Section III Writing

Part A

题目分析

命题透视

2008年考查书信这一题型，道歉信+建议信。因为是私人书信，不同于公务书信，文中可适当使用三至五次缩写、省略句或口语表达。同时，考研小作文无须书写日期，最好使用缩进式，段间不空行，每段首行缩进四至五个字母。称呼需要顶格写，由于题目中出现了人名，写成“Dear+人名”即可。

正文用语务必客气，礼多人不怪。表示感谢的句型不可或缺，如感谢房东的热情款待。同时表示道歉和提出解决方法这两点提纲务必写到。落款写在稿纸中间偏后的位置，Yours sincerely，或Sincerely yours，均可，注意大小写和逗号。署名要用Li Ming代替，不能出现自己的真实姓名。

经典范文

Dear Bob,

I’m writing the letter to express my sincere apologies to you.

To begin with, I’d like to take this opportunity to extend my heartfelt appreciation for the kind assistance you gave me during my stay in Canada. What’s more, I borrowed a CD of Beethoven’s symphonies from you in Canada. Unfortunately, when I returned home, I found to my surprise that the CD was in my personal baggage due to my carelessness.

To solve the problem, I would like to send this CD to you by Express Mail Service. Once again, please accept my sincere apologies for any inconvenience that I have caused. I hope this will settle the matter to your satisfaction.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

中文翻译

鲍勃：

我写这封信是为了向你表达诚挚的歉意。

首先，我在加拿大期间你热心的帮助我，我想借此机会向你表达衷心的感谢。其次，在加拿大时，我向你借了一张贝多芬交响乐的CD。不幸的是，我回家后在我的个人行李中意外地发现了那张CD，是我太粗心了。

为了解决这个问题，我想用特快专递把这张CD寄给你。对于由我造成的任何不便，请再次接受我诚挚的歉意。我希望这个解决办法能令你满意。

你真诚的，

李明

范文评析

本文共三段、七句、113词。首段只有一句，开门见山，点明了书信的写作目的，同时展开第一点提纲：表达歉意。此处使用了表示写作目的的经典句型：I’m writing the letter to...，运用了现在进行时。需要注意的是，由于此信属于私人书信，无须进行自我介绍。

第二段共三句，分为两个部分。首先对房东的帮助表示感谢，使用了表示感谢的经典句型：I’d like to take this opportunity to extend my heartfelt appreciation for the kind assistance you gave me...，第一句先后运用了定语从句、介词短语作状语等。由于英文书信务必客气，所以在教育部公布的历年高分作文中，表示感谢的句型必不可少。本段第二部分将题目的情景交代进行了改写，说明了事情的来龙去脉。尾句使用了时间状语从句和宾语从句。

尾段共三句，分为两个部分。首句展开第二点提纲，提出解决方案，使用了不定式短语放在句首作目的状语和介词短语放在句尾作方式状语。第二、三两句再次表示道歉，与首段前后呼应，再次展开第一点提纲，使用了定语从句。

精彩表达

apology 道歉

kind assistance 好心的帮助

Beethoven’s symphonies 贝多芬的交响乐

to my surprise 令我惊讶的是

solve the problem 解决问题

inconvenience 不便

settle 解决

to one’s satisfaction 令某人满意

佳句拓展

1. It is with great regret that I tell you that it will not be possible for me to attend the interview. 很遗憾通知您，我不能参加面试了。

2. I am very sorry to inform you that I will not be able to attend the arranged interview. 很抱歉通知您，我不能参加已经安排的面试了。

3. I apologize again for inconveniencing you in any way. 给您造成的任何不便，我再次表示歉意。

考生作文

9分作文

Dear Bob,

I am writing to make an apology to you for I forgot to return a music CD which I borrowed from you last week. Yesterday I have come back from Canada and I found it in my luggage. I am so sorry that you cannot listen to it at present.

The CD which I borrowed from you is made in Canada, so I believe you can find another one in your local store. How about your buying another CD by yourself and I will pay for it? If you cannot find the similar one, I would send it back to you through a post office. And if there are any other solutions you like, please let me know.

I am sorry again for my careless. Looking forward to your reply.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

中文翻译

鲍勃：

由于我忘记归还上周向你借的一张音乐CD，特此写信表示歉意。昨天我已从加拿大回来，并在行李中发现了这张CD。非常抱歉你现在没法听它了。

我向你借的CD是加拿大制造的，因此我相信你在当地商店可以找到另外一张。你自己买另外一张CD，我给你付钱如何？如果你无法找到类似的CD，我可以通过邮局把它寄回给你。如果你倾向于任何其他解决办法，请告诉我。

再次为我的粗心表示歉意。期待你的回信。

你真诚的，

李明

作文评析

本文很好地完成了试题规定的任务，既简明地陈述了自己的失误，又提出了两个解决办法。内容要点完整，层次清晰，语气得体，格式恰当，符合语域要求。但也有少数语法错误，如Yesterday I have come back from Canada...

本文共三段、九句、130词。首段共三句，首句开门见山，点明了书信的写作目的，同时展开第一点提纲：表示歉意，使用了表示道歉的经典句型：I am writing to make an apology to you for...，使用了原因状语从句、定语从句等语法手段。尾句使用了结果状语从句。

第二段共四句，提出两点建议。首句使用了定语从句、被动语态和宾语从句，第三、四两句使用了条件状语从句和倒装句。

尾段共两句，首句再次表示道歉，呼应首段的写作目的，美中不足的是careless应改为carelessness。尾句期待回信。值得注意的是，由于该信是写给房东的私人书信，作者有意使用了please let me know和Looking forward to your reply两个省略句，符合大纲对于语域和文体的要求。

6分作文

Dear Bob,

I am writing this letter to express my apology to you because I was so careless that I got your music CD in my bag. I find it until I arrived at China.

I have told my friend who is living in Canada, and let him buy a new one for you. If you only want to get this one, I will sent it to by post as soon as possible.

I am very sorry for any inconvenience that I have caused. Please accept my sincere apologiance againe.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

作文评析

本文基本完成了试题规定的任务。内容包含了基本要点，且层次较清晰。但有一些语法及拼写错误，如：I find it until I arrived at China. I will sent it to by post... Please accept my sincere apologiance againe。得分为6分。

4分作文

Dear Bob,

I’m so sorry and writing for your excuse involving the matter that I found your favorote music CD in my luggage when I come back China from Canada.

You were so kind of lending me the West life’s CD, when you knew that I was one of fans of this popular band. But so careless I was that I forget to return you.

I have deliverred it to you by EMS with another West Life’s CD together as an apology. I hope you can like it and our friendship will not be injured by my faculties.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

作文评析

本文未能完成试题规定的任务。可以看出考生原想表达更复杂的思想，如对方借光盘给他的原因，两人之间的友谊不因此受到伤害等，但由于该考生语言表达能力不强，表达欠规范，内容要点不够明确，加上有较多的语法和用词错误，如：...involving the matter that I found your favorote music CD...；...I forget to return you. I have deliverred it...；...by my faculties，因此得分不高，仅4分。

万能框架

道歉信

Dear Sir/Madam,

I’m writing to apologize for______. Had I paid more attention then, I wouldn’t have made such a stupid mistake.

Now something must be done to solve the problem because I understand______. Please accept my sincere apologies for any inconvenience it may cause.

Please let me know which solution you prefer at your earliest convenience. I really hope you will accept my sincere apology.

Sincerely yours,

Li Ming

参考译文

尊敬的先生/女士：

我写信为______表示道歉。如果我当时多留意的话，就不会犯这么愚蠢的错误了。

现在我必须做些事情来解决这个问题，因为我知道______。对于它可能造成的不便，请接受我真诚的歉意。

请尽快让我知道您倾向于哪种解决措施。真切地希望您接受我诚挚的歉意。

您真诚的，

李明

预测练习

Directions:

Suppose you have an important interview, but have unfortunately fallen ill. Write an email to apologize.

You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use“Li Ming”instead.

Do not write the address.

注：预测练习题的经典范文及译文请参见《预测范文精编》，可登录本书封面上的下载地址下载。

Part B

题目分析

命题透视

1. 考查主题

图画中两个残疾人扔掉拐杖，互相搀扶，大步流星，奔向远方。文字说明：“你一条腿，我一条腿；你我一起，走南闯北。”显而易见，图画的主题是“合作”这个老掉牙的话题。可见，考研写作的重点是人们普遍关注并且具有永恒价值的当代社会话题，一般并非当年最热门的话题。教育部考试中心出版的最新大纲明确规定：考研写作只要与图画相关、能够自圆其说即可，观点没有正确、错误之分。本文写成与主题相关的互相帮助、取得共赢均可。

2. 真题渊源

2003年，考研写作的主题是“温室花朵经不起风雨”，呼吁独生子女勇于接受社会的考验。2004年的主题是“终点又是新起点”，呼吁年轻人不要停止努力进取。2007年，考查“缺乏自信”的主题，呼吁年轻人面对困难时要有自信。2008年考查“合作”的主题。其实这些都是考查年轻人“修身”，提高自身素质，勇于面对困难和挑战的社会话题。因此，考生要认真研究历年教育部公布的高分作文，做到滚瓜烂熟、脱口而出，你会发现很多相关表达都可以借鉴。

3. 关于模板

全国各地的考研写作阅卷教师对考生英语写作的真实水平要求越来越高，而且有一种日益严重的“反模板化”倾向。模板句型可以使用，但切忌滥用，否则可能导致低分。阅卷老师一般不会因为模板句型加分或减分，关键还是通过考生在考场临场发挥的语言水平来评定分数。大家可以换位思考，如果你去批改小学生的中文作文，只需一两眼，就可判定该生的写作水平。全国的大学英语老师也是这样批改考研作文的。

4. 首段写法

最好根据三点提纲写成三段，每点提纲对应一段，各占三分之一的分数。第一段如果没有描述，图画只字未提，则扣7分；如果只描述了一句，属于描述不充分，扣3分。其实，阅卷教师最重视的就是大作文的第一段，它也是最难写的段落，盲目套用模板或空发议论容易导致低分。阅卷老师最希望看到的写法是首句总体描述图画，点出人物、动作和环境；第二句挖掘细节词、串连成句，将图中细节一网打尽；末句点出文字说明或象征寓意。可以发表议论，但不要太多。

5. 第二段写法

提纲第二段考查图画的意义阐释。首句一般可以点出图画主题，然后可以使用因果论证、举例论证、统计论证、正反论证等多种论证手段进行论证，切忌套话过多，最好针对主题现场发挥。

6. 尾段写法

提纲第三段考查建议措施，写成归纳结论亦可，只需总结自己的结论或提出建议。尾句最好包装结尾、展望未来，使用倒装句、强调句、虚拟语气、名人名言等精彩句型，这样能给阅卷老师留下较好的印象，帮助自己赢得高分。

经典范文

As is symbolically illustrated in the cartoon, two handicapped adolescents, supporting each other with their firm hands, are continuing their new journey across the road. Crutches left behind, they have successfully cracked the hard nut of lameness which might have stumped the majority of the disabled. The caption indicates,“You have merely one leg and so do I. Helping each other, we can travel all around.”

We can deduce from the portrayal that the cartoonist is trying to attract our attention to the issue of cooperation. According to a survey conducted among a group of people who were in the same college class 10 years ago, those who are ready to give their cooperation to others all become rich or managers in various fields, while not a single young man having difficulty in getting along with his classmates became an executive or boss. Why do those who are excellent in team work tend to be managers or run their own enterprise later in life? The answer seems self-evident. On the one hand, if you are competent in a profession, but have difficulty in getting along with your colleagues and even with your boss, you can hardly survive the corporation. On the other hand, your chances of success are much higher with a wide circle of friends who are willing to cooperate with you to provide information and resources.

It is my view that we can use the drawing to aid juveniles in learning to cooperate successfully with each other. Furthermore, whatever difficulties or situations we are confronted with, we can remind ourselves that those who have the spirit of cooperation and team work are nearer to success. Just as John Adams, the second U.S. president quoted from the ancient Greek Aesop’s Fables,“United we stand, divided we fall.”

中文翻译

漫画象征性地描绘了两个残疾的年轻人用有力的双手互相搀扶，正在路上开始新的征途。他们将拐杖抛在身后，成功地解决了可能困扰大多数残疾人的跛行难题。文字说明显示：“你一条腿，我一条腿；你我一起，走南闯北。”

我们可以从这幅漫画中看出：作者正在试图引起我们对合作问题的关注。针对十年前曾在同一大学班级中的一群人进行的调查显示，那些乐于和他人合作的人都富裕起来或成为各行各业的经理，而没有一个难以与同班同学相处的人成为管理人员或老板。为什么那些擅长团队合作的人后来容易成为经理或经营他们自己的企业呢？答案似乎不言自明。一方面，如果你能够胜任工作，但和你的同事们甚至老板相处困难，你很难在公司中立足。另一方面，如果大量朋友愿意与你合作并提供信息和资源，你成功的几率就会大得多。

我认为我们可以利用这幅漫画来帮助年轻人学会成功地相互合作。其次，无论我们面临何种困难或境地，我们可以提醒自己那些拥有合作与团队精神的人更容易成功。正如美国第二任总统约翰·亚当斯引用古希腊《伊索寓言》中的名言所说：“合则存，分则败。”

范文评析

本文共三段、13句、298词。首段图画描述共四句，是“总—分”结构。首句总体描述图画的人物、动作和环境，先后使用了方式状语从句、被动语态、现在分词短语作状语、现在进行时等。第二句挖掘图画细节、串连成句，运用了独立主格结构、现在完成时和定语从句。最后两句点出图画的文字说明，出现了直接引语、并列结构和现在分词短语放在句首作状语。

第二段意义阐释共六句，也是“总—分”结构。首句点出文章的中心思想，即图画的象征寓意——合作，同时使用了介词短语作状语、宾语从句和现在进行时。第二句出现了统计论证的论证手段以及介词短语放在句首作状语、过去分词短语作后置定语、定语从句、主系表结构、并列句、现在分词短语作后置定语。第三、四两句使用了设问的修辞手法自问自答，第三句出现了定语从句，第四句出现了较为书面化的主系表结构。第五、六两句进行正反论证，总结本段。第五句进行反面论证，使用了条件状语从句和并列结构；第六句进行正面论证，使用了介词短语作状语和定语从句。整个段落逻辑严谨、前后呼应。

第三段建议措施共三句，是“分—总”结构。前两句提出两点建议。首句使用了形式主语、主系表结构、主语从句；第二句出现了状语从句、定语从句和主系表结构；尾句引用名人名言，包装结尾、展望未来，运用了方式状语从句和名词短语作同位语。

精彩表达

symbolically 象征性地

illustrate 描述

handicapped 残疾的

firm hands 坚定的双手

continue their journey 继续他们的征途

crack the hard nut 克服困难

the majority of 大多数

undoubtedly 毫无疑问

deduce 推断

have difficulty in 在……方面有困难

get along with 相处

be excellent in 在……方面擅长

team work 团队合作

be competent in 在……方面有能力

it is my view that 我认为

be confronted with 面临

佳句拓展

1. In my opinion, while self-reliance is an important quality that everyone should strive to develop, it is also vital that we know how to enlist and accept the support of others. 我本人的看法是，虽然自力更生是每个人应该努力养成的重要品质，不过懂得如何去取得和接受他人的支持也非常重要。

2. In these situations, people who habitually rely on others will find themselves at a loss and end up sitting around idly until they can be“saved”by others. 在这些情况下，那些习惯依赖他人的人会变得茫然不知所措，只能无所事事地等待，直到被其他人“拯救”。

3. However, considering that everyone requires the assistance of others at one time or another, we should not be afraid to seek the help of those around us whenever it is necessary or prudent to do so. 然而，所有人都会有需要他人帮助的时候，所以在任何必要的时候我们都不应该害怕去寻求身边人的帮助或是思虑过多、慎之又慎。

考生作文

19分作文

As is vividly depicted in the picture, two disabled men are running fast through teamwork although each of them has only one leg. Obviously, it is teamwork that makes it possible for them to go anywhere they want to.

Simple as it is, what the picture conveys to us is thought-provoking. With the development of economy and society, competition is increasingly fierce. It is impossible for anyone to finish a work all by himself. Hence, people in mounting numbers put great emphasis on teamwork. In fact, it has been universally acknowledged that the ability of teamwork is the most essential qualification that anyone who wants to achieve success should possess.

Accordingly, it is imperative for us to take some measures to enhance the sense of teamwork in our society. We should bear in mind that teamwork is of great significance to both our society and ourselves. Every one should have the ability of teamwork. Only in this way can we achieve success and only in this way can our society become more harmonious to live in.

中文翻译

图画生动地显示，尽管两个残疾人每人只有一条腿，但是他们正在协力快速奔跑。显而易见，正是合作才使得他们走南闯北成为可能。

尽管这幅图画很简单，但它向我们表达了发人深思的含义。随着经济和社会的发展，竞争日渐激烈。任何人都无法完全独立完成一份工作。因此，越来越多的人开始重视团队合作。事实上，人们普遍认为合作的能力是任何想要获得成功的人都应该具备的最重要的素质。

因此，我们迫切需要采取一些措施来提高社会中人们的合作意识。我们应该牢记合作对于我们的社会和我们自身都非常重要。每个人都应拥有合作的能力。只有这样我们才能获得成功，而且只有这样我们生存的社会才能变得更加和谐。

作文评析

本文是2008年教育部公布的当年唯一一篇19分大作文。该文首先描述了图画的内容，并解读了图画的深刻寓意，然后就此发挥，提出在竞争日益激烈的今天，团队精神是取得成功的保证，因此是当今成功人士的重要素质。最后，文章提出我们应该采取措施发挥合作精神，只有这样才能取得成功，构建和谐社会。文章思路清晰、连贯，句式结构变化多样，短语搭配使用恰当；能使用排比句进行强调，正确使用过渡性词语，语言流畅，错误极少。作者词汇量大，词汇使用较准确。字数符合要求，是一篇优秀的作文。

本文共三段、11句、176词。首段图画描述共两句，首句总体描述图画的人物、动作，同时挖掘细节、串连成句，先后出现了方式状语从句、被动语态、介词短语作状语、现在进行时和让步状语从句。第二句点出图画的象征寓意，使用了关联词obviously表示强调关系、it is...that...强调句与定语从句。

第二段意义阐释共五句。首句承上启下，连接第一段与后两段，先后使用了倒装句、让步状语从句、主系表结构和主语从句。第二句进行背景交代，出现了介词短语放在句首作伴随状语和主系表结构。第三句进行反面论证，运用了it作形式主语和不定式短语作真正主语。第四句点出全文的中心思想即图画的象征寓意——团队合作，使用了关联词hence和介词短语放在名词之后作定语。尾句进行事实论证，出现了物称代词作形式主语、现在完成时、主语从句、主系表结构和两个定语从句。

第三段建议措施共四句，是“总—分—总”结构。首句是全文的结论句，呼应图画的象征寓意，先后运用了it作形式主语、主系表结构和不定式短语作真正主语。第二、三两句发表两点议论，出现了宾语从句和主系表结构。尾句包装结尾、展望未来，使用了两个并列的倒装句和主系表结构。

12分作文

As is apparently illustrated in the drawing is that two men who have only one good leg give up their stick-help, and tie them together, and walk together. This phenomenon is encouraging and thought-provoking.

The purpose of the painter is that team spirit is so important in every field, such as in work, in study or in housework and so on. At present, people who want to finish a task dependently won’t succed but to work together with other people. Because one person’s ability is too limited to finish a tough task. However the power will be stronger when they work together. Unfortunately, many people still ignored the great effect of team spirit so that those people will be confronted with some difficulties in dealing with some tough task.

In order to popularize the great team spirit, we’d better take some drastic measures. First of all laws and regulations in every company or other department should be set up to popularize the importance of the team spirit in every field. Only in this way can we finish our task smoothly and effectly.

作文评析

本文总体来说包含了所要求的要点：第一段描述了图画内容并解读了其中的含义。第二段从反面论述不发扬团队精神就不能成功的事实。第三段讲了怎么做才有利于团队精神的发挥。从结构上讲，文章还是层次分明、条理清楚的，但不足之处在于语言表达不够准确，还包括一些结构、拼写、语法错误，如As is apparently illustrated in the drawing is that two men who have only one good leg give up their stick-help, people who want to finish a task dependently won’t succed..., Only in this way can we finish our task smoothly and effectly等。本文得12分。

3分作文

There were two men. One was lost his left lege another lost his right. They can only use the sticks to walk. One day they found that they can help each other with their two leges, they can walk together with out sticks. They were very happy. Sometimes, one man’s power can not help himself to do something, but he same two men maybe could do it. If they can help each other, then many things will easy go. Many people awalys say he is unfortunate, but he will never try to change the stuiation for himself. Then they never though that they can help themselves. Also they do not will to help who need help. At last, no one can help them. Some people although they were unfortunate, but they never mind it. And they do they best to help who need help. They also help themselves. Then, they life will be better and better. Help me, help you. In our daily life help is very important, help makes life become more easier and easier.

作文评析

本文不符合试题要求，缺少组织分段，主题表达不清楚，逻辑混乱；语言表达带有明显的汉语痕迹，句子结构、语法、拼写错误多，语言运用能力差，作者的基本语法知识欠缺；用词简单，初级词汇，如：leg, always, situation, think（thought）未掌握好，因此得分不高，仅3分。

万能框架

人生哲理类

While most young people attempt to lead a life of______, some others prefer to______whenever and wherever possible. As is symbolically illustrated in the portrayal above,______.

One reason that______is a valuable attribute is that it can improve our efficiency and productivity. In our daily life, there will always be occasions when we are unable to obtain outside assistance and have to depend on our own knowledge and problem-solving skills. Under these circumstances, those who trust their own powers and judgment will find a creative solution to the problem at hand, enabling them to be more productive and successful. In addition to fostering greater efficiency in our daily life,______can also help to make life more meaningful. Since______individuals possess confidence in their own abilities, they also tend to be more willing to try new things on their own. These kinds of activities can yield a sense of satisfaction and pride, and add excitement to an otherwise mundane life.

In the final analysis, I maintain that youngsters should exert every effort to______. Insofar as______can boost our efficiency and add meanings to our lives, it is a desirable trait to possess.

参考译文

尽管大多数年轻人尝试过一种______的生活，有些人可能无论何时何地都喜欢______。上图象征性地说明，______。

______是一种可贵品质的原因之一就是它能提高我们的效率和生产力。在我们日常生活中，总有一些时候我们无法获得外部帮助，不得不依靠我们自己的知识和解决问题的能力。在这种情况下，那些相信自己能力和判断的人们将找到创造性的方案来解决眼前的问题，使他们更有生产力、更加成功。除了提高我们日常生活中的效率，______也能帮助使得生活更有意义。由于______的人对自身能力拥有信心，他们也更愿意亲身尝试新鲜事物。这种活动能产生一种满足感和自豪感，并为平凡的生活添加色彩。

综上所述，我认为年轻人应该尽量______。由于______可以提高我们的效率并为生活增添意义，它是年轻人值得拥有的一种品质。

预测练习

Directions:

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should

1) describe the drawing briefly,

2) explain its intended meaning, and then

3) give your comments.

注：预测练习题的经典范文及译文请参见《预测范文精编》，可登录本书封面上的下载地址下载。