三、中日岛争危机管控如何实现“长治久安”
当下,中日政府都十分赞成并致力于岛屿领土主权争端的危机管控,目的是要使争端不影响中日关系发展的大局。但是,中日岛争危机管控究竟能维持多久,危机管控建立在何种基础上才能“长治久安”。两国间一有风吹草动马上就会矛盾激化,争端升级,双边关系就会重蹈覆辙,跌入低谷。20世纪70年代初,实现中日邦交正常化前夕,日方首脑提出如何解决钓鱼岛问题,中方领导人回答得非常干脆“暂且放一放”。1978年,邓小平副总理访日期间,对解决中日岛争问题提出了“搁置争议,共同开发”的八字方针。当时许多国人想不通,以为我国在领土主权大是大非问题上态度暧昧,立场不坚定。日方也以为中方“理亏”而懦弱,于是有恃无恐、得寸进尺,不断挑衅中方岛屿的领土主权。直到2010年发生“9·7”渔船事件以及2012年“9·10”购岛国有化事件之后,日方才真正懂得中方对主权领土问题历来毫不含糊,一贯态度坚决、立场坚定。中国领导人对中日岛争的原因看得非常清楚,对争端实质十分了解,解决问题的思路相当深远。中日岛争明显是美国故意制造的陷阱,美国并非真正要帮助日本夺得岛屿领土,否则,不会只归还“施政权”,主权问题由双方自行讨论解决;其目的是要挑起亚洲两个大国之间的矛盾,如果中日世世代代友好下去不仅对双方发展有利,而且对振兴亚洲和平发展必将作出贡献,届时美国在亚太地区就没有了立足之地。所以,美国50年前就利用岛争给中日之间打下了楔子,当中日睦邻友好和平共处之时它就要点火,挑拨双方争吵。一旦发生争吵,到了剑拔弩张,一触即发不可收拾的地步,美国又主动出面调停,充当老大,装作好人。无论是“9·7”渔船事件,还是“9·10”购岛国有化事件,最终出面收拾“残局”的都是美国。从这两起事件中,中日双方都应该清楚地看到,美国才是挑起中日岛争的真正元凶,至今还是左右中日岛争的幕后策划者。美国根本不是要为日本争取领土主权,而是为日本找到一个制衡它的对手。严格地讲,日俄领土争端、日韩领土争端,背后都有美国的影子。美国鼓吹其所谓的“软实力”,其实质就是通过挑拨当事国之间的矛盾,来达到其不可告人之目的。
中日岛争危机管控的目的是进一步改善两国关系促进其健康发展;危机管控的意义在于揭穿和破除美国利用岛争破坏中日关系的阴谋;危机管控的作用在于加强中日两国紧密合作为地区乃至全球和平发展做贡献。
Legal Analysis of Disputes over Marine Rights and Interests between China and Japan
YU Zhirong DONG Faqiang
Abstract:In recent years,tensions between China and Japan have greatly improved.Its main manifestations are as follows:the leaders of the two countries have contacted and held talks for many times,frequent visits by senior officials of the two countries have played a positive role in improving bilateral relations and enhancing mutual understanding and trust between the two sides;resumption of high-level consultation on ocean affairs between China and Japan,broadening the frequency of issues and achieving remarkable results;and ushering in the Sino-Japanese diplomatic relations.On the occasion of the 45th Anniversary of normalization and the 40th anniversary of the conclusion of the Treaty of Peace and Friendship,civil exchanges between China and Japan are also very active.Especially,the two-track exchanges between private think tanks have played an irreplaceableroleinimprovingSino-Japaneserelations,strengtheningthe management and control of Sino-Japanese marine crisis and promoting cooperation in the marine field.In the special year of 2018,the exchanges between Chinese and Japanese marine experts and scholars are very frequent.Through direct dialogues,such as seminars and exchange of views,we have deepened mutual understanding and enhanced mutual friendship,and created good conditions and environment for resolving the old and difficult problems existing in the disputes over maritime rights and interests between the two countries,as well as some emerging substantive issues.Through discussions and dialogues between the two sides,Japan has reached consensus on the transfer of China Maritime Police Bureau,which undertakes the normal cruise mission of Diaoyu Island,the implementation of the principle consensus on the development of resources in the East China Sea between China and Japan,and how to achieve“long-term stability”in the crisis management and control over the Sino-Japanese Island dispute.This will further improve Sino-Japanese relations and promote the healthy development of Sino-Japanese relations.
Key Words:China and Japan;Maritime Rights and Interests;Disputes;Legal Analysis
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