2.2 课后习题详解
第一节 对等译法
一、翻译下面的句子，注意搭配产生的“假朋友”。
1. 好教徒
【答案】a faithful Christian
2. 好父母
【答案】a loving parent
3. 好儿女
【答案】an obedient child
4. 好妻子
【答案】a virtuous wife
5. 好丈夫
【答案】a dutiful husband
6. 好学生
【答案】a hardworking student
7. 大风
【答案】strong wind
8. 大雾
【答案】thick fog
9. 大雨
【答案】heavy rain
二、翻译下列句子，注意不顾语境而产生的“假朋友”。
1. 只有当双方谈话投机，希望继续交往时，才会主动掏出名片。
【答案】Only when they find much in common and hope to keep in touch later on will they offer their cards.（注意不要把“投机”翻译成speculative）
2. 再例如，作为一个中国人，经书不可不读。我年过三十才知道读书自修的重要。
【答案】Another example. The reading of Chinese classics is a must for all Chinese. Nevertheless, it was not until I was over 30 that I came to realize the importance of self-study in the matter of classics.
3. 寄语年轻朋友，千万要持之以恒地从事运动，这不是嬉戏，不是浪费时间。健康的身体是做人做事的真正本钱。
【答案】Dear young friends, my advice to you is: Do physical exercises perseveringly. That has nothing to do with merry-making or time-wasting. Good health is the wherewithal for a successful life and career.
三、用对等译法。翻译下列成语。
1. 浑水摸鱼
【答案】fish in troubled waters
2. 称心如意
【答案】be after one’s own heart
3. 皮包骨头
【答案】skin and bones
4. 一触即发
【答案】touch and go
5. 一语道破
【答案】hit the nail on the head
6. 出人头地
【答案】be head and shoulders above others
7. 充耳不闻
【答案】turn a deaf ear to
8. 破釜沉舟
【答案】burn one’s boat
9. 视而不见
【答案】turn a blind eye to
10. 大海捞针
【答案】look for a needle in a bundle of hay
四、用对等译法。翻译下列谚语。
1. 熟能生巧。
【答案】Practice makes perfect.
2. 欲速则不达。
【答案】More haste, less speed.
3. 出门一里，不如家里。
【答案】East or west, home is best.
4. 拉入篮里就是菜。
【答案】All is fish that comes to the net.
5. 皇天不负苦心人。
【答案】Everything comes to him who waits.
6. 小巫见大巫。
【答案】The moon is not seen when the sun shines.
7. 三思而后行。
【答案】Look before you leap.
8. 无风不起浪。
【答案】There is no smoke without fire.
第二节 增词译法
一、翻译下列句子。注意增补冠词。
1. 就是小孩也能回答这个问题。
【答案】Even a child can answer this question.
2. 这是我们团的团长。
【答案】This is the head of our delegation.
3. 他把报纸搁在一边，打开无线电。
【答案】He put the paper aside and turned on the radio.
4. 中国人民勤劳勇敢。
【答案】The Chinese people are industrious and brave.
5. 我们应当相信群众。
【答案】We must have faith in the masses.
6. 指南针是中国发明的。
【答案】The compass was invented in China.
7. 月亮绕着地球转。
【答案】The moon moves around the earth.
二、翻译下列句子，注意增补代词。
1. 请把练习本交上来。
【答案】Hand in your exercise-books, please.
2. 我不能用英语表达思想。
【答案】I can’t express myself in English.
3. 自由主义观有各种表现。
【答案】Liberalism manifests itself in different ways.
4. 不要过分劳累。
【答案】Don’t overwork yourself.
5. 我想借此机会向你们表达我们的感谢。
【答案】I wish to avail myself of this opportunity to express our gratitude to you.
三、翻译下列句子。注意增补动词。
1. 他们意气风发。
【答案】They are in high spirits.
2. 他们喜形于色。
【答案】They beamed with joy.
3. 他眼明手快。
【答案】He is quick of eye and deft of hand.
4. 这篇文章浅显易懂。
【答案】This passage is easy to read and understand.
5. 我对他敬而远之。
【答案】I stood aloof from him.
四、翻译下列句子，注意增补介词。
1. 这本书很受青年们的欢迎。
【答案】The book is very popular among young people.
2. 她问到了你的病情。
【答案】She inquired about your illness.
3. 这座山海拔1000英尺。
【答案】The mountain is 1,000 feet above the sea level.
4. 出去时随手关门。
【答案】Shut the door when you go out.
5. 一点钟开饭。
【答案】Dinner was at one o’clock.
6. 我们为你们取得的每一个胜利感到欢欣鼓舞。
【答案】We rejoice at every victory you win.
五、翻译下列句子，注意增补连词。
1. 发展体育运动，增强人民体质。
【答案】Promote physical exercise and build up the people’s health.
2. 老少男女都参加了战斗。
【答案】Men and women, old and young, all joined in the battle.
3. 我们工作一不为名二不为利。
【答案】We worked neither for fame nor for personal gain.
4. 我们要趁热打铁。
【答案】We should strike while the iron is hot.
5. 我要在这里待到我学习结束为止。
【答案】I shall stay here until I’ve finished my studies.
六、翻译下列句子或短语，从文化角度增补词语。
1. 凭你有李、杜的文，颜、曾的行，却是也没一个人来问你。
【答案】You might have the genius of Li Bai or Du Fu, who was a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, and the moral worth of Yan Hui or Zeng Shen—both of them were disciples of Confucius, no one would ask your advice.
2. 班门弄斧
【答案】to show off one’s proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban, the master carpenter
3. 济公劫富济贫。
【答案】Jigong, Robin Hood in China, robbed the rich and helped the poor.
4. 百花齐放
【答案】let a hundred flowers bloom, permit the airing of conflicting views
5. 黑孩子
【答案】black children, who are born in violation of China’s one-child policy
第三节 减词译法
一、翻译下列句子，注意省略原文的范畴词。
1. 改革开放扭转了经济停滞不前的局面。
【答案】Reform and opening-up reversed the stagnation of national economy.
2. 他的粗鲁行为使我很震惊。
【答案】His rudeness shocked me.
3. 他担任了鲁迅作品的翻译任务。
【答案】He has taken up the translation of Lu Xun’s works.
4. 出口物资不得超过限定范围。
【答案】The export is not permitted to exceed its limit.
5. 讨论的范围涉及中美关系。
【答案】The discussion covers Sino-US relations.
6. 1969年夏天，政府公开主张缓和同中国的紧张关系。
【答案】In the summer of 1969, the Administration publicly urged an easing of tensions with China.
7. 他的傲慢态度使谁都不喜欢他。
【答案】His arrogance made everyone dislike him.
8. 现在节育生育已成为一种可行的办法了。
【答案】Now birth control has become a possibility.
9. 中国在全国范围内开展污染防治工作和环境保护活动。
【答案】China is carrying out nationwide pollution control and environmental protection.
10. 会议中，双方集中讨论了保护知识产权的问题。
【答案】During the talk, their discussion centered around the protection of intellectual property rights.
11. 促进和平统一事业
【答案】promote peaceful reunification
12. 今年上半年进出口计划的执行情况，也是很好的。
【答案】Our import-export in the first half of this year has gone very well.
二、翻译下列句子，注意省略原文的重复成分。
1. 双方认为应把中美关系放在世界范围来看，应着眼于未来，着眼于21世纪。
【答案】The two sides held that Sino-US relations should be viewed in a global context and from a perspective of the future and the 21st century in particular.
2. 出现问题也容易纠正和改正。
【答案】When problems emerge, they can be easily put right.
3. 远近/长短/大小，高矮
【答案】distance/length/size/height
4. 增强自立意识、竞争意识、效率意识、民主法制意识而后开拓创新意识。
【答案】Increase the awareness about self-reliance, competition, efficiency, and democracy and the rule of law, as well as the pioneering and innovation spirit.
5. 沉默啊！沉默！不在沉默中爆发，就在沉默中灭亡。
【答案】Silence! Silence! Unless we burst out, we shall perish in this silence.
6. 生产力是最活跃、最革命的因素，是社会发展的最终决定力量。
【答案】Productive forces are the most dynamic and the most revolutionary factors as well as the ultimate decisive force of social development.
7. 中国共产党必须始终代表中国先进生产力的发展要求，代表中国先进文化的前进方向，代表中国最广大人民的根本利益。
【答案】Our party must always represent the development trend of China’s advanced productive forces; the orientation of China’s advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of people in China.
三、翻译下列句子。注意省略原文中多余的或空洞的词语。
1. 我进去看了，只记得门警是个瑞士士兵，穿着黄色制服，别的没有印象了。
【答案】I went there to have a look. All I remember now is that the guards at the entrance were Swiss soldiers in yellow uniforms.
2. 我们需要从其他国家进口先进工艺设备。
【答案】We need to import advanced industrial equipment.
3. 过去的经验告诉我们……
【答案】Past experiences teach us ...
4. 那是骗人的幌子。
【答案】That is a facade.
5. 艰苦奋斗的精神要贯彻始终。
【答案】We must adhere to the principle of plain living and hard struggle.
6. 我们要大力发扬求真务实，勇于创新的精神。
【答案】We must carry forward and promote the spirit of practicality, truth-seeking and courage in innovation.
7. 这就彻底打破了他华而不实的梦想。
【答案】This shattered his illusion.
8. 我们强烈要求美国政府就这次事件向中国郑重道歉。
【答案】We urge that US government apologize to China for this incident.
9. 鼓励国内外投资者到中西部投资。（《十五大报告》）
【答案】Encourage both Chinese and overseas investments in the central and western regions.
第四节 合并译法
一、运用合并译法。翻译下列四字成语或词组。
1. 花言巧语
【答案】fine words
2. 油嘴滑舌
【答案】glib tongue
3. 精疲力竭
【答案】exhausted
4. 吞吞吐吐
【答案】stumbling
5. 调兵遣将
【答案】move forces
6. 破釜沉舟
【答案】burn one’s boat
二、结合合并译法，翻译下列句子。
1. 我们就要有这个雄心壮志。
【答案】We must have this ambition.
2. 我穿上我那身破烂衣服，钻到那空甜桶里去呆着，这才发觉自己自由自在，心满意足。
【答案】I got into my old rags and my sugar-hogshead again, and was free and satisfied.
3. 这5场演出是场场爆满，座无虚席，许多观众只好立足观看。
【答案】Each of the five performances enjoyed a full house, with many spectators having to stand.
4. 他决心洗心革面，脱胎换骨。
【答案】He makes up his mind to turn over a new leaf.
5. 他从小就认真读书，刻苦学习。
【答案】He worked hard at his studies even in early childhood.
6. 海峡两岸的中国人民都是骨肉同胞，手足兄弟。
【答案】The Chinese on both sides of the Taiwan Straits are of the same flesh and blood.
7. 全体员工精诚团结，上下一心。
【答案】All the staff unite in absolute sincerity.
8. 你来之前，我无所事事，只是游手好闲，逢场作戏。
【答案】Before you came, I did nothing but idle and drift into anything that offered itself.
9. 他想远走高飞，免得心烦。
【答案】He sought the distraction of distance.
第五节 转性译法
一、翻译下列句子。注意汉语形容词和副词的转译。
1. 他们的意见并没什么不同。
【答案】There is no difference in their opinions.
2. 我们感到解决这个复杂的问题是困难的。
【答案】We found difficulty in solving this complicated problem.
3. 代表们一致表示反对核武器。
【答案】The delegates unanimously expressed their determination to oppose the nuclear weapons.
4. 他的新书十分成功。
【答案】His new book is a great success.
5. 他惊讶地望着我。
【答案】He looked at me in amazement.
6. 阳光普照大地。
【答案】The sun shines over the earth.
7. 那消息很快传遍全世界。
【答案】The news quickly spread throughout the world.
8. 她的声音响彻整个屋子。
【答案】Her voice rings through the house.
9. 这里人烟稠密。
【答案】This area is densely populated.
10. 我们政府对留学国外的学生很关心。
【答案】Our government shows great concern for the Chinese students abroad.
11. 他们热烈欢迎这位著名的作家。
【答案】They give this famous writer a warm welcome.
12. 她不得已当了导游。
【答案】She acted as a reluctant tourist guide.
13. 她急切地希望看到他。
【答案】She has a strong desire to see him.
14. 我会立即回复。
【答案】I will give an immediate reply.
15. 独立思考对学习是绝对必要的。
【答案】Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.
二、翻译下列句子。注意其中名词的转译情况。
1. 氧是物质世界的重要元素之一，它的化学反应很强。
【答案】Oxygen is one of the important elements in the physical world; it is very active chemically.
2. 这种举止是罪犯的心理特征。
【答案】This kind of behavior characterizes the criminal mind.
3. 地球的形状像一个大球。
【答案】The earth is shaped like a big ball.
4. 他的目标是要成为一个成功的作家。
【答案】He aims to be a successful writer.
5. 这咖啡有点巧克力的味道。
【答案】This coffee tastes of chocolate.
6. 学生们都应该德、智、体全面发展。
【答案】All the students should develop morally, intellectually and physically.
7. 雄伟的人民大会堂给我们留下了深刻的印象。
【答案】The magnificent Great Hall of the People impressed us tremendously.
8. 如果旅馆都满客了，我们可以给你提供住处。
【答案】We can house you if the hotels are full.
9. 无知和疏忽是这错误的原因。
【答案】Ignorance and negligence has caused this mistake.
10. 橄榄枝是和平的象征。
【答案】Olive branch symbolizes peace.
11. 我们应该尊老爱幼。
【答案】We should respect the old and love the young.
第六节 换形译法
一、翻译下列句子，注意名词性替代。
1. 甲：请问，我能要点一杯清咖啡加糖吗？
乙：也给我一杯清咖啡加糖。
【答案】
A: Can I have a cup of black coffee with sugar, please?
B: Give me the same, please.
2. 当钟指向三点的时候，伊丽莎自觉得她必须要走了。但是她很不愿意离开。
【答案】When the clock struck three, Elizabeth felt that she must go; and very unwillingly she said so.
3. 甲：你喜欢这个茶壶吗？
乙：不喜欢，我想要一个方形的茶壶。
【答案】
A: Would you like this teapot?
B: No, I want a square one.
4. 实现了千百年来围湖造田、与湖争地到大规模退田还湖的历史性转变。
【答案】This represented a great shift from the centuries-long history of reclaiming farmland from lakes to restoring it to them on a large scale.
5. 这是我厂的关键车间，设备还是比较齐全的。这些机械设备的上方，我们还装配了冷却通风设备、供暖设备以及通讯设备等。
【答案】This is the key workshop in our factory. Here we have comparatively complete equipment. Cooling-fan installations, heating devices and communications facilities are also equipped over those machineries.
二、翻译下面的句子，注意运用动词性替代。
1. 我同你一样不知道。
【答案】I do not know any more than you do.
2. 他不常发牢骚，不过他发牢骚时，人们也不大理睬。
【答案】He did not often grumble, and when he did, no one paid much attention to him.
3. 他起得很早，且一向如此。
【答案】He got up early, as he had always done.
4. 尽管大部分人都向他鞠躬，但是他们一边鞠躬一边向地上吐唾沫。
【答案】Although most of the people bowed to him, they spat into the dirt as they did so.
5. 彼得加入了我们组，我不知道戴维是不是会加入我们组。
【答案】Peter is joining our group. I am not sure whether David will do so or not.
6. 我答应了给他买票，我一定要买到票。
【答案】I promised to get a ticket for him and I will do so.
7. 人们说首相不久就要解散国会，并进行新的选举。他是否这么干，本人深表怀疑。
【答案】They say that the Prime Minister will soon dissolve Parliament and call for new elections. I doubt very much if he will do so!
8. 今天下午忙吗？如果不忙的话，我希望你跟我在一起。
【答案】Are you busy this afternoon? If not, I hope you would stay with me.
第七节 褒贬译法
一、给出下列词语的褒义词、贬义词和中性词形式。
1. 人群
2. 肥胖的
3. 苗条的
4. 朋友
5. 作家
6. 坚持
【答案】
二、将下列句子译成英语，注意画线词语的褒贬。
1. 他热衷于个人名利。
【答案】He is always hankering after personal fame and gains.
2. 她热衷于花样滑冰。
【答案】She is fond of figure skating.
3. 他贩卖皮货。
【答案】He is in the fur trade.
4. 你这是在贩卖民族虚无主义。
【答案】You are peddling national nihilism.
5. 他与侵略者合作，出卖了自己的国家。
【答案】He collaborated with the invaders and betrayed his motherland.
6. 我们应加强合作。
【答案】We should enhance our mutual cooperation.
7. 他醉心于医学研究。
【答案】He is deeply engrossed in medical research.
8. 那个人醉心名利。
【答案】That chap is infatuated with fame and fortune.
9. 坚决制止新的毁林开荒。
【答案】It shall be strictly prohibited that more forests and pastures be turned onto farmland.
10. 中国的经济是一个大问题。
【答案】China’s economy is a major question.
11. 这个犟孩子不肯听父母的劝告。
【答案】The stubborn boy refused to listen to his parent’s suggestions.
12. 他以顽强的毅力完成了这项工作。
【答案】He finished the work with stubborn effort.