Group 5

1

佳句妙译

电视，这项以迅速变化和发展为标志的最普及和最有影响力的现代技术，正在步入一个新时代，一个极为复杂和多样化的时代，这将重塑我们的生活和世界。

句法精析

此句主句不长，附加成分很多。主语后有一个很长的分词短语作后置定语；宾语后有插入语成分，起到补充说明的作用；插入语后还有一个定语从句修饰宾语era。

知识拓展

此句中的分词作后置定语，和被修饰的technologies成被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语，如：The conference suggested by the Czar was held in Hague.

词汇拓展

pervasive [pərˈveɪsɪv] adj. 普遍的；到处渗透的；流行的

【例】The letter described the indiscriminate use of live ammunition and pervasive home raids in their city. 这封信描述了他们的城市中存在混乱的实弹和大面积的家庭突袭。

【派】pervasion （n. 渗透；扩散；普及）；pervade （v.遍及；弥漫）

【同】widespread, universal, generalized

persuasive [pərˈsweɪsɪv] adj. 有说服力的；劝诱的，劝说的

【例】Advertising English has its own special linguistic features and communicative and persuasive functions. 广告英语具有独特的语言特征和交际、劝说功能。

【派】persuasion （n.说服；说服力；信念）；persuade （v. 说服）

【同】convictive

sophistication [səˌfɪstɪˈkeɪʃn] n. 复杂；诡辩；老于世故；有教养

【例】Western marketers have misunderstood levels of intelligence and sophistication in emerging markets. 西方市场营销人员误解了新兴市场的智慧和复杂性。

【派】sophisticated （adj.复杂的；精致的）；sophisticate （n.久经世故的人；精通者）

【同】complexity, intricacy

versatility [ˌvɜ:rsəˈtɪləti] n. 多样化；多功能性；多才多艺；用途广泛

【例】It altered the way we communicate, turning our telephones into magical vessels of seemingly infinite versatility. 它改变了我们的沟通方式，将电话变成了似乎具有无穷用途的有魔力的工具。

2

佳句妙译

电视不仅仅是一件电器；它是一种表达的手段，也是一种交流的载体，并因此成为联系他人的有力工具。

句法精析

此句有两个主句，其中第二个主句带有两个谓语和三个宾语，这样使句子变长了。

词汇拓展

expression [ɪkˈspreʃn] n. 表达；表现；表情

【例】These tests have found that it increases the expression of dormant HIV genes fivefold. 这些测试发现它将休眠状态HIV基因的表现提高了五倍。

【派】expressive（adj. 表现的；有表现力的）；express（n. 快车；快递；捷运公司）

vehicle [ˈvi:əkl] n. 工具；车辆

【例】This provides a basis for the research on cyclists’ head protection in vehicle-bicycle accident.这为汽车-自行车事故的骑车人头部保护研究提供了依据。

短语搭配

as such 照此，同样地；本身；就其本身而论

【例】As such, anyone reproducing the works, especially for commercial purposes, needs the permission of that artist. 同样，任何人要复制这些作品，特别是商业目的的复制，都需要得到那位艺术家的允许。

3

佳句妙译

更令人震惊的事实是，收监率在过去20年中翻了一番还多，而累犯率，即重新被逮捕的比率，超过了60%。

句法精析

此句有两个并列的主句：第一个主句宾语fact后出现了同位语从句，对fact进行解释说明；第二个主句主语后有一个插入语，用来解释说明主语。

知识拓展

【同】位语从句解释说明所修饰名词的内容。同位语从句所解释说明的名词有belief, fact, idea, plan, news, information, evidence, decision, opinion, truth, thought, possibility, suggestion, order, promise, statement等。同位语从句一般由that引导，that不可省略。例如：

The news that he failed the exam was disappointing.

We are familiar with the idea that all matter consists of atoms.

词汇拓展

imprisonment [ɪm'prɪznmənt] n. 监禁，关押；坐牢，下狱

【例】He had been convicted and sentenced to one month imprisonment on a charge of aggravated vehicle-taking. 他被定罪并被判入狱一个月，罪名是抢劫车辆，加重量刑。

【派】imprison （v. 监禁；关押；使…下狱）

4

佳句妙译

William Rainey Harper把他吸引到了新成立的芝加哥大学，他在那里正式任职长达整整一代人的时间，在那里他的高级作文课的学生觉得他在课上古板得可怕，但私下交流时却富于同情和理解。

句法精析

这句话是主从复合句，整个句子的结构是主句+定语从句1+定语从句2，如下：

主句：William Rainey Harper lured him to the new university of Chicago

非限定性定语从句1：where he remained officially for exactly a generation

非限定性定语从句2：where his students in advanced composition found him...conferences

and连接非限定性定语从句1和2，是对William Rainey Harper在university of Chicago执教生涯的进一步补充说明。

词汇拓展

lure [lʊr] v. 吸引；诱惑

【例】The enticement of the big city lured her away from her hometown. 大城市的种种诱惑吸引她离开了家乡。

【同】attract, tempt

The University of Chicago：芝加哥大学是一所位于美国伊利诺伊州芝加哥的私立、男女同校、无宗教派别的研究型大学，1891年由约翰·洛克菲勒创办，1892年10月1日正式开课。芝加哥大学是美国最负盛名的大学之一，该校师生先后共有89位获得诺贝尔奖。

frigid ['frɪdʒɪd] adj. 古板的；寒冷的；冷淡的

【例】Frigid winds blew from the north. 寒风从北方吹来。

【派】frigidity（n.古板；寒冷；冷淡）；frigidly （adv. 冷淡地；呆板地）

【同】icy, freezing

5

佳句妙译

树懒不讲究卫生，以至于它粗糙的毛发上生出绿苔，成群的寄生蛾生长在它的皮毛深处，变成毛毛虫，并以它的脏毛为食。

句法精析

这句话是主从复合句，整个句子的结构是主句+结果状语从句，如下：

主句：The sloth pays such little attention to its personal hygiene

结果状语从句：that green algae grow on its coarse...producing caterpillars

在结果状语从句中包含两个并列的分句，由and连接。其中，第二个分句中还包含了分词短语作状语以及定语从句。

知识拓展

结果状语从句就是在复合句中表示主句动作所导致结果的状语从句。用于引导结果状语从句的连词也不多，主要的有so that, so...that..., such...that...等。

1. 用so that引导：so that引导结果状语从句时的意思是“结果”、“所以”。如：

Write out this word ten times so that you learn how to spell it. // I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat.

2. 用so...that...引导：so...that...的意思是“如此…以至于…”，其中的 so 后接形容词或副词。如：

He was so angry that he couldn't speak. // He runs so fast that none of us can catch up with him.

3. 用such...that...引导：such...that...的意思是“如此…以至于…”，其中的 such 后接名词 （名词前通常有形容词修饰）。如：

It gave him such a shock that his face turned white. // He is such a clever boy that we all like him.

词汇拓展

hygiene [haɪdʒi:n] n.卫生；卫生学

【例】People should wash regularly to ensure personal hygiene. 人们应经常洗澡以保证个人卫生。

【派】hygienic（adj. 卫生的；卫生学的）；hygienist （n.保健专家；牙科保健员）

【同】sanitation

algae ['ældʒi:] n. 水藻；海藻

【例】Algae grow and spread quickly in the lake. 湖中水藻滋蔓。

parasitic [ˌpærə'sɪtɪk] adj. 寄生的；由寄生虫引起的；靠他人为生的

【例】He lives a parasitic existence by borrowing money from his friends. 他靠向友人借贷过寄生生活。

【派】parasitical（adj.寄生的）；parasitize（v.寄生于；寄生感染）；parasitics（n.寄生现象；寄生效应）

caterpillar [ˈkætərpɪlər ] n. 毛虫

【例】A caterpillar is the larva of a butterfly. 毛虫是蝴蝶的幼体。

graze [ɡreɪz] v. 啃食，（牛、羊等）吃草

【例】The sheep usually graze in the grass land. 羊通常在草地吃草。

短语搭配

pay attention to注意；留意

【例】I hope you will pay attention to this problem. 希望你对此问题给予关注。

in the depths of在…的深处

【例】These creatures live in the depth of the Pacific Ocean. 这些生物生活在太平洋的海底。

6

佳句妙译

人造花卉既可用于科学目的，也可用于装饰目的。

句法精析

本句为简单句，整体结构为主语+谓语+目的状语。

as well as连接两个目的状语，表并列。

知识拓展

1. as well as 可连接并列的单词或短语。例如：

It is unpleasant in summer as well as in winter. // The child is lively as well as healthy.

2. as well as 连接两个谓语动词时，它们的时态应保持一致。例如：

He publishes as well as prints his own books. // We are repairing the roof as well as painting the walls.

as well as 与动词连用时，其后可用动词-ing形式，尤其as well as 位于句首时，此时相当于in addition to。例如：

As well as breaking his leg, he hurt his arm. // She sings as well as playing the piano.

3. 如果as well as 前面是动词不定式，那么其后的动词也是不定式，但to要省略。例如：

You cannot expect her to do the housework as well as look after the children.

4. 由as well as 连接的复合主语并不影响谓语动词的数。例如：

Helen as well as I is eager to see the performance.

I as well as they am ready to help you.

5. as well as 连接的人称代词既可以是主格也可以是宾格，但句意不同。例如：

They have invited you as well as me.

They have invited you as well as I.

6. as well as 用于肯定结构和否定结构中，其意义不同。as well as 和not搭配使用：as well as 位于not前时，两者均否定；位于not后时，否定前者，肯定后者。例如：

George, as well as his brother, has gone abroad.

George hasn't gone abroad as well as his brother.

George, as well as his brother, hasn't gone abroad.

词汇拓展

artificial [ˌa:rtɪ'fɪʃl] adj. 人造的；虚伪的；武断的

【例】This orange drink contains no artificial flavorings. 这种橙汁饮品不含人工调味料。

【派】artificially（adv. 人造地；虚伪地）；artificialize（v.人工化；使成人为）

【同】man-made, unnatural

decorative ['dekəreɪtɪv] adj. 装饰的；装饰性的

【例】The buildings were utilitarian rather than decorative. 这些建筑是实用性的而不是装饰性的。

【派】decorate（v. 装饰；布置；装修）；decoration（n.装饰；装饰品）

【同】artistic, ornamental

7

佳句妙译

在伊利诺伊州Argonne市的一个废弃煤矿进行了三年的研究取得了成果，科学家们相信这些成果可以帮助改造损害美国产煤区外观的数千个旧煤场。

句法精析

这句话是主从复合句，整个句子的结构是主句+定语从句1+定语从句2，如下：

主句：Three years of research...have resulted in findings

定语从句1：that scientists believe can help reclaim thousands of mine disposal sites

定语从句2：that scar the coal-rich regions of the United States

定语从句1修饰前面的findings；定语从句2修饰定语从句1中的mine disposal sites。

词汇拓展

abandon [ə'bændən] v. 放弃；抛弃；放纵

【例】Those who abandon themselves to despair can not succeed. 那些自暴自弃的人无法成功。

【派】abandoned（adj. 被抛弃的；无约束的）；abandonment （n.放弃；自暴自弃；放纵）

【同】desert, cast aside

reclaim [rɪ'kleɪm] v. 改造；收回；回收；纠正；开垦

【例】You may be entitled to reclaim some of the tax you paid last year. 你或许有权要求收回去年你交付的部分税金。

【派】reclaimed（adj. 再生的；翻造的；收复的；回收的）；reclaimable（adj. 可收回的；可教化的）

【同】regain, regenerate

disposal [dɪ'spoʊzl] n. 处理；处置；布置

【例】The disposal of rubbish is always a problem. 垃圾的处理总是个难题。

【搭】dispose of 处理

【派】dispose（v. 清除；处理掉；解决）；disposed （adj. 愿意的；想干的；有…倾向的）

【同】removal, elimination

scar [ska:r] v. 损害…的外观；结疤；痊愈

【例】The cut on his finger will eventually scar over. 他指头上的伤口最后会结疤痊愈。

【派】scarred（adj. 有疤痕的）

【同】wound

短语搭配

result in导致；结果是

【例】Excessive dosage of this drug can result in injury to the liver. 这种药使用过量会导致对肝脏的损害。

8

佳句妙译

当有关西部铁路的说服和规划工作终于完成后，真正艰难的任务还没有开始，即危险、吃力、需要伤筋动骨和吵吵嚷嚷地建造这些铁路的实际工作。

句法精析

这句话是主从复合句，整个句子的结构是时间状语从句+主句，如下：

时间状语从句：When the persuading and the planning...had finally been completed

主句：the really challenging task remained...the lines

冒号后面the dangerous, sweaty, backbreaking, brawling business of actually building the lines是同位语，对前面的task进一步解释说明。

知识拓展

一、同位语的引导方式

1. 通常用逗号将同位语与其所修饰的先行词隔开，表示一种普通的同位关系。例如：

This is Mr. Black, director of our hospital.

2. 有时也可用破折号或冒号引导同位语。用破折号，停顿较长，对同位语起强调的作用；用冒号，停顿最长，强调的作用更大。例如：

The orphan's daily necessities—clothes, food, etc.—are supplied by a kind-hearted teacher. // In a sense nouns can be divided into two kinds: the countable noun and the uncountable noun.

3. 有时同位语之前带有引导词，表示同位成分之间的特殊意义。常见的同位语引导词有as, or, chiefly, especially, for example, for instance, in short, mainly, mostly, namely, that is, in particular, in other words, including, that is to say, such as, say, particularly, what, which, who, when, where, why, how, that, whether等。例如：

There remains only one problem, namely who they should send to head the research there. // Did he give you a pound, or a hundred pence? // A lot of people here, for example, John, would rather have coffee. // I have no idea what has happened to him.

4. 无需借用任何引导词或标点符号，而将同位语直接置于先行词之后。

I have the honor to introduce John's sister Jane to you. // Tom gave his friend John a book.

二、同位语的构成

1. 名词及其短语（有时有逗号隔开）

George Bush, the present American president, was the governor of the state of Texas.

2. 动名词短语（有逗号隔开）

He enjoys the exercise, swimming in winter.

3. 不定式短语（有时有逗号隔开）

The question what to do next hasn't been considered.

4. 形容词及其短语（有逗号隔开）

He, short and thin, is unfit for the job.

5. 介词短语（有时有逗号隔开）

As the head of the company, he had to explain what had happened. = He, the head of the company, had to explain what had happened.

6. 名词性从句（其前面的先行词一般都带有定冠词the）。这样的先行词有fact, news, truth, knowledge, idea, hope, question, problem, assumption等。例如：

They had to face the fact that the nearest filling station is 30 kilometers away.

词汇拓展

brawling [brɔ:lɪŋ] adj. 争吵的 n. 冲突

【例】The brawling between the England fans and locals last night went on for several hours. 昨晚，英格兰球迷和当地球迷的冲突持续了好几个小时。

【派】brawl（n.争吵；大声的吵闹）

【同】contentious

9

佳句妙译

由于空间不足，艺术博物馆在考虑购买和接受捐赠的艺术品时越来越慎重，有些情况下放弃进一步改善其收藏的机会。

句法精析

这句话是简单句，整个句子的结构是原因状语+主谓结构+独立主格结构作状语，如下：

句子主干：the Art Museum has become increasingly cautious in considering acquisitions and donations of art

原因状语：Because of the space crunch

独立主格结构：passing up opportunities to strengthen its collections是对前面句子主干中的increasingly cautious进一步解释说明。

知识拓展

独立主格结构（Absolute Structure）是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。

独立主格结构基本构成形式

名词（代词）+现在分词（过去分词；不定式；形容词；副词；名词；介词短语）

1. 名词（代词）+现在分词

Night enshrouding the earth, nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance.

2. 名词（代词）+过去分词

The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.

3. 名词（代词）+不定式

在“名词/代词+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，动词不定式则用主动形式；如果是动宾关系，则用被动形式。

The four of us agreed on a division of labor, each to translate a quarter of the book.

4. 名词（代词）+形容词

The Trojans asleep, the Greek soldiers crept out of the hollow wooden horse.

5. 名词（代词）+副词

The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting room.

6. 名词（代词）+名词

His first shot failure, he fired again.

7. 名词（代词）+介词短语

He lay at full length upon his stomach, his head resting upon his left forearm.

词汇拓展

crunch [krʌntʃ] n.艰难局面；关键时刻

【例】He was caught in a financial crunch. 他陷入财政危机。

【同】crisis

acquisition [ˌækwɪ'zɪʃn] n. 获得；所获之物；采集

【例】Life is a process about the acquisition of knowledge, wealth and happiness. 生活就是一个获得知识、财富和幸福的过程。

【派】acquire（v. 获得；学到；取得）；acquisitive（adj. 想获得的；贪得无厌的；可学得的）

【同】acquirement, possession

短语搭配

in some cases有时候

【例】In some cases output has increased more than fourfold. 在有些情况下，产量增加了4倍多。

pass up放弃；拒绝

【例】Few film stars would pass up the chance of going on an ego trip to the United States to collect an Oscar. 几乎没有影星会放过去美国摘取奥斯卡金像奖的追名逐利的机会。

10

佳句妙译

美国宪法要求总统是生于美国本土的公民，35岁及以上，并且在美国居住了至少14年。

句法精析

这句话是主从复合句，整个句子的结构是主句+宾语从句+定语从句，如下：

主句：The United States Constitution requires

宾语从句：that President be a natural-born citizen, thirty-five years of age or older

定语从句：who has lived in the United States for a minimum of fourteen years

动词require后面的宾语从句中需使用虚拟语气，例如，that President (should) be。

词汇拓展

The United States Constitution：美国宪法。美利坚合众国宪法（Constitution of the United States），通称美国联邦宪法或美国宪法（U.S. Constitution）。它是美国的根本大法，奠定了美国政治制度的法律基础。美国宪法是世界上第一部成文宪法。1787年5月，美国各州（当时为13个）代表在费城（Philadelphia）召开制宪会议，同年9月15日制宪会议通过《美利坚合众国宪法》。直到1789年，独立战争胜利后的6年，法定建国日的13年后，美国宪法的前一部分才被通过，美国政府才开始工作。

minimum ['mɪnɪməm] n. 最低限度；最小量

【例】She has now cut her teaching hours to the minimum. 她现在已经把她的教学时间减至最低限度。

【派】minimize（v. 将…减到最少；贬低）；minimal（adj.最小的；最低限度的）

短语搭配

for a minimum of最少

【例】He has lived in the United States for a minimum of fourteen years. 他在美国居住了至少14年。

11

佳句妙译

对越来越多拥有摩托车或越野单车类车辆的、喜欢放纵于爬坡比赛或开辟新的沙漠通道的寻欢作乐者来说，美国西南部的不毛之地正成为日益诱人的游乐场。

句法精析

这句话是主从复合句，整个句子的结构是主句+定语从句，如下：

主句：Arid regions in the southwestern United States have become increasingly inviting playgrounds for the growing number of recreation seekers

定语从句：who own vehicles such as motorcycles or powered trail bikes and indulge in hill-climbing contests or in caving new trails in the desert

定语从句who own vehicles such as...是对前面的recreation seekers进一步解释说明；定语从句中由and连接两个并列的谓语own和indulge in。

词汇拓展

arid ['ærɪd] adj. 不毛的；干燥的；枯燥的；无趣的；没有生气的

【例】It is difficult to grow fruit in arid desert areas. 在干燥的沙漠地带栽培水果很困难。

【派】aridity（n. 干旱；贫瘠）

【同】dry, waterless

短语搭配

indulge in 沉溺于，纵情于

【例】As a result of the haste, reporters frequently have little opportunity to indulge in their own stylistic preferences. 由于时间仓促，记者们往往很少有机会能按照自己爱好的风格写稿。

【参】类似的表达还有wallow in（沉湎于，沉溺于）。

12

佳句妙译

石头不会腐烂，所以很久以前的（石器）工具能保存下来，而它们的制造者连尸骨都已经消失得了无痕迹。

句法精析

这句话是并列复合句，整个句子的结构是并列主句1+并列主句2+时间状语从句+定语从句，如下：

并列主句1：Stone does not decay

并列主句2：so tools of long ago have remained

时间状语从句：when even the bones of the man...have disappeared without trace

定语从句：who made them

由and连接两个并列的主句Stone does not decay和so tools of long ago have remained；时间状语从句进一步解释说明。

词汇拓展

decay [dɪ'keɪ] v. （使）腐烂；（使）腐败；（使）衰退

【例】The dampness of the climate decayed the books. 气候潮湿，把书都霉坏了。

【派】decayed（adj. 腐败的；被蛀的）

【同】spoil

短语搭配

without trace无影无踪地，了无痕迹地

【例】The children were lost without trace in the forest. 孩子们在森林里失踪了，没有留下一点痕迹。

13

佳句妙译

昆虫将会使我们无法在这个世界上居住；如果我们没有受到以昆虫为食的动物的保护，昆虫就会吞噬掉我们所有的庄稼并杀死我们饲养的禽类和牲畜。

句法精析

这句话是并列复合句，整个句子的结构是并列主句1+并列主句2+条件状语从句+定语从句。如下：

并列主句1：Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world

并列主句2：they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds

条件状语从句：if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals

定语从句：we get from insect-eating animals

分号连接两个并列句。条件状语从句是对主句2的动作发生情况进行的说明；定语从句是嵌套在条件状语从句中对the protection的进一步解释说明。

知识拓展

并列复合句由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。两个简单句常由并列连接词连在一起；但有时不用连接词，只在两个简单句之间用逗号或分号隔开。

常见的并列句：

1. 用来连接两个并列概念的连接词有and, not only...but also..., neither...nor...等，and所连接的前后分句往往表示先后关系、递进关系。前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系。若第一个分句是祈使句，那么第二个分句用将来时。

2. 表示在两者之间选择一个，常用的连接词有or, otherwise, or else, either...or...等。前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系。若第一个分句是祈使句，那么第二个分句用将来时。

3. 表明两个概念彼此有矛盾、相反或者转折，常用的连接词有but, yet, still, however等，前后分句时态一致。

4. 说明原因，用连接词for，前后分句时态一致。

5. 表示结果，用连接词so，前后分句时态一致。

并列句与分号：

1. 分号的力量较逗号更大，可以不借助于并列连词，完全靠自己的力量来连接两个并列分句。例如：

Bill is one of the most capable students; his records are among the best in our class.

2. 分号的上述用法可以用逗号加并列连词来代替，即把分号“；”改为“，”，并加上相应的并列连词。如上述第一例可改为：

Bill is one of the most capable students, and his records are among the best in our class.

3. 间或我们可以看到既用分号又用并列连词连接的并列句，这是为了加强语气。如上述第二例也可改为：

Bill is one of the most capable students; and his records are among the best in our class.

4. 并列分句也常用连接副词（如：however, therefore, furthermore, moreover, nevertheless, besides, consequently, accordingly, otherwise, afterwards, hence, indeed, in fact, later, yet, thus, still, then 等）连接，起补充说明作用；此时连接副词前面或用逗号或用分号。例如：

She was angry, （或；） nevertheless he listened to me.

It rained, （或；） therefore the game was called off.

He has lived on this island, （或；） besides he has married a native woman.

5. 简单连词也可放在连接副词前面，这时它前面可加逗号。例如：

He rarely meets people, and therefore he feels shy.

6. 带有连接副词的并列句，若两个分句（或其中一个）中有一逗号，则中间须用分号代替逗号。例如：

He's young; however, he knows more than he seems to.

John left his home twenty minutes late; consequently, he missed his train.

7. 连接副词和短语连词（不包括and, but及or)有时可放在主语后面。这时这个主语前面应用一个分号，甚至句号。例如：

Not only her son died; she herself went mad, too （或as well）. // The storm was terrible; few houses, however, were damaged. // He made many mistakes; his younger sister, on the other hand, made very few.

词汇拓展

devour [dɪ'vaʊər] v. 吞食；毁灭；贪婪地阅读

【例】He sat by the fire, devouring beef and onions. 他坐在火炉旁，狼吞虎咽地吃着牛肉和洋葱。

【派】devouringly（adv. 贪婪地；贪食地）

【同】consume, engulf

herd [hɜ:rd] n. 兽群；牧人；群

【例】We saw a herd of elephants yesterday. 昨天我们见到了一群大象。

【同】flock, group

短语搭配

if it were not for 要不是（如果没有；除…之外）

【例】If it were not for this defect, I shall hire him at once. 如果不是因为这个缺点，我会马上雇用他。

14

佳句妙译

确实，他们在探险中经常遇到极具威胁性的困难和危险，而他们的装备会让一个现代登山者想一想都会浑身战栗，不过他们并不是特意去追求这种刺激的。

句法精析

这句话是并列复合句，整个句子的结构是并列主句1+并列主句2，如下：

并列主句1：It is true that...at the thought

并列主句2：but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement

主语从句：that during their explorations they often faced difficulties...at the thought

it 是形式主语，that引导的主语从句是真正的主语；equipped in a manner是伴随状语，对they often faced difficulties and dangers进一步补充说明；定语从句是对manner 的进一步修饰限定。

词汇拓展

perilous ['perələs] adj. 危险的；冒险的

【例】The snow and the blackout combined to make motoring perilous.大雪加上灯火管制使得车辆行驶很危险。

【派】peril（n. 危险；冒险）；perilousness（n.危险）

【同】dangerous, risky

shudder ['ʃʌdər] v. 战栗；发抖

【例】She shuddered at the memory of school exams. 她一想到学校的考试就不寒而栗。

【派】shuddery（adj. 发抖的）

【同】shake, tremble

court [kɔ:rt] v. 追求

【例】The young man courted the young lady by bring her flowers every day. 那青年通过每天给那年轻女子送花而向她求爱。

短语搭配

at the thought一想到

【例】His heart sickened at the thought of that horrible scene.他一想到那种可怕的情景就感到恶心。

go out of one's way 特意地

【例】They go out of their way to make me feel at home.他们特意使我觉得舒适自在。

15

佳句妙译

老人和年轻人之间只有一个区别：年轻人的前面有辉煌的未来，老年人灿烂的未来却已在他们身后：这也许就是困难之所在。

句法精析

这句话是并列复合句，整个句子的结构是并列主句1+同位语从句+并列主句2，如下：

并列主句1：There is only one difference between an old man and a young one

并列主句2：and maybe that is where the rub is

【同】位语从句：the young man has a glorious future before him and old one has a splendid future behind him

第一个冒号后面的the young man has a glorious future before him and old one has a splendid future behind him是对前面的one difference进一步解释说明；and连接两个并列句。

词汇拓展

glorious ['ɡlɔ:rɪəs] adj. 辉煌的；光荣的

【例】She is always bucking about her glorious past. 她老是吹嘘她的光荣历史。

【派】glory（n.光荣；赞颂；壮丽）；gloriously（adv.光荣地；辉煌地）

【同】admirable, delightful

rub [rʌb] n. 困难；障碍

【例】We need money badly, but there's the rub: no one will lend us any. 我们急需要钱，但问题是：谁也不会借钱给我们。

16

佳句妙译

他们带有自由的气息，他们不会为狭隘的野心和贪婪享受而孜孜以求。他们不是焦虑的向上爬的人，他们不会对物质的东西难舍难分。

句法精析

第一句话和第二句话是相似的句子结构：并列句1+and +并列句2，如下：

第一句话中

并列句1：They have an air of freedom

并列句2：they have not a dreary commitment to mean ambitions or love comfort

第二句话中

并列句1：They are not anxious social climbers

并列句2：they have no devotion to material things

词汇拓展

dreary [ˈdrɪri] adj. 沉闷的；令人沮丧的；情绪低落的

【例】I hate these dry dreary days. 我讨厌干燥沉闷的天气。

【同】depressing, gloomy

commitment [kə'mɪtmənt] n. 承诺；保证；献身

【例】He made a commitment to pay the rent on time. 他保证按时付房租。

【派】commit（v. 犯罪；承诺）

【同】obligation, promise

短语搭配

have an air of 有…的神情/气氛

【例】Temples have an air of sanctity. 寺庙有一种神圣的氛围。

17

佳句妙译

每次我听到人们说体育运动能够在国家间建立起友好感情，说世界各地的普通人只要能在足球场或板球场上相遇就会没有兴趣在战场上相遇的话，我都倍感诧异。

句法精析

这句话是主从复合句，整个句子的结构是主句+时间状语从句+宾语从句1+宾语从句2+条件状语从句，如下：

主句：I am always amazed

时间状语从句：when I hear people saying

宾语从句1：that sport creates goodwill between the nations

宾语从句2：that if only the common peoples of the world...to meet on the battlefield

条件状语从句：if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket

知识拓展

1. 在if only这个短语中，中心词是从属连接词if，而副词only只是加强if的语气的，因此，if only仅仅是if的一种强化形式，不仅能表达说话人的愿望，而且能表达条件。因此，它同if一样，也能引出条件状语从句。

If only they were here now, we would be able to celebrate their wedding anniversary.

2. if only常常用来表达强烈的愿望或遗憾，因此，主要用在虚拟语气中，用以表达强烈的愿望或非真实条件。常被译为“但愿”、“要是…该多好啊”等。例如：

If only she could have lived a little longer.

3. if only从句在大多数情况下用作虚拟条件句，但偶尔也有用于真实条件句的情况。例如：

He will succeed if only he does his best.

4. if only有时也可以写成if...only。例如：

If she would only come!

词汇拓展

battlefield ['bætlfi:ld] n. 战场；斗争；争论点

【例】There's no such thing as luck on the battlefield. 在战场上可没有运气一说。

【同】battleground

短语搭配

have (no) inclination to对…有（没有）倾向

【例】He had no inclination to laugh. 他觉得一点也笑不出来。

【参】类似的表达还有have (no) intention of, have (no) interest in。

18

佳句妙译

没有可能仅仅为了娱乐和锻炼而运动：一旦涉及了声誉问题，一旦你觉得你输了的话你和你所属团体会有失体面时，你最野蛮的好斗本能就会被激发出来。

句法精析

这句话是并列复合句，整个句子的结构是并列主句1+时间状语从句+并列主句2，如下：

并列主句1：It is impossible to say simply for the fun and exercise

并列主句2：the most savage combative instincts are around

时间状语从句1：as soon as the question of prestige arises

时间状语从句2：as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose

冒号后面主句2是对主句1中it is impossible的原因进一步解释说明。

知识拓展

as soon as连接的时间状语从句中，指未发生的动作，规律是：主句一般将来时，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时，如：

I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back.

指紧接着发生的两个短动作，主从句都用一般过去时，如：

He took out his English books as soon as he sat down.

词汇拓展

prestige [pre'sti:ʒ] n. 声望；威望

【例】He is an author of international prestige. 他是有国际声望的作家。

【派】prestigious（adj. 享有声望的；声望很高的）

【同】reputation, influence

disgrace [dɪs'ɡreɪs] v. 耻辱；丢脸

【例】He will die before he shall disgrace himself. 他宁死也不受辱。

【派】disgraceful（adj. 可耻的；不光彩的）

【同】shame, dishonor, humiliate

savage ['sævɪdʒ] adj. 野性的；凶猛的；粗鲁的；荒野的；原始的

【例】Most of the time elephants are tame but they can be very savage. 大多数时候大象很温顺，但它们也会大发野性。

【派】savagery（n. 野性；残忍；野蛮状态）

【同】violent, brutal

instinct ['ɪnstɪŋkt] n. 本能；直觉；天性

【例】Don't trust anything except your instinct. 除了你的直觉，不要相信其他任何东西。

【派】instinctive（adj. 本能的；天性的；直觉的）

【同】intuition, feeling

短语搭配

be around来；在附近；活的

【例】I'll be around if you should want me. 你如果需要我，我就在附近。

19

佳句妙译

人们发现，某些蝙蝠发出尖叫声并靠接收回响来锁定和躲避障碍物——或找到它们赖以为生的飞虫。

句法精析

这句话是主从复合句，整个句子的结构是主句+主语从句1+主语从句2+定语从句，如下：

主句：It has been found

主语从句1：certain bats emit squeaks

主语从句2：by receiving the echoes, they can locate and steer clear of obstacles—or locate flying insects

限定性定语从句：on which they feed

知识拓展

限定性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用，使该词的含义更具体、更明确。限定性定语从句不能被省略，否则句意就不完整，例如I met some one who said he knew you.

1. 在引导限定性定语从句时，that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或on which：

I like the music for the very reason that (for which) he dislikes it. // We arrived the day that (on which) they left.

2.在限定性定语从句中，当关系代词在从句中担任动词宾语时，关系代词可省略:

The book (that/which) I am reading is very interesting. // Is there anything (that) you want?

非限定性定语从句起补充说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解。在非限定性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开，如

The house,which I bought last year, has a lovely garden. // This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.

词汇拓展

emit [i'mɪt] v. 发出，发射；放射；吐露

【例】Fireflies emit light but not heat. 萤火虫发光但不放出热。

【派】emitter（n. 发射体；发射极）

【同】radiate, send

echo ['ekoʊ] n. 回声；重复；共鸣 v. 发出回声

【例】She shouted on the mountaintop and listened to the echo. 她在山顶上大喊，然后聆听着回声。

【派】echoic（adj. 拟声的；回声的）

【同】resound, resonate

locate ['loʊkeɪt] v. 找出；把…设置在；使坐落于

【例】They decided to locate a new school in the suburbs. 他们决定在郊区设置一所新学校。

【派】location（n. 位置；外景拍摄地；定位；地点）；located（adj. 处于的；位于的）

steer [stɪr] v. 控制；引导；驾驶

【例】It takes a skilled pilot to steer the ship through. 一名熟练的领航员才能把船驶过（这狭窄的海港入口）。

20

佳句妙译

随着芯片的制造时间和费用分别降低到了几天和几百美元，工程师们可能很快可以任他们的想象驰骋而不会被（代价）昂贵的失败所惩罚。

句法精析

这句话是主从复合句，整个句子的结构是伴随状语从句+主句，如下：

主句：engineers may soon be free...by expensive failure

伴随状语从句：As the time and cost of making a clip drop to a few days and a few hundred dollars

词汇拓展

soar [sɔ:r] v. 翱翔；高飞；猛增；高涨；高耸

【例】Food prices soar during the cold weather. 这个寒冷的冬季食品价格猛涨。

【派】soaring（adj. 猛增的；剧增的）

【同】fly, glide

penalize ['pi:nəlaɪz] v. 处罚；使不利

【例】People who drive when they are drunk should be heavily penalized. 对醉驾者应予重罚。

【派】penalization（n. 处罚）

【同】punish, fine

短语搭配

be free to 随意，任意；不受拘束

【例】If we offer you the job, when will you be free to join us? 如果我们给你这个工作，你什么时候可以到任？