Abstract

Scenic area is the main attraction and core carrier for the development of tourism and tourism economy. The speed and quality of regional tourism development largely depends on the development and management of the scenic area. In the process of developing and managing scenic area，many industries and individuals would be involved. Those industries and individuals，who participate in it directly or indirectly，influencing the activity of the scenic area or being influenced by the activity of the scenic area，are called stakeholders. The coordination among them directly affects the development and management of the scenic area. Therefore，a good coordination is an important guarantee for the sustainable development of scenic area.

Tourism，a strategic pillar industry of national economy in China，is developing rapidly. According to the statistical bulletin of the national tourism administration，the total number of tourist in 2012 is nearly 31 trillion person-time，which shows a tendency of growth. With the driving of national macro policy and the stimulation of the tourism demand，many regions with favorable tourism resources start their tourism projects in a row. With the development and management of the resources of scenic area，tourists，tourism supply chain enterprise and some other stakeholders are involved. In this way，the original relatively stable ecological relationship of the community in the scenic area is broken. The community is turned into the scenic spot and community ecosystem thus evolves into the system of stakeholders of the scenic area. As a result，there are more and more members of the system and the relationship among them becomes more and more complex，which would lead to a series of management issues about stakeholders. Based on the theoretical framework of both the Major International Joint Research Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China “Research on Low-carbon Scenic Area Integration Management Model for a Harmonious，Sustainable Development between Tourism Economy and Ecological Environment in Western Regions”（No.71020107027），and Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China “Research on the Sustainable Development Strategy and Evaluation System of the Western Low-carbon Scenic Area”（No.20110181110034），the thesis analyzed the stakeholder system，its attributes and coordination mechanism，and build the coordination mechanism of the stakeholder system which considers the actual conditions of mountain tourism development，by the method of both literature research and questionnaire survey，qualitative and quantitative，from the perspective of system theory，stakeholder theory，conflict management theory，the dissipative structure theory and the principle of social network theory. Besides，the scenic area of Enshi Grand Canyon is analyzed in detail as a case study. Being hot and frontier in topic，the conclusion of the thesis is of great significance in enriching the theory of stakeholders，offer suggestions for the management of stakeholders，improving the efficiency of the scenic area management and realizing the sustainable development of scenic area.

On the basis of comprehensive sort-out of the domestic and foreign literatures，the thesis defined the core concepts，analyzed the evolution process from community system to the stakeholder system which is caused by the development of scenic area and the complexity of the stakeholder system，and evaluated the priority degree of stakeholder by the method of expert scoring method and Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process（FAHP）. The results show that the interest relationship is mainly among investors and managers，employees，community residents and tourists，tourism supply chain enterprises and government，but the interest relationship among pressure groups，competitors and ecological environment can’t be neglected.

In order to clarify the working principle of the coordination mechanism of stakeholder system，the thesis built the logical model of coordination mechanism on the basis of analyzing the appeal and conflicts of the stakeholder and the self-organizing evolvement of the stakeholder system by a combination of disciplines and theories，such as system theory，synergetics，management science and stakeholder theory，social network theory，and so on.

The stakeholder is characteristic of an “economic man”. The differentiation of interest appeal is against the realization of group goals. Based analyzing key factors affecting the relationship of stakeholders，the thesis constructs the coordination mechanism structural model which integrates the public purpose of stakeholder system and builds the self-organizing coordination mechanism and its restraint mechanism to achieve coordination management in scenic area.

The assessment of coordination degree of stakeholder is the basic of designing targeted coordination mechanism. Based on the connotation of the stakeholder system’s coordination degree in scenic area，an index system to evaluate the stakeholder system’s coordination degree is determined and a related scale is developed. Furthermore，a multidimensional evaluation model for coordination degree is constructed on the basis of vector model. Finally，a case study has been made on Enshi Grand Canyon. Through questionnaire survey and statistical analysis，this thesis studies the interest appeal of stakeholder in Enshi Grand Canyon and estimates the coordination degree of the stakeholder system in Enshi Grand Canyon. Furthermore，based on the evaluation results and the actual situation there，the thesis proposed the relation coordination mechanism of stakeholder system in Enshi Grand Canyon.

The innovation of this thesis mainly lies in the following aspects. To begin with，this thesis proposed the concept of stakeholder system from the point of investor. For the first time，the ecological system and environment was considered as one of the stakeholders of a scenic area？explicitly. Then synergetics theory was adopted to analyze the evolution mechanism，the process of self-organization evolution and collaborative emergent of the stakeholder system，followed by constructing the logical and structure model of stakeholder system’s coordination mechanism upon which the coordination mechanism of the stakeholder system was proposed from different points of view. Besides，in the process of evaluating the stakeholders’priority，an interval fuzzy preference relation is taken to improve the accuracy of estimation considering people’s difficulty in understanding the index system and making judgments. Furthermore，a multidimensional evaluation method for coordination degree is proposed to evaluate the coordination degree of stakeholders system，which can help to solve the difficult problem of the computation of multidimensional coordination degree.

Key words：Enshi Grand Canyon，Stakeholder System in Scenic Area，Coordination Degree，Coordination Mechanism