1.Adriano P，Manuela B，Dario I，et al：Early intra-intensive care unit psychological intervention promotes recovery from post traumatic stress disorders，anxiety and depression symptoms in critically ill patients.Crit Care. 2011；15（2）：418.PMCID：3221970

2.American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders：DSM-Ⅳ -4th edition. Washington，DS，1994

3.Arieh YS. Posttraumatic stress disorder（PTSD）and stress related disorders. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2009；32（3）：687-704.PMCID：2746940

4.Armagane E，Engindeniz Z，Devay AO，et al. Frequency of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among Relief Force Workers after the Tsunami in Asia：Do Rescuer Become Victims. Prehosp Disaster Med，2006，21（3）：168-172

5.Artiss KL. Human behavior under stress：From combat to social psychiatry. Milit Med 1963；128：1011-1015

6.Belenky GL. Varieties of reaction and adaptation to combat experience.Bull Menninger Clin 1987；51：64-79

7.Benotsch EG，Brailey K，Vasterling JJ，et al：War Zone Stress，Personal and Environmental Resources，and PTSD Symptoms in Gulf War Veterans：A Longitudinal Perspective1 Journal of Abnormal Psychology 2000；109：205-213

8.Bourne P. Military psychiatry and the Vietnam experience. American Journal of Psychiatry 1970；127：481-488

9.Calabrese JR，Prescott M，Tamburrino M，et al.，PTSD comorbidity and suicidal ideation associated with PTSD within the Ohio Army National Guard. J Clin Psychiatry. 2011；72（8）：1072-8.PMID：21899816

10.Chang CM，Lee LC，Connor KM，et al. Posttraumatic distress and coping strategies among rescue workers after an earthquake. J Nerv Ment Dis，2003，191（6）：391-398

11.Charles W. Hoge，et al. Mental health problems，use of mental health services，and attrition from military service after returning from deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan. JAMA. 2006；295：1023-1032

12.Cozza KL & Hales RE. Psychiatry in the army—A brief historical perspective and current developments. Hospital and Community Psychiatry 1991；42：413-418

13.Craigie HB. Two years of military psychiatry in the Middle East.British Medical Journal 1944；2：105-109

14.Ford JD，Campbell KA，Storzbach D，et al：Posttraumatic stress symptomatology is associated with unexplained illness at tributed to Persian Gulf War military service1 Psychosomatic medicine1 2001；63：842-849

15.Glass AJ. Effectiveness of forward neuropsychiatric treatment. Bulletin of the US Army Medical Department 1947；7：1034-1041

16.Fisher MI. Lessons of the Falklands：Prepare for surprises1 US Medicine 1983；19：3-16

17.Gabriel R & Neal LA. Post-traumatic stress disorder following military combat or peace keeping. BMJ 2002；324（7333）：340-341

18.Hales RE. The Gulf War and Mental Health：A Comprehensive Guide.Am J Psychiatry 1998；155：301

19.Hunter D. The work of a corps psychiatrist in the Italian campaign.Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps 1946：86：127-130

20.James CJ，Robert PH，Sharon MG，et al：Post-traumatic stress disorder and post-traumatic stress symptoms following critical illness in medical intensive care unit patients：assessing the magnitude of the problem. Crit Care. 2007；11（1）：R27.PMCID：2151890

21.Jasmeet PH，Kevin SL，and Gregory M. Reduced hippocampal and amygdala activity predicts memory distortions for trauma reminders in combat-related PTSD. J Psychiatr Res. 2011；45（5）：660-669.PMCID：308188

22.Johnson LB，Cline DW，Marcum JM，et al：Effectiveness of a stress recovery unit during the Persian Gulf War. Hosp Community Psychiatry 1992；43：829-833

23.Jonathan DN，Paul M，Daichi S，et al：Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder（PTSD）Symptoms Predict Delay to Hospital in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome. PLoS One. 2011；6（11）：27640.PMCID：3214073

24.Jones E，Hodgins-Vermaas R，McCartney H，et al：Post-combat syndromes from the Boer war to the Gulf war：a cluster analysis of their nature and attribution BMJ 2002；324（7333）：321-327

25.Joseph Z，Alzbeta JW，Rachel S，et al：New insights into secondary prevention in post-traumatic stress disorder. Dialogues Clin Neurosci.2011；13（3）：301-309.PMCID：3182005

26.Justine P，Kelly S，Tamara W，et al：Pain symptomatology and pain medication use in civilian PTSD. Pain. 2011 October；152（10）：2233-2240.PMCID：3201986

27.Kessler RC，Sonnega A，Bromet E，et al. Posttraumatic stress disorder in the national comorbidity survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry，1995，52（12）：1048-1060

28.Lanius RA，Brewin CR，Bremner JD，et al.，Default mode network connectivity as a predictor of post-traumatic stress disorder symptom severity in acutely traumatized subjects. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2010；35（2）：80-89.PMID：19426163

29.Lester KS. The psychologist’s role in the Garrison mission of combat stress control units. Mil Med 2000；165：459-462

30.Levav I，Greenfield H，& Baruch E. Psychiatric combat reactions during the Yom KippurWar. American Journal of Psychiatry 1979；136：637-641

31.Lisa AB. Neuropsychological and neuroimaging findings in traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic stress disorder. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2011；13（3）：311-323.PMCID：3182009

32.Luft B.J，Schechter C，Kotov R，et al：Exposure，probable PTSD and lower respiratory illness among World Trade Center rescue，recovery and clean-up workers. Psychol Med. 2012；42（5）：1069-1079.PMCID：3315774

33.Mae LRR，Ann V H，Frances TU，et al：Post traumatic stress disorder in anorexia nervosa. Psychosom Med. 2011；73（6）：491-497.PMCID：3132652

34.Mason S，Wardrope J，Turpin G，et al. Prospective cohort study：the psychological burden of injury：an 18 month. Emerg. Med. J. 2002；19：400-404

35.Marie-Anne R，Gilles D，André M. Post-traumatic stress disorder following myocardial infarction：Prevalence and risk factors. Can J Cardiol. 2010 May；26（5）：170-175.PMCID：2886563

36.Nicole R N，Ananda B A，Karestan C K. Genetics of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder：Informing Clinical Conceptualizations and Promoting Future Research. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet. 2008；148（2）：127-132.PMCID：2680188

37.Nilamadhab K. Cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder：a review. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2011；7：167-181.PMCID：3083990

38.Noy S，Levy R，and Solomon Z. Mental health care in the Lebanon War 1982.Israel Journal of Medical Sciences 1984；20：360-363

39.Noy S. Battle intensity and length of stay on the battlefield as determinants of the type of evacuation. Milit Med 1987；152：601-607

40.Ozen S，Sir A. Frequency of PTSD in a group of search and rescue workers two months after 2003 Bingol（Turkey）earthquake. J Nerv Ment Dis，2004，192（8）：573-575

41.Peterlin BL，Andrea LR，Fred D，et al. Post-traumatic stress disorder，drug abuse and migraine：New findings from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication（NCS-R）. Cephalalgia. 2011；31（2）：235-244.PMCID：3105759

42.Pflanz S. Psychiatric illness and the workplace：perspectives for occupational medicine in the military. Mil Med 1999；164：401-406

43.Rebecca KS，Anthony PK，and Renner JA. The changing patterns of psychiatric problems in Vietnam. Comprehensive Psychiatry 1973；14：169-180

44.Renner JA. The changing patterns of psychiatric problems in Vietnam.Compr Psychiatry 1973；14：169-180

45.Rozanov V & Carli V. Suicide among War Veterans. Int. J. Environ.Res. Public Health 2012；9：2504-2519.PMID：22851956

46.Russel，C. The management of psychoneuroses in the Canadian army.Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1919；14：29-30

47.Salmon TW. The care and treatment of mental diseases and war neuroses（‘shell shock’）in the British army. Mental Hygiene 1917；1：509-547

48.Salmon TW. The war neuroses and their lesson. New York Journal of Medicine 1919；109：993-994

49.Sarah N G. Altered resting-state amygdala functional connectivity in men with posttraumatic stress disorder. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2012；37（4）：241-249.PMCID：3380095

50.Sareen J，Cox BJ，Stein MB，et al：Physical and mental comorbidity，disability，and suicidal behavior associated with posttraumatic stress disorder in a large community sample. Psychosomatic Medicine.2007；69：242-248.PMID：17401056

51.Shelly AW，Brenda AM，Nancy J，et al：Associations between posttraumatic streess disorder symptoms and alcohol and other drugs problems：implications for social work practice. Practice（Birm）.2011；23（4）：183-199.PMCID：3221512

52.Soloman Z & Benbenishty R. The role of proximity，immediacy and expectancy in frontline treatment of combat stress reac tion among Israelis in the Lebanon War AmJ Psychiatry 1986；143：613-617

53.Steffany J F，Candice M M，Jeremiah A S，et al：Associations among disaster exposure，intimate relationship adjustment，and PTSD symptoms：Can disaster exposure enhance a relationship？J Trauma Stress. 2010；23（4）：446-451.PMCID：2956072

54.Susan MF，Victor Y C，Samina I，et al：Medical Care Needs of Returning Veterans with PTSD：Their Other Burden. J Gen Intern Med. 2011；26（1）：33-39.PMCID：3024098

55.Tiffany W. The mental health of army troops in Vietnam. American Journal of Psychiatry 1967；123：1585-1586

56.Troxel WM，Germain A. Insecure attachment is an independent correlate of objective sleep disturbances in military veterans. Sleep Med. 2011；12（9）：860-865.PMID：21925945

57.Watkins JG. The psychodynamic treatment of combat neuroses（PTSD）with hypnosis during World War II. Int J Clin Exp Hypn 2000；48：324-351

58.WHO. The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioral disorders：Clinical and diagnostic guidelines，Geneva，1992

59.White DL，Savas LS，Daci K. Trauma history and risk of irritable bowel syndrome in women veterans. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2010；32（4）：551-561.PMCID：2906642

60.Zurbriggen EL，Gobin RL，Kaehler LA. Trauma，attachment，and intimate relationships. J Trauma Dissociation. 2012；13（2）：127-133.PMID：22375803

61.邓红. 精神障碍的分类//黄明生，刘协和主编. 精神疾病诊疗手册. 北京；人民卫生出版社2000：1-25

62.郝伟. 精神活性物质滥用及中毒性精神障碍//徐韬圆主编. 现代精神医学. 上海；上海医科大学出版社2000：246-271

63.惠武利，施旺红，徐德忠，等. 烟台海难援救军人创伤后应激障碍发生者SCL—90分析. 第四军医大学学报，2001，22（19）：1818-1820

64.李立明主编. 流行病学. 北京：人民卫生出版社，2008.11：20~21

65.苏衡；王家同. 性应激障碍认知暴露疗法的临床应用. 中国心理卫生杂志2005；19：97-99

66.万国斌. 症状学//徐韬圆主编. 现代精神医学. 上海；上海医科大学出版社2000：22-68

67.王焕林，崔庶，陈继军，等. 中国军人心理创伤后应激障碍的流行病学调查. 中华神经科杂志，1996，29（2）：69-72

68.汪向东，赵丞智，新福尚隆，等. 研究地震后创伤性应激障碍的发生率及影响因素. 中国心理卫生杂志，1999，13（1）：28-30

69.徐唯，宋瑛，梁爱民，等. 特大爆炸事故幸存者创伤后应激障碍的初步研究. 中国心理卫生杂志，2003，17（9）：603-606

70.中华医学会精神科学会. CCMD-3中国精神疾病分类方案与诊断标准. 第3版. 济南，山东科学技术出版社，2001