（7）语句的合成

读过“语句的种类”之后，我们已经知道了语句可分为单句、复句和并列句三种。单句是语句的基础，在任何一种句型中，至少都非包含一个单句不可。只有极短的句子，才是一个单句所构成的，稍长的句子，不问它是单句也好，复句也好，并列句也好，多半包含两个以上的单句。所以两个单句，可合成一个单句，也可合成一个复句，也可合成一个并列句。复句和并列句都得包含两个分句，单句就只可有一个分句。在一个分句所构成的单句上，再加短语，并不影响句型，所以合拼两个单句为一句的时候，有三种不同的方式。也可以说，因造句的方式不同，而发生三种不同的结果。兹分别举例说明如下：

1. 两个单句合成一个单句

把其中一个不大重要的单句，改为短语，附在另外一较为重要的单句上，便合成一个单句了，例如：

①	（You）turn to the right. You will find the post office on your left.

= Turning to the right，you will find the post office on your left.

（向右转走去，你就会看见邮政局在你的左边呢。）

②	He labours very hard. He is still poor.

= In spite of all his labours，he is still poor.（尽管他非常努力，他还是很穷。）

③	He has a large family. He must provide for them.

= He has a large family to provide for.（他有一个大家庭要赡养。）

2. 两个单句合成一个复句

把其中一个不大重要的单句，改为从句（名词从句、形容词从句或副词从句皆可），附在另外一个较为重要的单句上，便合成一个复句了，例如：

A. 用名词从句的

①	He will come again. I am sure of it.

= I am sure that he will come again.（我确信他会再来。）

②	Will he come here again？ I asked him the question.

= I asked him if he will come here again.（我问他是不是还要再到这里来。）

③	I am going to a certain place. He does not know it.

= He does not know where I am going.（他不知道我要到什么地方去。）

B. 用形容词从句的

①	The canary sings sweetly. I caught it in our garden.

= The canary which I caught in our garden sings sweetly.

（我在花园里捉来的那只金丝雀歌声很美。）

②	This is the house. He lives in it.

= This is the house where he lives.（他就住在这所房子里。）

③	He had received a good education. This raised him above many men of his age.

= The good education that he had received，raised him above many men of his age.

（他受了很好的教育，所以使他比同年辈的人的地位都高。）

C. 用副词从句的

①	He is very rich. He is never happy.

= Though he is very rich，he is never happy.（他虽则很有钱，但他从来不快乐。）

②	He is diligent. No other boy in the class is more diligent.

= He is more diligent than any other boy in the class.（他是同班中最勤励的。）

③	The signal was given. Every one immediately raised a shout.

= Every one raised a shout as soon as the signal was given.

（信号一发，所有的人都大声地喊出来。）

3. 两个单句合成一个并列句

把两个单句用连词把它们结合起来，便成为一个并列句了，例如：

①	It was getting late. I will go home.

= It was getting late，and so I will go home.（时间很迟了，所以我要回家了。）

②	I did not go out. I stayed at home.

= I did not go out，but stayed at home.（我没有出去，而留在家里。）

③	Energy is necessary to success in life. Patience is also necessary to it.

= Not only energy，but patience is also necessary to success in life.

（人生的成功，不仅需要精力，而且需要耐性。）