第二章 产能合作

摘要

我国产能合作是从“引进来”开始的。通过实施“引进来”战略，我国不仅将国外的资金、技术、管理等引进来，而且奠定了制造业大国的地位，并逐渐具备了“走出去”开展更高层次、更宽领域国际产能合作的基本条件。目前，我国国际产能合作具有地域分布广泛、合作领域多元、主体结构改善、双赢效果显著等特征。但是，我国产能合作尚存总体规模不大、结构不均衡、整体绩效不高及风险防控能力不足等问题，主要原因是政府对外合作管理职能不完善、对外投资政策法律制度不完备和国际产能合作保障体系不健全。国际产能合作的优化思路与战略选择是：在主体选择上，完善国有企业的经营机制，加大对民营企业的扶持力度；在区域选择上，将资源与劳动密集型产业向发展中国家转移，“优势产业”向欧美发达国家扩散；在产业选择上，优先扶持战略性新兴产业发展，协调规划传统产业的转型与升级。国际产能合作的政策建议是：在政府职能上，理顺对外合作管理职能，制定宏观政策性规划，健全国际产能合作机制；在政策法律制度上，加快对外投资法律体系的建设，完善对外直接投资政策体系；在保障体系上，培育专业服务机构，强化专业人才储备，强化境外投资风险防控。

Abstract

China's industrial capacity cooperation is starting from the bringing-in strategy.Through the implementation of the bringing-in strategy,China not only introduce foreign capital,technology,management and so on,but also laid the status of manufacturing power.At present,the geographical distribution of cooperation is widely,the areas of cooperation are still expanding constantly,the structure of cooperation has been optimized continuously,the win-win effect of cooperation is remarkable,and China gradually has the basic conditions to carry out the“going out”strategy on a higher level and broader field.However,there are still some significant problems in China's international industrial capacity cooperation.That is,the scale is small,the structure is imbalance,the overall performance is not high,risk control ability is insufficient,etc.The main reason is the function of the government's foreign cooperation management is not perfect,foreign investment policy and legal system is not complete,and the supporting system is not perfect.The optimization strategy and strategic choice is perfecting the management mechanism of the state-owned enterprises and strengthening the support of private enterprises,transferring the“comparative disadvantage industries”to developing countries and the“comparative advantage industry”to developed countries in Europe and the United States,giving priority to supporting the development of strategic emerging industries and coordinate upgrading of traditional industries.The policy recommendations are rationalizing the functions of foreign cooperative management and formulating the macro policy planning to optimize Government Functions,accelerating the construction of legal system of foreign investment and improving the foreign direct investment policy system to optimize political institution,developing professional service organizations and cultivating professional talents to optimize the supporting system.