7 研究局限和未来的研究建议

从理论的视角看，应该强调的是，尽管本文研究了特定产业和企业权变对“战略-创新”关系的总体影响，但没有从单独的权变属性层次或从战略和创新属性层次针对此预测效果构建模型。为了模型化战略、创新和权变属性之间的成对关系，仍需要进行深入的理论研究工作，以使此系统方法进一步完善。例如，具体分析替代品对工程适应性选择与创新行为之间的影响，能产生有关市场动态的创新绩效的有价值的观点。可能获得作为杠杆性企业权变的技术能力可能影响差异化的“战略-创新”属性关系，或者当企业专注于满足主流客户的需求时，客户关系管理能力与其潜在的“客户短视”效果可能会阻碍企业的创新行为。此外，中小企业与中介之间关系的作用也值得进一步深入研究。对于旨在通过促进相互合作激励中小企业创新的公共政策而言，这也是一个中心议题，这样可以实现在发展新商业模式时多产生突破性创新。基于此，中介组织拓宽对超出单个产品和过程方法的创新的认识范围的能力是必要的[65]。尽管已具有显著的实证数据资料，但尝试在属性层次对战略、创新和权变间的成对关系进行建模已超出了本文的研究范畴。本文重点关注的是总体系统背景下权变对“战略-创新”关系的影响。此外，应采用与所研究的战略和创新维度范畴不相容的具体方法进行建模的效度预测。本文上述方向的进一步研究提供了初步有力的实证基础。

最后，本研究探讨了“战略-创新”关系，但没有从绩效的视角研究拟合情况。本文的研究基础是概念框架的设计和范围。“在技术域的基础上扩大创新分析能提供一个关于企业创新战略和绩效的更丰富、复杂的体系框架”[84]，会产生理论和管理成果。此外，中小企业的创新行为与绩效之间的因果关系问题在一定程度上仍未解决[85]。因此，未来的另一个研究方向是，探讨在最佳绩效导向下中小企业的战略态势与创新行为之间的关系，具体可探讨产业和企业的作用对“战略-创新-绩效”关系的影响程度。

致谢

感谢P. X. Meschi、J. Hoffmann和L. Nesta对本研究给予的指导、意见和帮助。

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