第二部分 方法介绍
第一章 应用文
应用文主要包括广告和通知，这类文章特点是信息量大，但信息点零散。这种体裁主要考查学生定位信息的能力，而对于理解力的考查是其次。
在浩瀚的信息中快速而准确地找到我们所需要的信息是一项基本的阅读能力，这是在读中文时大部分同学已经具备了的。比如，我给你一份报纸，说其中有个关于某歌手最近要开演唱会的信息，让你帮我找出来。你肯定可以很快完成这个任务，你会在报纸中寻找这个歌手的名字，然后找到相关新闻。在英语阅读的过程中道理是一样的，只是对英语的陌生感让我们定位时倍感压力。
没关系，让我们先来把方法理清楚。我们在定位某个信息时，首先要在题干中选好定位词，选择定位词的依据是这个词最好不会被改写，题干当中有，到了文章当中还要有。那么什么词适合当定位词呢？1.我们优选名词来定位。我们在题干中最常遇到的词应该是三类：名词；动词；形容词和副词。我们应该选择名词来定位，因为这三类词当中，名词最不容易被改写，尤其是专有名词（包括人名、地名和机构名）。2.有些题干中会有数字出现，数字也不易改写，而且我们对数字会比较敏感。如果有数字，当然也可选其定位。3.如果没有以上两者，请注意一定要坚定一个概念：定位是一定要做的。如果题干中有动词、形容词或副词，这些词也是可以利用的，但要知道在文中它们很可能会被改写，所以用的话要把这些词翻译成中文，用中文概念去定位。4.题干中如果真的没有定位词可以用——我们管这种题叫分散定位题，比如题干问“根据文章下面哪个选项正确？”。那我们就只能去看选项，在选项中找定位词了。找好定位词以后，我们就回文章寻找，找到这个定位词，其附近一般就是考点信息。然后我们结合这些信息来一一比对和分析选项，再排除错误答案，锁定正确答案。
这种文章不是每年都考，其语言难度一般不大，属于高考阅读中最简单的一种考法。如果遇到这种文章，一定要争取做到全对。
下面我们以2007浙江真题C为例，来做一篇应用文的练习：
2007浙江C
Below is a web page from Google.
Olympic—Modern Olympic Games
The complete results archive of summer and winter Olympic games，with winners lists，statistics，national anthems and flags of all countries since 1896.
www.olympic.it/english/home-16k
Environment
Beijing steel plants to run at the lowest level of cost during 2008 Olympics［2007—03—11］.Beijing able to treat 90 pct of waste water［2007—02—05］.Air quality in Beijing has improved over the past six years［2007—02—01］.Green Olympics dream coming true…
en.beijing2008.com/80/67/column211716780.shtml-52k
Beijing Announces Planned Route of Olympic Torch Relay
Beijing announced the 2008 Olympic Games torch relay route and set off the Olympic Games torch on Thursday.…Green Olympics is one of the three concepts of the Beijing Games.…
english.china.com/zhcn/news/sports/110592227/14069663.html-26k
Environmental Symbol of Beijing Olympics—“Green Olympics”
Environmental symbol of Beijing Olympics—“Green Olympics”，officially announced on Saturday，24September 2005.The symbol，created using a calligraphic art form，is composed of human and tree-like shapes，…
my.opera.com/greenhead/blog/show.dml/92155-18k
Green Olympics Forum in Beijing 2004
On behalf of BOCOC，Wang Wei，executive vice president of BOCOC，gave a presentation about Green Olympics，introduced the environment protection work of BMC and BOCOC，and answered several questions such as protection of cultural relics…
en.beijing2008.com/84/91/article211929184.shtml-36k
Olympic Games Quizzes and Olympic Games Trivia
Who was the founder of the Modern Olympics？In which cities were the modern Olympic Games due to be held／scheduled during the“war years”，i.e.，1916，1940，and 1944？…In which three years of the Modern Olympic Games were…More questions…
www.funtrivia.com/quizzes/sports/olympicgames.html-12k
Official Website of the Olympic Movement
…aimed at young researchers engaged in scholarly research on the Olympic Movement，its history and values，and the impact of the…［Full story］SPORT ACCORD［2005—01—23］…
Ancient Olympic Heritage and Modern Olympic Games in Athens 2004
As put forward in the various official texts，the Olympic symbols of ancient Olympia，the Olympic flame and the Marathon race are bridges between the ancient and the modern Olympic Games，…
www.c2008.org/rendanews/knowledgedetail.asp?id=911-106k
48.When was the environmental symbol of Beijing Olympics made public?
A.On January 23，2005. B.On September 24，2005.
C.On February 5，2007. D.On March 11，2007.
49.Which of the following websites is designed for young researchers interested in the Olympics?
A.Environment.
B.Green Olympics Forum in Beijing 2004.
C.Olympic Games Quizzes and Olympic Games Trivia.
D.Official Website of the Olympic Movement.
50.Which website provides a complete list of the winners in the Olympic Games?
A.Olympic—Modern Olympic Games.
B.Green Olympics Forum in Beijing 2004.
C.Environmental Symbol of Beijing Olympics—“Green Olympics”.
D.Ancient Olympic Heritage and Modern Olympic Games in Athens 2004.
51.What do we learn from the above web page?
A.Beijing has made efforts to improve its air quality.
B.The Olympic torch relay route has not been planned.
C.The Olympic flag will be on display in Athens.
D.A quiz on the Olympics will be held in Beijing.
核心词汇及短语
■set off
释义：出发；动身；引起；使爆炸
例句：Nichols set off for his remote farmhouse in Connecticut.
译文：尼科尔斯启程前往他位于康涅狄格州的偏远农舍。
■concept
释义：n.观念，概念
搭配：marketing concept营销观念
例句：She added that the concept of arranged marriages is misunderstood in the west.
译文：她补充说包办婚姻的概念在西方被误解了。
难句分析
01 On behalf of BOCOC，Wang Wei，executive vice president of BOCOC，gave a presentation about Green Olympics，introduced the environment protection work of BMC and BOCOC，and answered several questions such as protection of cultural relics…
【句子主干】Wang Wei gave a presentation，introduced the environment protection work，and answered several questions.
【句法分析】on behalf of BOCOC做状语，表示代表某组织；executive vice president of BOCOC为插入语，介绍王伟的身份；about Green Olympics为介词短语做后置定语，修饰presentation，表明是关于绿色奥运的介绍；of BMC and BOCOC介词短语做后置定语来修饰work，表明是这两个机构的工作；such as protection of cultural relics做后置定语，说明是像文物保护之类的问题。
【参考译文】BOCOC的行政副主席王伟代表该机构介绍了绿色奥运以及BMC和BOCOC的环境保护工作，并回答了几个像“文物保护”之类的问题。
答案解析
48.【答案】B 【考点】这道题是细节题
【解析】正确选项分析：用题干的名词environmental symbol回文章定位，找到第四个小标题Environmental Symbol of Beijing Olympics—“Green Olympics”。答案在这个标题下第一句：Environmental Symbol of Beijing Olympics—“Green Olympics”，officially announced on Saturday，24September 2005.直接选出B选项。
错误选项分析：A、C和D均与此处时间有出入。这种题只要定位准了，错误答案干扰性并不强。
49.【答案】D 【考点】这道题是细节题
【解析】正确选项分析：用题干中名词young researchers回文章定位，定位到倒数第二个小标题下“…aimed at young researchers…”。小标题即为对应的网站，直接可选出D选项。
错误选项分析：A、B和C提到的网站均与young researchers无关，干扰性不强。
50.【答案】A 【考点】这道题是细节题
【解析】正确选项分析：用题干中winners回文章定位，找到第一个标题下有with winners lists。第一个小标题即为对应的网站。
错误选项分析：B、C和D均与winners无关，干扰性不强。
51.【答案】A 【考点】这道题是主旨题
【解析】正确选项分析：这道题题干中没有合适的定位词，为分散定位题，需要用选项回原文比对，逐一判断正误。A选项中用“Beijing”＋“air quality”回文章定位，在第二个小标题下可找到Air quality in Beijing has improved over the past six years，可以判断这个选项正确。
错误选项分析：B选项用Olympic torch relay route回文章定位，在第三个小标题下有一句Beijing announced the 2008 Olympic Games torch relay route，可知火炬传递线路已经确定，而B选项说路线还没有计划好，故错误。C选项用Olympic flags回文章定位，找到第一个标题下第一句：The complete results archive of summer and winter Olympic games，with winners lists，statistics，nationalanthems and flags of all countries since 1896.C选项中Athens没有来源，故错误。D选项用quiz回文章定位，找到倒数第三个标题Olympic Games Quizzes and Olympic Games Trivia，在这个小标题和内容里都没有提到D选项中的Beijing，故D错误。