第二章 记叙文

记叙文难度介于应用文和论说文之间，记叙文的特点是有完整情节，文章中会有具体的时间、人物和地点。在读记叙文的时候建议大家完整地读文章，要把握文章所讲故事的大概轮廓。记叙文做题时一边把握文章情节一边做题即可。记叙文的考题一般都是考细节，我们对于细节题的处理依然遵循“定位—理解—比对”这样一条思路。细节题一定要注重定位，所以在前面应用文中所训练的定位能力在这里依然是解题的一个基础。我们现在以“2007北京C”这篇文章为例来详细讲解一下做记叙文阅读题的方法。

2007北京C

Lying in the sun on a rock，the cougar（美洲狮）saw Jeb and his son，Tom before they saw it.Jeb put his bag down quickly and pulled his jacket open with both hands，making himself look big to the cougar.It worked.The cougar hesitated，ready to attack Jeb，but ready to forget the whole thing，too.

Jeb let go of his jacket，grasped Tom and held him across his body，making a cross.Now the cougar’s enemy looked even bigger，and it rose up，ready to move away，but unfortunately Tom got scared and struggled free of Jeb.

“Tom，no，”shouted his father.

But Tom broke and ran and that’s the last thing you do with a cougar.The second Tom broke free，Jeb threw himself on the cougar，just as it jumped from the rock.They hit each other in mid-air and both fell.The cougar was on Jeb in a flash，forgetting about Tom，which was what Jeb wanted.

Cougars are not as big as most people think and a determined man stands a chance，even with just his fists.As the cougar’s claws（爪子）got into his left shoulder，Jeb swung his fist at its eyes and hit hard.The animal howled（吼叫）and put its head back.Jeb followed up with his other fist.Then out of the corner of his eye，Jeb saw Tom.The boy was running back to help his father.

“Knife，Tom，”shouted Jeb.

The boy ran to his father’s bag，while Jeb started shouting as well as hitting，to keep the cougar’s attention away from Tom.Tom got the knife and ran over to Jeb.The cougar was moving its head in and out，trying to find a way through the wall Jeb was making out of his arms.Tom swung with the knife，into the cougar’s back.It howled horribly and ran off into the mountains.

The whole fight had taken about thirty seconds.

63.Why did Jeb pull his jacket open when he saw the cougar?

A.To get ready to fight. B.To frighten it away.

C.To protect the boy. D.To cool down.

64.What do we know about cougars?

A.They are afraid of noises. B.They hesitate before they hit.

C.They are bigger than we think. D.They like to attack running people.

65.How did Jeb try to hold the cougar’s attention?

A.By keeping shouting and hitting. B.By making a wall out of his arms.

C.By throwing himself on the cougar. D.By swinging his fists at the cougar’s eyes.

66.Which of the following happened first?

A.The cougar jumped from the rock. B.Tom struggled free of his father.

C.Jeb asked Tom to get the knife. D.Jeb held Tom across his body.

核心词汇及短语

■hesitate

释义：vi. 踌躇，犹豫；不愿

搭配：hesitate to do sth.做某事很犹豫

例句：Sometimes we over-analyze our next move and hesitate in fear that we may not get it right.

译文：有时我们过度地分析了下一步情况而产生犹豫，担心我们可能做不好。

■struggle

释义：①vi.奋斗，努力；挣扎

搭配：struggle through挣扎着度过（难关）

例句：They had to struggle against all kinds of difficulties.

译文：他们不得不同各种困境斗争。

②n.努力，奋斗；竞争

搭配：rough struggle激烈争夺

例句：Several people were hurt in the struggle.

译文：在打斗中有几个人受伤了。

■determined

释义：①adj.决定了的；坚决的

搭配：be determined to do sth.决意做某事

例句：His enemies are determined to ruin him.

译文：他的敌人决意要毁了他。

②v.决定；断定（determine的过去分词）

例句：What is cool，or valuable，is determined only by the views of others.

译文：什么是时尚的，什么是有价值的，这只能由他人的意见决定。

■stand a chance

释义：有希望；有可能

搭配：stand a chance of有……的希望／可能

例句：Grown-ups stand a chance of benefiting from virtual reality technology，too.

译文：成年人也有希望从虚拟技术中获益。

■horribly

释义：adv. 可怕地；非常地

例句：It is horribly stressful to do something you know you’re not good at.

译文：当你知道你在做你不擅长的事时，你会有非常大的压力。

难句分析

01 But Tom broke and ran and that's the last thing you do with a cougar.

【句子主干】But Tom broke and ran and that’s the last thing

【句法分析】主干为But Tom broke and ran和that’s the last thing构成的并列句，you do with a cougar定语从句修饰thing，thing与从句之间省略了关系词that，that在从句中做do的宾语，即you do that with a cougar。

【参考译文】但是汤姆挣脱掉并跑开了，然而这是他最不应该对美洲狮做的事情。

02 The second Tom broke free，Jeb threw himself on the cougar，just as it jumped from the rock.

【句子主干】Jeb threw himself on the cougar

【句法分析】The second Tom broke free和just as it jumped from the rock是两个时间状语从句；引导词the second意思是“一……就……”，表明汤姆一挣脱掉，杰布就纵身扑向美洲狮；引导词just as意思是“正当……的时候”，表明当时美洲狮正从岩石上跳起。

【参考译文】就在汤姆挣脱掉的一刹那，杰布纵身扑向同时从岩石上跳起的美洲狮。

答案解析

63.【答案】B 【考点】这道题是细节题

【解析】正确选项分析：我们审题的时候找到这道题的定位词jacket，在读文章的过程中要注意这个词。这里与之前应用文的做法有所不同，应用文只要找到这个词出现的位置就行了，而对于记叙文则要在理解的过程中找到这个词。我们在第一段中读到：Jeb put his bag down quickly and pulled his jacket open with both hands，making himself look big to the cougar.那么Jeb双手撑开他的夹克衫就是为了让自己看起来大一些，这样可以吓唬美洲狮。后面这句话印证了这个理解：It worked.The cougar hesitated…这个做法起效了，美洲豹犹豫了。所以B选项正确。

错误选项分析：A和D好排除，有同学误选C，理由是父亲这么做最终还是为了保护孩子。这种思维属于发散思维，是一种不严谨的思维方式，我们在英语考试中一定注意不要发散，这里撑开夹克衫直接的原因就是吓唬美洲狮。

64.【答案】D 【考点】这道题是推理题

【解析】正确选项分析：这道题题干中的名词cougars文章多次提及，所以定位意义不大。要从选项逐一判断。读到第四段第一句：But Tom broke and ran and that’s the last thing you do with a cougar.表明Tom在美洲狮面前是不应该跑的，可以推测美洲狮容易攻击那些跑的人。后面这句话印证了这一点：The second Tom broke free，Jeb threw himself on the cougar，just as it jumped from the rock.Tom开始跑的时候，美洲狮就发动了攻击。

错误选项分析：A选项用noises定位，定位到倒数第二段首句：The boy ran to his father’s bag，while Jeb started shouting as well as hitting，to keep the cougar’s attention away from Tom.这里并没有说美洲狮害怕噪音。B选项的来源在第一段中：The cougar hesitated…这并不表明美洲狮都有这个特点，它只是有点吓到了而已。C选项讲美洲狮大小，我们看到第五段第一句：Cougars are not as big as most people think…可知美洲狮没有人们想的那么大，C选项讲反了。

65.【答案】A 【考点】这道题是细节题

【解析】正确选项分析：这道题用“the cougar’s attention”定位，找到倒数第二段第一句：The boy ran to his father’s bag，while Jeb started shouting as well as hitting，to keep the cougar’s attention away from Tom.可知A选项正确。

错误选项分析：这道题定位准确后可直接选出答案。

66.【答案】D 【考点】这道题是推理题

【解析】正确选项分析：这篇文章读清楚了就能直接选出答案。不清楚的话，就用选项逐一定位，回原文判断哪个最先发生。这四个选项的顺序是：D—B—A—C。

错误选项分析：定位清楚后错误答案干扰性不强。

全文翻译

趴在阳光下的一块岩石上的美洲狮发现了杰布和他的儿子汤姆，随后他们也发现了它。杰布赶紧放下背包，然后用双手扯开身上的夹克，以便让自己在这只狮子面前看上去强大些。这招奏效了。美洲狮犹豫了，准备攻击杰布，但又准备干脆放弃。

杰布松开他的夹克，抓起汤姆并将其横抱在胸前，两人呈十字形。现在美洲狮的对手看似更加强大，因此它站起来，准备离去；但不幸的是，汤姆受到惊吓并从杰布怀里挣脱开来。

“汤姆，不要！”他的父亲喊道。

但是汤姆挣脱掉并跑开了，然而这是每个人应对美洲狮时最不应做的事。就在汤姆挣脱掉的一刹那，杰布纵身扑向同时从岩石上跳起的美洲狮。他们在半空中相撞，然后双双落地。美洲狮瞬间扑到了杰布的身上。它把汤姆忘掉了，这正是杰布想要的。

美洲狮并没有多数人想的那么强大，一个人只要有决心就有希望打败它，哪怕赤手空拳。当美洲狮的利爪刺进杰布的左肩时，杰布挥动着他的拳头，瞄向它的双眼用力击打。这野兽吼叫着将头缩了回去。杰布用另一只拳头紧跟上去。接着从眼角的余光中，杰布瞥见了汤姆，小家伙正跑回来帮助他的父亲了。

“刀，汤姆，”杰布喊道。

小家伙跑向父亲的背包，而此时杰布是边打边喊，以使美洲狮的注意力远离汤姆。汤姆拿到刀，然后跑向杰布。美洲狮反复不断地将自己的头伸向杰布，试图突破杰布用他的手臂做成的墙壁。汤姆挥起刀，砍向美洲狮的后背。它悲惨地吼叫着，往深山里逃去。

整个打斗用了约30秒。