Abstract

Ageing，which refers to the dynamic development trend of the proportion of the elderly population in the total population，is a product of economic and social development，as well as a major issue human society has to face in the 21st century. Its influence is wide-ranging in almost all fields and all levels，including people’s livelihood，economy，culture，politics，even urban and rural，regional and international strategic patterns. Aging constitutes a cognitive background and basic force for reshaping human society with informatization，urbanization，and globalization，In 2018，Chinese demographic structure began to change. At the beginning of the year，the annual growth of the elderly population exceeded 10 million for the first time. At the end of the year，the number of births declined sharply，and the birth rate fell to a historical low. The working-age population dropped below 900 million for the first time，five years earlier than expected. There was a strong impact of aging on Chinese livelihood，economy and society throughout the year. Therefore people are waiting for a “Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains” which represent a outline of a future about the aging society，in order to form a cognitive system and action strategy for the aging society.

Under the guidance from the experts and scholars of the 30-person forum of the aging society，as well as on the basis of launched the “Top Ten Issues in the Ageing Society” and the “Aging Society Consensus of the Aged Society”，the Pangoal Ageing Society Research Center started research on the dynamics and development trend of global aging，Chinese aging development process，aging social representation，aging social and economic development，public policy recommendations，etc. The main points are as follows：

The main powers of aging are longevity，lower birth rate and migration. The longevity of life is an engine of aging which drives the expansion of the top of the population age pyramid. Meanwhile，birth rate consistently decreased is a booster of aging，which pushes the bottom of the population age pyramid to continue to decline. What’s more large-scale migration are the aging transformers that exacerbate or alleviate changes in the age structure of the local population. Compared with developed countries，under multiple policies such as reform and opening up，family planning，and urbanization，China has led to rapid growth in life expectancy，rapid decline in birth rate，and rapid migration，which has enabled China to catch up the aging level that developed countries have often reached in a few hundred years in just few decades.

According to the global aging process，the aging of developed countries is the earliest，while the aging of developing countries is faster，and the global aging is the trend of the times. From the perspective of Chinese aging process，with the attention and actions of the country and society on aging，as well as the development of the economy，China has translated from “never prepared for the old” to “get rich and old together”.

Compared with younger society，the world outlook，outlook on life，and values of each group in the aging society will produce a different characterization than before.

Through newly constructing a series of specific cultural expressions and social behaviors of life in life，tradition，ethic and families. First of all，from the perspective of demographic characteristics，the individual’s life length，life cycle，and lifestyle have changed significantly；the total population，the number of working-age population，and the number of the senior rose before fell；the proportion of the elderly and children exchanged，which makes the age structure of the population inverted；the imbalance between urban and rural distribution and regional distribution is salient. Second，according to the social relations，families structure changes a lot. Therefore，the burden of pension has become heavier，as well as the contradictions from generation gaps of families and society have increased. Meanwhile the methods of families participating in society have become diverse. Third，from the perspective of social rules，the social status of the aging has increased，moreover，the role of society has enhanced；the focus of the social management system has shifted. Forth，from the cultural psychology，the core of traditional culture about “filial piety” has changed，and the cultural forms are more diverse. However，the whole society prepared for the ageing society inadequately.

Although the aging society is related to people’s livelihood，more importantly，it is related to economy. The economic sustainable development which is under the aging society is the key opportunity and challenge of aging. To promote the sustainable development of an aging society，it is necessary to re-examine and change the traditional economic theory，economic model，production mode，growth momentum，industrial structure，income distribution，market supply and demand from supply，demand，competition and innovation. In the context of aging and the rapid growth of the economy，it is imminent for China to productivity，in order to avoid structural unemployment，rising labor costs and other contradictions. Meanwhile，focusing on the large number of new demands spawned by the aging society，and with the development of information technology，“Internet Plus” can give more elderly people ability and energy，which can make them participate in economic and social activities. In addition，the pension products and service demand，which are suitable for the elderly and help them，will become more multilevel diversification，as well as related industries meet development opportunities. Increasing public product investment，taking aging as a consideration for smart city construction are all new economic growth points under the new situation of aging society.

To welcome the aging society actively，the leading role of the government is crucial.Therefore，government should give full play to public service and management functions. In addition，according to principles of participation，inclusion，integration，precision，and sustainability，highlighting differences，fairness，comprehensiveness，and innovation，government have to formulate population policies，safeguard policies，industrial policies and encourage technological progress scientifically to accelerate institutional innovation from young to old age.

Generally speaking，the opportunities and challenges brought by the aging society are global，long-term，irreversible，not partial and temporary；they are not only for the elderly，but also for social security. Facing an aging society，it is necessary to break the thinking shackles of the aging society，which aim to solve the problem of caring for the elderly，stand in the dimension of economic development and social sustainability，fully recognize the huge potential value of the aging society，promote market innovation，social innovation and policy innovation，and promote the innovation platform，models，products and lifestyles to adapt to the aging society actively，thus creating a happy and beautiful society that can pursue a better life at any age.