何兆熊《综合教程(6)》(第2版)学习指南【词汇短语+课文精解+全文翻译+练习答案】
上QQ阅读APP看本书,新人免费读10天
设备和账号都新为新人

Unit 4

一、词汇短语

Text I

matriculation [mE7trikju5leiFEn] n. 入学考试;大学入学许可;录取入学

【例句】I’ll go to college if I pass the Matriculation Exam. 如果我通过了升学考试我将去上大学。

fixation [fik5seiFEn] n. 注视,凝视,全神贯注;痴迷

【例句】The country’s fixation on the war may delay a serious examination of domestic needs.

该国对这场战争的执迷不悟可能会令其推迟认真地审视国内需求。

languish [5lAN^wiF] v. 长期受苦;变得衰弱无力

【例句】My interest in music has languished slightly. 我对音乐的兴趣有点减退。

garner [5^B:nE] vt. 获得;储存;把…储入谷仓

n. 谷仓

【例句】Squirrels garner nuts for the winter. 松鼠为过冬储存松果。

first-tier [fE:sttiE] adj 一流的,顶尖的

【例句】He graduated from a first-tier university. 他毕业于一所一流大学。

echelon [5eFElCn] n. 梯形;梯次编队;梯阵;阶层

vi. 形成梯队

vt. 排成梯队

【例句】The bloody attack drew condemnation from Israel’s top political echelon. 血腥的袭击引起了以色列高级政治阶层的谴责。

bound [baund] n. 界限,范围

v. 跳动,跳跃;跳回,弹回

adj. 开往…的

【例句】Our joy knew no bounds. 我们快乐无比。

We are bound for home. 我们打算回家。

【词组】out of bounds越轨,超越限度;禁止入内

be bound to注定

be bound up with与…有密切联系

be bound by 受…约束;由…联系起来

【助记】和round( n. 圆)一起记

【派生】boundary n. 边界;范围;分界线

rue [ru:] v. 对(某事物)感到懊悔

【例句】You will live to rue the loss of such a good opportunity. 对失去这么好的一次机会,你将来总有一天会后悔的。

requisite [5rekwizit] adj. 必要的,必不可少的

【例句】Decision is a quality requisite to a leader. 果断是领导者必备的素质。

【搭配】have/lack the requisite capital to start a business有(没有)创业所需的资金

mediate [5mi:diit, -djEt] v. 调停,斡旋

【例句】The state must mediate the struggle for water resources. 政府必须通过调解来解决对水资源的争夺。

niche [nitF] n. 合适的职业

【例句】Simon Lane quickly found his niche as a busy freelance model maker.

西蒙·莱恩很快找到了合适的工作,成为了一名忙碌的自由职业模型工。

credentials [kri5denFEl] n. 资格证书,国书;(个人能力及信用的)证明书,证件

【例句】She has the perfect credentials for the job. 她做这工作完全够格。

curriculum vitae [kE5rikjulEm 5vi:taI] n. 简历

gabbiness [5^Abinis] n. 健谈;喋喋不休

whereof [(h)wZEr5Cv] adv. 关于什么;关于那事;以什么的

【例句】They were the earliest poets whereof there is record. 他们是有记载的最早的诗人。

unalloyed [5QnE5lCid] adj. 纯粹的

【例句】She had not protested, to anyone, and thus her guilt was unalloyed. 她没有向任何人提过抗议,可见她的罪过是深重的。

banal [bE5nB:l] adj. 陈腐的,平庸的,乏味的

【例句】The restaurant serves banal food. 那家饭馆供给的饭菜全无特色。

【词组】a banal joke [question] 陈腐的笑话(问题)

【助记】ban + all 禁止一切(活动及权力),(社会)就会平庸陈腐,不应闭关锁

self-aggrandizing [5self E5^rAndaiziN] adj. 自夸的;自高自大的

【例句】Anytime a self-aggrandizing dictator can have someone killed at the snap of a finger.

一个自高自大的独裁者能随时杀人不眨眼。

punitive [5pju:nitiv] adj. 惩罚的,刑罚的;严厉的

【例句】They took punitive measures against the whole gang. 他们对整帮人采取惩罚性措施。

cribbage [5krIbIdV] n. 克里比奇牌戏(纸牌玩法之一)

infuriating [in5fjuErieitiN] adj. 令人大怒的

【例句】It is very infuriating. 这很使人恼火。

validate [5vAlideit] v. (使)有效;(使)成立;确认,验证

【例句】Do these results validate his theory? 这些结果证实了他的理论吗?

【词组】validate code验证码

【派生】validation n. 确认;批准;生效

【助记】由validate联想到:valid( adj. 有根据的;生效的);validity( n. 有效,合法)。

top-flight [tCpflait] adj. 第一流的,最高的

【例句】Japanese imperialism was our first top-flight teacher by negative example. 日本帝国主义是我们第一个很好的反面教材。

irrevocable [i5revEkEbl] adj. 不可改变的;不能取消的;不能挽回的

【例句】The decision has been made and is irrevocable. 木已成舟已作出决定,无法反悔

【词组】irrevocable letter of credit 不可撤销信用证

【助记】ir 否定 + revocable可取消的

chucklehead [`tFQklhed] n. 傻瓜;笨蛋

belligerence [bI5lIdVErEns] n. 斗争性;好战性;交战

【例句】The striking worker appears to be handcuff to a position of belligerence from which they cannot extricate themselves. 罢工的工人似乎被束缚在交战状态,而不能从中解脱出来。

taunt [tC:nt] v. 讽刺,奚落,嘲笑人的话

【例句】He would laugh at any one who tried to taunt him. 谁敢骂他,他就嘲弄谁。

His genial sufficiency was a taunt and a mockery to many.

他那么和蔼自满的态度,许多人都认为是一种辱骂和嘲弄。

【搭配】taunt sb. (with sth.) 用嘲笑来激怒,嘲弄

prep [prep] n. 预备;预习;准备功课

vi. 上预备学校;作好准备

vt. 使准备好;使(病人)准备接受手术

【例句】All my aunts and uncles talked it over as if they were choosing a prep school for me.

我的叔伯姑姨们商量了一番,俨然是在为我挑选一家预备学校。

screwup [`skrU: Qp] n. 弄糟事情的人

grandiose [5^rAndiEus] adj. 浮夸的,夸大的,铺张的

【例句】She had some grandiose plan to start up her own company. 她有个野心勃勃的大计划,想独立创办公司。

delivery [di5livEri] n. 交付,投递,交出;分娩;演讲的风格(方式)

【例句】There is no delivery of letters on Sundays. 星期日不送信。

progeny [5prCdVini] n. 子孙;后裔;成果

【例句】Her numerous progeny were all asleep. 她的孩子们都睡着了。

skulk [skQlk] vi. 潜伏;偷偷隐躲;逃避责任;偷偷摸摸地行走

n. 躲藏者;逃避责任者;潜行的人或动物

【例句】The burglar skulk behind the door when he hear someone talking. 当窃贼听到有人谈话时就躲到了门后。

jeopardy [5dVepEdi] n. 危险;(被告处于被判罪或受处罚的)危险境地

【例句】The villagers’ lives were in jeopardy during the blizzard. 暴风雪肆虐期间,村民们的生命处于危险之中。

glum [^lQm] adj. 阴郁的,闷闷不乐的

【例句】He is glum about world affairs. 他对世界形势感到怏怏不乐。

hurdle [5hE:dl] n. 赛跑用的跳栏,障碍,困难

v. 进行跨栏赛

【例句】The final hurdles have been removed. 最后的障碍已被排除了。

disown [dis5Eun] vt. 否认;脱离关系

【例句】The man be so cruel that his friend disown him. 那家伙太残忍,朋友们都和他断绝关系。

sequel [5si:kwEl] n. 结局,后果;续集,续篇

【例句】His speech had an unfortunate sequel, in that it caused a riot.

他的演说产生了不幸的后果,由之引发一场骚乱。

dotty [5dCti] adj. 薄弱的;多点的;精神不定的

【例句】Not another of your dotty ideas for making money! 你不要再出那些赚钱的馊主意了!

high-profile [`haI5prEufail] adj. 高调的;备受瞩目的;知名度高的

【例句】Some of the problems are common to high-profile, visionary projects across China. 有些问题普遍存在于中国的那些高调和宏大的项目中。

renown [ri5naun] n. 名声,声誉

【例句】Seldom has a city gained such world renown. 很少有哪一个城市能在世界上享有这样的盛名。

【搭配】win renown获得…的声誉

an artist of great renown极有名望的艺术家

juncture [5dVQNktFE] n. 关键时刻;连接,结合点

【例句】At this juncture in our nation’s affairs, we need firm leadership. 国家事务于此关键时刻,我们需要坚强的领导。

high-strung [`haI`strQN] adj. 高度紧张的;敏感的;容易兴奋的

【例句】I really believe that he was a finely organized high-strung man. 我的确相信他是一个天生文弱的神经过敏的人。

darned [dB:nd] adj. 岂有此理的;可恨的;该死的

adv. 可恨地;岂有此理地(damned的委婉表达)

【例句】“A talking pig!” He exclaimed. “Well, I’ll be darned.”

“一头会说话的猪!”他惊叫到,“啊,我太惊奇了”。

interject [7intE(:)5dVekt] v. 突然插入,插话,打断(别人的话)

【例句】When I bring up the question of fund, he quickly interjects that it has been settled.

我刚提出筹集基金的问题,他急忙插嘴说问题已经解决了。

【助记】inter(向内)+ject(投掷,喷射)→插入

repertory [5repEtEri] n. 轮演剧目;(某一艺术团体、演员、音乐家等可随时演出的)全部节目;仓库,库存,贮存

【例句】She acted with a repertory company for three years. 她在一个轮演剧目剧团里演出了三年。

dragoon [drE5^u:n] vt. 强制;以武力迫害;镇压

n. 骑兵;龙骑兵

【例句】The history professor had dragooned me into taking the exam. 那个历史教授迫使我参加考试。

sedulous [5sedjulEs] adj. 聚精会神的;勤勉的;勤苦工作的

【例句】He is indeed a sedulous student. 他的确是一名孜孜不倦的学生。

winnow [5winEu] vt. 簸;把…挑出来;精选

vi. 分出好坏;扬谷

n. 扬谷;扬谷器

【例句】A police officer must know how to winnow the truth from the mass of conflicting evidence. 身为一名警察,必须知道如何从大量相互矛盾的证据中去伪存真。

panini [`pB:nIni:] n. 意式三明治

ornery [5C:nEri] adj. 坏脾气的;低劣的

【例句】The old lady was still being ornery, but at least she had consented to this visit.

这位老太太还是这么脾气暴躁,为人刻薄,但至少她已经同意了此次拜访。

flat-out [`flAt`aJt] adj. 直率的;坦白的;最高的

adv. 坦白地;直率地;以最高速

【例句】He stated his opinion flat-out他直截了当地说出了自己的观点。

Text II

elite [ei5li:t] n. 精华,精英,中坚

【例句】The army was controlled by a small elite of officers. 军队由军官中的少数精英控制。

【助记】源自elect,lit,light过去分词,亮光,elect选举出来的light耀眼的名人们。

setback [5setbAk] n. 挫折,挫败

【例句】He has pulled in his horns since that setback. 碰了钉子以后,他收敛些了。

【助记】set 调整 + back,调整回去

affluence [5AfluEns] n. 富裕;丰富;流入;汇聚

【例句】Advancing technology and affluence make it easier to modify living conditions and the management of resource. 由于科学技术不断发展,人们日益富裕,使得生活条件和资源的管理更加容易调节。

cutthroat [5kQtWrEJt] adj. 残酷的;杀人的;剧烈的

n. 谋杀者;凶手

【例句】It is extremely difficult to launch a new product in the face of cutthroat competition from rival producers. 面对竞争对手们异常激烈的竞争,要开发一种新产品是极其困难的。

affiliate [E5filieit] v. (指团体)加入(联合),使隶属,附属于

【例句】Our club is affiliated to a national organization of similar clubs.

我们的俱乐部加入了同类俱乐部的全国组织。

【搭配】affiliate with交往

【助记】af(向…)+filiate(使加入)→使加入

abundant [E5bQndEnt] adj. 大量的,充裕的,丰富的

【例句】The country is abundant in natural resources. 那个国家自然资源丰富。

【词组】abundant in 富于;富有

an abundant harvest丰收

anecdotal [7Anek5dEutl] adj. 轶事的;轶事一样的;多轶事的

【例句】That book is pleasantly anecdotal. 那本书中有许多有趣的轶事。

hail [heil] n. 冰雹;致敬;招呼;一阵

vt. 致敬;招呼;向…欢呼;猛发;使象下雹样落下

vi. 招呼;下雹

int. 万岁;欢迎

【例句】An old friend hailed me from the other side of the street. 一个老朋友从街的对面喊我。

It’s hailing outside. 外面在下冰雹。

【词组】hail from来自或发源于,(车、船)来自;(人)出生于

【助记】音:嗨,hi,见面找招呼,致敬的声音,也可想做冰雹掉下打在头上疼而发出的音。

entrant [5entrEnt] n. 参加比赛者,新就业者,新学员,新成员

【例句】He applied for entrant to university 3 years ago. 3年前他申请参加大学入学考试。

aptitude [5Aptitju:d] n. 自然倾向,天生才能;能力,才能

【例句】He is a boy of remarkable aptitude. 他是一个神童。

He drifted into publishing and discovered an aptitude for working with accounts.

他偶入出版界,发现自己具有管账的天资。

【词组】have an aptitude for有…的天性,有…的才能

have an aptitude to(vices)易染(恶习)

dispassionate [dis5pAFEnit] adj. 不带感情的;平心静气的;公平的

【例句】A journalist should be a dispassionate reporter of fact. 一个记者应该是一个对于事实的客观冷静的报道者。

composed [kEm5pEuzd] adj. 镇静的;沉着的

【例句】Faced with emergency, Laura was very calm and composed.

在面临紧急状况时,劳拉依然非常冷静而镇定。

masquerade [7mAskE5reid, mB:s-] v. 化装;伪装

n. 伪装;化妆舞会

【例句】He tried to make us act plays and to enter into masquerade.

他试着指导我们排演戏剧,还让我们举行化装舞会。

preoccupied [pri:`CkjJpaId] adj. 全神贯注的;心事重重的;被先占的

【例句】I was too preoccupied to hear the bell. 当时我出神地想着心事,没有听见门铃响。

prowess [5praJIs] n. 英勇,杰出的才能

【例句】The young student from the theatrical school showed great prowess at acting in the play.

这个戏剧学校的学生在这出戏中显示出了非凡的演技。

omen [5Eumen] n. 征兆,预兆

【例句】The clouds omen rain. 这乌云预示要下雨。

【词组】an omen of success成功的预兆

be of good [bad, ill] omen兆头好 [不好]

【助记】omen→women( pl. 女人)→女人发出的预兆