四 启示

第二次人口转变的提出，让我们看到了新的人口变化，看到了人口所承载的新的社会变化，更看到了人口与社会变迁之间空前紧密的互动关系和前所未有的作用机理。它给我们的启示就是：在这样一个“以人为中心”的时代，这样一个强调“可持续发展”的时代，我们关注新的人口行为和人口现象，实质是要了解和认识其背后所折射的社会变化，以及由变化带来的新的社会需求。满足这些需求，促进人的全面发展和人口长期均衡发展，是社会文明进步的客观要求，也是政府和社会的责任，反映了人口转变从“自然”到“自为”的发展规律。在这方面，中国为世界提供了不一样的范例和经验。就我国而言，如果说过去30多年为了更好地实现经济腾飞和协调发展，我们通过计划生育让人口“适应”了经济社会；那么今后30年、50年甚至更长时间，“以人为本”要求人口应逐步复归其“主体”地位，这意味着我们的经济社会发展要适应人口的变化，满足人口新的社会需求，不断提高人们的生活与生命质量，因为这才是我们发展的目的本身。

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