləˈstreɪd] n 栏杆;

guard rail护栏,扶栏

六级 porch

[pɔ:tʃ] n 门廊

eg. There are plenty of colorful flowers on both sides of the porch to the city hall.

通往市政厅的门廊两侧摆有很多五颜六色的花。

同义词 corridor [ˈkɒrɪdɔ:(r)] n 走廊,过道

hall [hɔ:l] n 门厅,正门过道;

hallway [ˈhɔ:lweɪ] n 门厅,走廊

四级 doorstep

[ˈdɔ:step] n 门阶

eg. The secretary found the lost document on the doorstep at last.

秘书最终在门阶上找到了那份丢失的文件。

相关词 front door前门;

back door后门;

doorway [ˈdɔ:ˌweɪ] n 出入口,门道;

doorkeeper [ˈdɔ:ki:pə(r)] n 看门人

四级 yard

[jɑ:d] n 院子

eg. On summer nights, mother often tells fairy stories to us in the yard.

夏夜里,妈妈经常在院子里给我们讲神话故事。

相关词 atrium [ˈeɪtrɪəm] n 中庭,天井;

backyard [ˌbækˈjɑ:d] n 后院;

courtyard [ˈkɔ:tjɑ:d] n 庭院,院子;

patio [ˈpætɪəʊ] n 庭院,平台

四级 hedge

[hedʒ] n 树篱

eg. The large yard was divided into two parts by the hedge which was set last year.

那个大院子被去年立起来的树篱分成两部分。

相关词 hedgerow [ˈhedʒrəʊ] n 矮树篱;fence [fens] n 栅栏;

paling [ˈpeɪlɪŋ] n 篱笆;stockade [stɒˈkeɪd] n 栅栏,围栏

四级 garden

[ˈgɑ:dn] n 花园,庭园

eg. The heavy rain has turned the small garden into a swamp.

大雨使这小花园变成了一块沼泽地。

相关词 garden city花园城市;

garden party游园会;

gardener [ˈɡɑ:dnə(r)] n 园艺爱好者;

gardening [ˈɡɑ:dnɪŋ] n 园艺,园艺学

四级 swing

[swɪŋ] n 秋千

eg. The father erected a swing in the yard for his daughter.

父亲为女儿在院子里做了一个秋千。

相关词 fountain [ˈfaʊntən] n 人工喷泉;arbour [ˈɑ:bə(r)] n 凉棚

四级 lawn

[lɔ:n] n 草坪

eg. Many children were playing on the lawn in front of your house.

许多孩子在你家门前的草坪上玩耍。

同义词 sod [sɒd] n 草坪,草地;turf [tɜ:f] n 草皮,草地;

greensward [ˈgri:nswɔ:d] n 草皮;

sward [swɔ:d] n 草地,草皮

四级 grass

[grɑ:s] n 草,青草

eg. Uncle Li bought a goat and some fresh grass from the market.

李叔叔从市场上买了一只山羊和一些新鲜的草。

相关词 grassed [grɑ:st] adj 长满草的;

grassland [ˈgrɑ:slænd] n 草地,草原;

grassy [ˈɡrɑ:sɪ] adj 长满草的

四级 weed

[wi:d] n 杂草,野草

eg. The playground of the school was full of weeds after the summer vocation.

过了一个暑假,学校的操场上长满了野草。

相关词 weedkiller [ˈwi:dkɪlə(r)] n 除草剂;

weedy [ˈwi:dɪ] adj 杂草丛生的;

mower [ˈməʊə(r)] n 割草机

六级 gatekeeper

[ˈgeɪtki:pə(r)] n 看门人,门卫

eg. She would say hello to the gatekeeper every time she passed the gate.

她每次经过大门时都会跟守门人打招呼。

同义词 janitor [ˈdʒænɪtə(r)] n 看门人,守门人;

caretaker [ˈkeəteɪkə(r)] n 看门人,守门人;

custodian [kʌˈstəʊdiən] n 门房,守门人

四级 community

[kəˈmju:nətɪ] n 社区,团体

eg. The young man was very diligent and went to the community library to study on weekends.

那个年轻人很勤奋,每周末都去社区图书馆学习。

相关词 cmmunity centre社区活动中心;

community college社区学院;

community service社区服务;

residents association居民委员会

四级 build

[bɪld] v 建筑,建造

eg. People in the town are delighted to hear that a railway station will be built there.

听说镇上要建火车站,人们都很高兴。

相关词 builder [ˈbɪldə(r)] n 建筑工人,建筑公司;

building site建筑工地;

built-in [bɪltɪn] adj 嵌入式的,内置的;

built-up [ˈbɪltʌp] adj (地区)建筑物等密集的

四级 architecture

[ˈɑ:kɪtektʃə(r)] n 建筑学

eg. My elder brother majors in architecture, but he doesn't like it at all.

我哥哥学的是建筑学,但是他一点都不喜欢它。

相关词 architectural [ˌɑ:kɪˈtektʃərəl] adj 建筑(学)的;

architecturally [ˌɑ:kɪˈtektʃərəlɪ] adv 建筑上;

architect [ˈɑ:kɪtekt] n 建筑师,设计者

四级 construct

[kənˈstrʌkt] v 建筑,修建

eg. The rich businessman was determined to construct a factory in his hometown.

那个富商决定在他的家乡建一个工厂。

相关词 construction [kənˈstrʌkʃn] n 建筑,建造;

constructional [kənˈstrʌkʃənl] adj 建造的,建筑的;

constructive [kənˈstrʌktɪv] adj 建设性的,有助益的;

constructor [kənˈstrʌktə(r)] n 建造者,建造商

四级 brick

[brɪk] n

eg. To his surprise, the house was built with no bricks.

让他吃惊的是,这座房子建造时竟然没用一块砖。

相关词 bricklayer [ˈbrɪkleɪə(r)] n 砌砖工;瓦工;

brickwork [ˈbrɪkwɜ:k] n (建筑物的)砖结构;

brickworks [ˈbrɪkwɜ:ks] n 砖厂,砖窑;

brickyard [bˈrɪkjɑ:d] n 砖厂;

bricklaying [ˈbrɪkleɪɪŋ] n 砌砖,砌砖工作

四级 timber

[ˈtɪmbə(r)] n 木材,木料

eg. The volunteers appeal to people not to use throwaway chopsticks for saving timber.

为了节约木材,志愿者呼吁人们不要使用一次性筷子。

相关词 timbered [ˈtɪmbəd] adj 木制的,木结构的;

lumber [ˈlʌmbə(r)] n 木材,木料;log [lɒɡ] n 原木;

logging [ˈlɒgɪŋ] n 伐木作业

四级 beam

[bi:m] n

eg. The roof of the hall was said to be made up of ten beams.

据说大厅的屋顶是由十根梁木组成的。

相关词 girder [ˈgɜ:də] n 大梁;

beamed [bi:md] adj 有木梁的;

pillar [ˈpɪlə(r)] n 柱子,支柱;

post [pəʊst] n 柱,杆

四级 concrete

[ˈkɒŋkri:t] n 混凝土

eg. He always feels lonely and sad in the city built with steel rods and concrete.

在钢筋和混凝土建成的城市里,他总是感到孤独悲伤。

相关词 cement [sɪˈment] n 水泥;

steel bar钢筋;lime [laɪm] n 石灰;

mortar [ˈmɔ:tə(r)] n 灰泥,灰浆;

adobe [əˈdəʊbɪ] n 黏土,黏土坯

四级 crane

[kreɪn] n 起重机,吊车

eg. The truck that drove into the river was lifted from the water by a crane.

冲进河中的那辆卡车被一架起重机吊了出来。

相关词 cement mixer混凝土搅拌机;

excavator [ˈekskəveɪtə(r)] n 挖掘机

同义词 derrick [ˈderɪk] n 转臂起重机;

hoist [hɔɪst] n 起重机,吊车

托福 demolish

[dɪˈmɒlɪʃ] v 拆毁

eg. His house had been demolished when he hurried home.

当他匆忙赶到家时,房子已经被拆掉了。

相关词 unbuild [ˈʌnˈbɪld] v 拆毁,夷平;

dismantle [dɪsˈmæntl] v 拆除;

demolition [ˌdeməˈlɪʃn] n 拆毁,破坏

托福 sumptuous

[ˈsʌmptʃʊəs] adj 奢华的,华贵的

eg. We were ushered into a sumptuous private mansion.

我们被领进一幢豪华私人住宅。

相关词 sumptuously [ˈsʌmptʃʊəslɪ] adv 豪华地;

sumptuousness [ˈsʌmptʃʊəsnəs] n 豪华;

palatial [pəˈleɪʃl] adj 富丽堂皇的;

deluxe [ˌdəˈlʌks] adj 高级的,豪华的

六级 shabby

[ˈʃæbɪ] adj 破败的

eg. The rich man donated some money to remodel the shabby school.

那个富人捐了一些钱来重建那所破旧的学校。

相关词 shabbiness [ˈʃæbɪnəs] n 破旧,失修;

shanty [ˈʃæntɪ] n 简陋小屋;

decrepit [dɪˈkrepɪt] adj 破旧的;

decrepitude [dɪˈkrepɪtju:d] n 破旧

四级 solid

[ˈsɒlɪd] adj 坚固的

eg. It's dangerous for the children to skate on the river because the ice isn't solid enough.

孩子们在河面上溜冰真是太危险了,因为冰不结实。

相关词 solidity [səˈlɪdətɪ] n 坚固性;

solidly [ˈsɒlɪdlɪ] adv 坚固地,牢固地;

solidify [səˈlɪdɪfaɪ] v 巩固;

solidification [səˌlɪdɪfɪˈkeɪʃn] n 巩固

四级 collapse

[kəˈlæps] v (突然)倒塌,坍塌;n 坍塌

eg. It's lucky that the collapse of the building caused no casualties.

幸运的是建筑物倒塌没有造成人员伤亡。

相关词 collapsed [kəˈlæpzd] adj 坍塌的;

dilapidated [dɪˈlæpɪdeɪtɪd] adj 年久失修的;

dilapidation [dɪˌlæpɪˈdeɪʃn] n 破旧,年久失修