Part II Listening Comprehension
Section A
Conversation One
M: [1]So,how long have you been a Market Research Consultant?
W: Well,I started straight after finishing university.
M: Did you study market research?
W: Yeah,and it really helped me to get into the industry,but I have to say that it's more important to get experience in different types of market research to find out exactly what you're interested in.
M: So what are you interested in?
W: [2]Well,at the moment,I specialize in quantitative advertising research,which means that I do two types of projects.[3]Trackers,which are ongoing projects that look at trends or customer satisfaction over a long period of time.The only problem with trackers is that it takes up a lot of your time.But you do build up a good relationship with the client.I also do a couple of ad-hoc jobs which are much shorter projects.
M: What exactly do you mean by ad-hoc jobs?
W: It's basically when companies need quick answers to their questions about their consumers' habits.They just ask for one questionnaire to be sent out,for example,so the time you spend on an ad-hoc project tends to be fairly short.
M: Which do you prefer,trackers or ad-hoc?
W: I like doing both and in fact I need to do both at the same time to keep me from going crazy.I need the variety.
M: Can you just explain what process you go through with a new client?
W: Well,together we decide on the methodology and the objectives of the research.I then design a questionnaire.Once the interviewers have been briefed,I send the client a schedule and then they get back to me with deadlines.Once the final charts and tables are ready,I have to check them and organize a presentation.
M: Hmm.One last question,what do you like and dislike about your job?
W: [4]As I said,variety is important and as for what I don't like,it has to be the checking of charts and tables.
1.What position does the woman hold in the company?
2.What does the woman specialize in at the moment?
3.What does the woman say about trackers?
4.What does the woman dislike about her job?
1.D
【听前预测】四项均为名词短语,均与工作职位相关,且两项提及市场方面的工作(marketing manager,market research consultant)。推测该题以what进行提问,可能是对某人的职位进行考查,涉及市场工作。听音时,应重点关注与工作或职位相关的内容,同时留意与四个选项提到的职位相关的信息。
【解析】在对话一开始,男士就问女士做市场研究顾问多长时间了,女士说自己从大学一毕业就开始做这一行。由此可知,女士在公司担任的职位是市场研究顾问,选项D为正确答案。market research consultant是原词复现。其他三项对话中均未提及,都可排除。
2.A
【听前预测】四项均为名词短语,内容均与某项具体工作相关,其中两项提到了表示研究的词语(research)。推测该题也是以what开头进行提问,可能考查某人所做的具体工作,涉及某项研究。听音时应重点关注与研究相关的工作。
【解析】在对话中,当女士谈到自己的专业时,她说所学的专业帮助自己进入市场研究顾问这一行业,但是对她来说,在不同类型的市场研究中获取经验从而弄清楚自己真正的兴趣所在是更为重要的,男士接着问女士对什么感兴趣,女士回答说自己目前专业从事量化广告研究方面的工作。由此可知,选项A为正确答案。B、C两项对话中虽都有提及,但都是女士所做工作的具体细节;对话中提及了采访者在采访之前会了解基本情况,但没有提及培训,故D项不符合对话内容。
3.D
【听前预测】四项均以they开头,其中两项提到了表示研究的词语(studies,study),两项提到了顾客(customers,customer),一项提到了人们的消费习惯(people's spending habits)。该题考查的内容可能与对顾客消费习惯的研究有关。听音时,应先弄清楚they的指代对象,同时关注与研究、顾客和消费习惯有关的内容,并将重点放在各个选项的关键词上,然后根据问题作出进一步的判断。
【解析】在对话中,女士在回答男士自己对什么感兴趣时提到,自己目前专业从事量化广告研究,也就是在做两种类型的项目。一种是跟踪研究,针对进展中的项目,长期观察其发展趋势或顾客的满意度。由此可知,选项D为正确答案。其他三项对话中均未提及,都可排除。
4.B
【听前预测】四项均为名词短语,两项内容与工作的负面性相关(lack of promotion opportunity、persistent intensity),两项的内容涉及工作的具体细节(checking charts and tables,designing questionnaires)。该题可能以what进行提问,可能是对某项工作不好的方面或者具体细节进行考查。
【解析】在对话的最后,男士问女士对于自己的工作,喜欢和不喜欢的方面分别是什么,女士回答说,她觉得工作的多样性很重要,至于不喜欢的方面就得说是检查图表和表格了。由此可知,选项B为正确答案。其他三项对话中均未提及,都可排除。
Conversation Two
W: Hello.I'm here with Frederick.Now Fred,you went to university in Canada?
M: Yeah,that's right.
W: [5]OK,and you have very strong views about universities in Canada.Could you please explain?
M: Well,we don't have private universities in Canada.[6]They're all public.All the universities are owned by the government,so there is the Ministry of Education in charge of creating the curriculum for the universities and so there's not much room for flexibility.Since it's a government-operated institution,things don't move very fast.If you want something to be done,then their staff do not have so much incentive to help you because he's a worker for the government.So I don't think it's very efficient.However,there are certain advantages of public universities,such as the fees being free.You don't have to pay for your education.But the system isn't efficient,and it does not work that well.
W: Yeah,I can see your point.But in the United States we have many private universities,and I think they're large bureaucracies also.Maybe people don't act that much differently,because it's the same thing working for a private university.They get paid for their job.I don't know if they're that much more motivated to help people.Also,we have a problem in the United States that usually only wealthy kids go to the best schools and it's kind of a problem actually.
M: [7]I agree with you.I think it's a problem because you're not giving equal access to education to everybody.It's not easy,but having only public universities also might not be the best solution.Perhaps we can learn from Japan where they have a system of private and public universities.Now,in Japan,public universities are considered to be the best.
W: Right.It's the exact opposite in the United States.
M: [8]So,as you see,it's very hard to say which one is better.
W: Right,a good point.
5.What does the woman want Frederick to talk about?
6.What does the man say about the curriculum in Canadian universities?
7.On what point do the speakers agree?
8.What point does the man make at the end of the conversation?
5.A
【听前预测】四项均以his开头;两项提到了大学(universities),其中一项是加拿大的大学,另一项是美国的大学;两项提到了高等教育(higher education);三项分别提到了表示观点、理解和建议的词语(view,understanding,suggestions)。该题可能考查与男士有关的信息,涉及他对加拿大或者美国的高等教育的观点、看法或理解。听音时,应重点关注与男士有关的信息,同时留意四个选项的关键词,最后根据问题作出进一步的判断。
【解析】在对话一开始,女士问男士是不是在加拿大读的大学,在得到肯定回答后,女士说男士对于加拿大的大学有着非常鲜明的观点,希望男士解释一下。于是男士接着谈了加拿大大学的特点和自己的看法。由此可知,选项A为正确答案。其他三项对话中均未提及,都可排除。
6.B
【听前预测】四项均以it开头;两项提到了与调整、改变相关的词语(rather inflexible,changes);一项提到了大学(universities)。该题对it的相关信息进行考查,推测it是与大学相关的某方面内容,可能与其是否可改变有关。
【解析】在对话中,当女士让男士解释自己对于加拿大大学的观点和看法时,男士说加拿大没有私立大学,所有大学都是公立的,都为政府所有。所以,大学的课程都是由教育部负责制定,导致没有太多灵活调整的余地。由此可知,选项B为正确答案,inflexible是对对话中的there is not much room for flexibility的同义转述。其他三项对话中均未提及,都可排除。
7.C
【听前预测】三项提到了与大学教育相关的内容,其中两项提到了公立大学和私立大学(Public universities,private universities),并将二者的特征进行了比较(are often superior to,work more efficiently than);一项提到了平等接受高等教育(should be given equal access to higher education)。推测该题考查的内容可能与高等教育有关,可能涉及公立学校和私立学校的教育情况,也可能涉及接受高等教育的机会。
【解析】在对话中,当男士说完加拿大大学的情况之后,女士接着说了美国大学的情况,并说在美国只有富裕家庭的孩子才能进入最好的学校,这实际上也是一个问题。男士接着说自己同意女士的观点,他也认为女士所说的情况确实是个问题,因为美国并没有给每个人平等的入学机会。由此可知,在每个人都该得到接受高等教育的公平机会这一点上两位说话者观点一致,故选项C为正确答案。其他三项对话中均未明确提及,都不是两个人一致同意的观点,均可排除。
8.C
【听前预测】两项提到了大学的教育体系或者管理(university systems,university management),一项同时提到了公立和私立大学(a public university or a private one),一项提到了私立大学的情况(Many private universities...are actually large bureaucracies)。该题可能考查大学的情况,可能涉及大学的教育体系或者管理,也可能涉及公立或私立大学的情况。
【解析】在对话中,男士提到加拿大的大学都是公立大学,女士则提到美国有很多的私立大学。之后,男士又说日本有着私立和公立大学并存的教育体系,在日本,目前人们普遍认为公立大学是最好的。女士说这一点与美国正好相反。男士总结说,所以很难判断哪一种教育模式更好。由此可知,选项C为正确答案。其他三项在对话中都有提到,但并不是男士的观点,都可排除。
Section B
Passage One
【听力原文】
[9]A recent International Labor Organization report says the deterioration of real wages around the world calls into question the true extent of an economic recovery,especially if government rescue packages are phased out too early.The report warns the picture on wages is likely to get worse this year despite indications of an economic rebound.Patrick Belser,an International Labor Organization specialist says declining wage rates are linked to the levels of unemployment.“[10]The quite dramatic unemployment figures,which we now see in some of the countries strongly suggest that there will be greater pressure on wages in the future as more people will be unemployed,more people will be looking for jobs and the pressure on employers to raise wages to attract workers will decline.So,we expect that the second part of the year will not be very good in terms of wage growth."The report finds more than a quarter of the countries experienced flat or falling monthly wages in real terms.They include the United States,Austria,Costa Rica,South Africa and Germany.International Labor Organization economists say some nations have come up with policies to lessen the impact of lower wages during the economic crisis.An example of these is Work Sharing with government subsidies.[11]Under this scheme,the number of individual working hours is reduced in an effort to avoid layoffs.For this scheme to work,the government must provide wage subsidies to compensate for lost pay due to the shorter hours.
9.What is the International Labor Organization's report mainly about?
10.According to an International Labor Organization's specialist,how will employers feel if there are more people looking for jobs?
11.What does the speaker mean by the Work Sharing scheme?
【整体预测】
快速浏览本部分所有选项,根据Government、economic crisis、wage、employees、business operations等词可大致推断本文与经济相关,有可能涉及找工作,也有可能涉及工资待遇等内容。听录音时需特别注意相关的内容,注重对短文细节信息的提取。
9.B
【解题思路】四项都是名词性短语,且都跟经济相关。本题应该是以what开头的提问,考查的内容可能是某个细节或文章主旨,听录音时应将重点放在四项的关键信息上(government's role,worsening real wage situation,economic recovery,impact on people's life)。
【解析】题目问的是国际劳工组织报告的主要内容。短文开头提出,最近的一项国际劳工组织报告称,全世界实际工资状况的恶化令人对经济复苏的真实程度产生质疑。由此可以得出B项为正确答案。A项的关键信息虽然在原文中有提及,但不是该报告的主要内容,故排除;C项在原文中未提及,故排除;D项虽然在原文中也有提及,但不是该报告的主要内容,故也排除。
10.A
【解题思路】四项均提到they,且均描述感受,涉及的主要内容包括less pressure、free to choose、inclined to expand和more confident。本题考查的内容应该是文中的细节,通过对选项内容的理解,可推断本题考查的应该是某类人对某种事物的感受问题。听录音时应将重点放在表示感受的内容及关键动词上(raise,choose,expand,competing)。
【解析】题目问的是如果有更多的人找工作的话,雇主会有什么样的感受。短文中间部分引用国际劳工组织的专家帕特里克·贝尔瑟的话说,未来随着更多的人失业,工资会面临更大的压力,会有更多的人找工作,而且雇主通过提高工资来吸引工人的压力将会下降。由此可以得出A项为正确答案。其他三项表述均与原文内容不符,故排除。
11.C
【解题思路】四项内容分别涉及员工、公司以及政府的做法。本题考查的内容与员工、公司以及政府的做法有关,听录音时着重听清各方的行为和做法。
【解析】题目问的是说话者提到的“工作分享”计划意味着什么。短文的最后部分提到“工作分享”计划时指出,根据这项计划,为了避免裁员,个人的工作时间会缩短。由此可知C项为正确答案。其他三项的表述均与原文内容不符,故排除。
Passage Two
【听力原文】
[12]Is there really a magic memory pill or a herbal recall remedy? I have been frequently asked if these memory supplements work.You know,one of these first things I like to tell people when they ask me about the supplements,is that a lot of them are promoted as a cure for your memory.But your memory doesn't need a cure.What your memory needs is a good work-out.So really,those supplements aren't going to give you that perfect memory in the way that they promise.The other thing is that a lot of these supplements aren't necessarily what they claim to be,and you really have to be wary when you take any of them.[13]The science isn't there behind most of them.They're not really well-regulated unless they adhere to some industry standard.You don't really know that what they say is in there,isn't in there.What you must understand is that those supplements,especially in some eastern cultures,are part of a medical practice tradition.People don't just go in a local grocery store and buy these supplements.[14]In fact,they are prescribed and they're given at a certain level,a dosage that is understood by a practitioner who's been trained.And that's not really the way they're used in this country.The other thing that people do forget is that these are medicines,so they do have an impact.[15]A lot of times people are not really aware of the impact they have,or the fact that taking them in combination with other medications might put you at increased risk for something that you wouldn't otherwise being countering or be at risk for.
12.What question is frequently put to the speaker?
13.What does the speaker say about most memory supplements?
14.What do we learn about memory supplements in eastern cultures?
15.What does the speaker say about memory supplements at the end?
【整体预测】
快速浏览本部分所有选项,根据supplements、herbal medicine、dosage、medications、risks、effect等词可大致推断本文内容与药物有关,并涉及其副作用和风险。此外,根据memory可推断,本文很可能与记忆力有关,听录音时需特别注意相关的内容。
12.A
【解题思路】四项都以whether开头,其中三项都提到memory。本题考查的内容可能是某处细节或文章的主题,听录音时应将重点放在四项的关键信息上(memory supplements,herbal medicine,exercise,a magic memory)。
【解析】题目问的是说话者经常被问到的问题是什么。短文开头就提到是否真的有某种神奇记忆药丸或者某种草药记忆唤醒疗法,人们经常会问“我”这些记忆保健品是否有作用。由此可以得出A项为正确答案。B项只涉及一部分,说法片面,故排除;C项中的“锻炼”虽然在原文中有提及,但这是作者对人们的建议,即提高记忆力所需要的是效果明显的锻炼,故排除;D项的表述与原文内容不符,故排除。
13.D
【解题思路】四项均以they开头,其中三项均描述有利方面。本题考查的内容应该是文中的某处细节,通过对选项内容的理解,可推断本题应该是关于某些药物的作用或特点。听录音时应将重点放在四项的关键词上(help the elderly more,beneficial,side effects,real science)。
【解析】题目问的是关于大多数记忆保健品,说话者说了什么。短文中间部分提到它们中的大多数背后并没有科学的支撑,由此可以得出D项为正确答案。A项在原文中并未提及,故排除;短文提到,那些保健品真的不会像其承诺的那样,给你完美的记忆力,故B项也不正确,可排除;短文后面提到,保健品也是药品,所以它们肯定有副作用,故C项也不正确,可排除。
14.D
【解题思路】四项均以they开头,内容涉及的状态和动作分别为available、taken、collected or grown和prescribed。本题考查的是主语they的某种属性,听录音时应先听清they的指代对象,并将重点放在各选项的关键词上。
【解析】题目问的是关于东方文化中的记忆保健品,我们了解到什么。短文后面提到东方文化时,谈到人们不是只去杂货店买这些保健品,其实他们还有医生的处方。由此可知D项为正确答案。A项的表述与原文内容不符,故排除;文中提到会有一定的剂量,但并未说是大剂量,故排除B项;C项的表述在原文中未提及,故排除。
15.B
【解题思路】四项涉及的内容都与某些事物所带来的结果(后果或效果)有关,比如选项中提到的helpful、entail unnecessary risks、effect和benefited。通过对选项内容的理解,本题考查的内容应该与后果或者影响有关,听录音时应将重点放在四项的关键词上(mental exercise,unnecessary risks,lasts only a short time,benefited from)。
【解析】题目问的是关于记忆保健品,说话者在最后说了什么。短文最后提到,很多时候人们并没有真正意识到它们的副作用,或者与其他药物一同服用可能会增加风险,本来你是不用对抗或者陷入这种危险的。由此可知B项为正确答案。文中并未提及它们跟头脑锻炼一样有帮助,故A项可排除;C项和D项在原文中都没有提及,故都排除。
Section C
Recording One
【听力原文】
The negative impacts of natural disasters can be seen everywhere.In just the past few weeks,the world has witnessed the destructive power of earthquakes in Indonesia,typhoons in the Philippines,and the destructive sea waves that struck Samoa and neighboring islands.
A study by the Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters finds that,between 1980 and 2007,nearly 8,400 natural disasters killed more than two-million people.These catastrophic events caused more than $1.5 trillion in economic losses.
U.N.weather expert Geoffrey Love says that is the bad news."Over the last 50 years,economic losses have increased by a factor of 50.That sounds pretty terrible,but the loss of life has decreased by a factor of 10 simply because we are getting better at warning people.We are making a difference.Extreme events,however,will continue to occur.But the message is that they need not be disasters.”
Love,who is director of Weather and Disaster Risk Reduction at the World Meteorological Organization,says most of the deaths and economic losses were caused by weather,climate,or water-related extremes.These include droughts,floods,windstorms,strong tropical winds and wildfires.
[16]He says extreme events will continue.But,he says extreme events become disasters only when people fail to prepare for them.
“[16][17]Many of the remedies are well-known.From a planning perspective,it's pretty simple.Build better buildings.Don't build where the hazards will destroy them.From an early-warning perspective,make sure the warnings go right down to the community level.Build community action plans.”
[16][18]The World Meteorological Organization points to Cuba and Bangladesh as examples of countries that have successfully reduced the loss of life caused by natural disasters by taking preventive action.
[18]It says tropical storms formerly claimed dozens,if not hundreds of lives,each year,in Cuba.But the development of an early-warning system has reversed that trend.In 2008,Cuba was hit by five successive hurricanes,but only seven people were killed.
Bangladesh also has achieved substantial results.Major storm surges in 1970 and 1991 caused the deaths of about 440,000 people.Through careful preparation,the death toll from a super tropical storm in November 2007 was less than 3,500.
16.What is the talk mainly about?
17.How can we stop extreme events from turning into disasters?
18.What does the example of Cuba serve to show?
【整体预测】
快速浏览各题选项,根据其中的关键词natural disasters、negative impacts、emergencies、prepare、safer places等可以推断,本篇讲话应该与自然灾害、紧急情况、提前准备等内容有关。
16.D
【听前预测】四项均以how开头,可能考查某种方式,又由于是第一题,也可能考查讲话的主题;四项均提及natural disasters,与自然灾害有关;一项含有turn out to be,一项含有appear to be,一项含有negative impacts,问题可能涉及某种消极的影响。各选项分别表示与自然灾害有关的不同方面,本题很可能考查讲话的主题。
【解析】解答本题需要纵观整篇讲话。讲话开头提到,造成巨大生命和财产损失的自然灾害经常发生,但联合国天气专家杰弗里·洛夫指出,虽然这些自然灾害造成的经济损失不断增加,但因灾害而死亡的人数却呈现下降趋势。随着时代的发展,极端的天气事件只有在人们没能做好准备时才会成为灾难。接着讲话提到,世界气象组织以古巴、孟加拉国等国家为例,证明人们现在已经可以通过采取预防措施,成功地减少因自然灾害导致的丧生人数。因此选项D“自然灾害的负面影响可以如何被降低”是本篇讲话的主要内容,故选D。其他三项都没有涉及“通过做好防范工作来应对自然灾害”这一核心内容,故均可排除。
17.B
【听前预测】四项均为以by+动名词结构的短语,表示某种方式;三项含有people,一项提到rescue,一项提到prepare,两项涉及改变(changing,relocating)。本题考查某种应对措施,再结合emergencies和safer,可进一步确认是“紧急情况下的安全应对措施”。
【解析】在讲话的中间部分,讲话者引用联合国天气专家杰弗里·洛夫的话说道:“极端事件只有在人们没能做好准备时才会成为灾难。”就是说,人们现在可以采取多种措施应对自然灾害。即“从规划的角度来说,可以建造更好的建筑,不要在危险可能毁坏它们的地方修建。从提前预警的角度来说,确保预警直接传达到社区层面。建立社区行动计划。”归纳其核心意思可知,防止极端的天气事件变为灾难的主要办法就是通过采取措施使人们提前做好准备,故选B。选项A和C讲话中未提及,对话中提到建筑不要在危险可能毁坏它们的地方修建,但并未提及将人们迁移到更安全的地方,D项也应排除。
18.A
【听前预测】四项均以how开头,可能考查某种方式;两项提及古巴人(Cubans),两项提及热带风暴(tropical storms),一项提及disasters;四项的关键信息词分别为preventive、courageous、suffer from、destructive,应留意相关信息。
结论:本题考查的内容与古巴发生的热带风暴有关,应着重注意讲话提及这一例子的目的。
【解析】讲话在近结尾处举了古巴通过预先采取准备措施来应对自然灾害的例子:“世界气象组织以古巴和孟加拉国为例指出,一些国家已经通过采取预防措施,成功地减少了因自然灾害导致的丧生人数。以前在古巴,热带风暴如果未导致数百人丧生,也会导致数十人丧生。但是提前预警体系的发展已经扭转了那种趋势。2008年,古巴连续被五次飓风袭击,但只造成了7人死亡。”由此可知,古巴热带风暴的例子正是为了说明“预防措施如何能减少生命损失”,故选A。其他三项都偏离了这一例证的目的,故均可排除。
Recording Two
【听力原文】
[19]As U.S.banks recovered with the help of the American government and the American taxpayer,president Obama held meetings with top bank executives,telling them it's time to return the favor.
[19]"The way I see it are banks now having a greater obligation to the goal of a wider recovery,”he said.But the president may be giving the financial sector too much credit."It was in a free fall,and it was a very scary period,"Economist Martin Neil Baily said.
After the failure of Lehman Brothers,many of the world's largest banks feared the worst as the collapse of the housing bubble exposed investments in risky loans.
Although he says the worst is over,Bailey says the banking crisis is not.More than 130 U.S.banks failed in 2009.[20]He predicts high failure rates for smaller,regional banks in 2010 as commercial real estate loans come due.
"So there may actually be a worsening of credit availability to small and medium-sized businesses in the next year or so.”
Analysts say the biggest problem is high unemployment,which weakens demand and makes banks reluctant to lend.[21]But U.S.Bancorp chief Richard Davis sees the situation differently.
“[21]We're probably more optimistic than the experts might be.With that in mind,we're putting in everything we can.Lending is the coal to our engine,so we want to make more loans.We have to find a way to qualify more people and not put ourselves at risk.”
While some economists predict continued recovery in the future,Baily says the only certainty is that banks are unlikely to make the same mistakes twice."You know,forecasting's become a very hazardous business so I don't want to commit myself too much.I don't think we know exactly what's going to happen but it's certainly possible that we could get very slow growth over the next year or two.”
[22]If the economy starts to shrink again,Baily says it would make a strong case for a second stimulus—something the Obama administration hopes will not be necessary.
19.What does president Obama hope the banks will do?
20.What is Martin Neil Baily's prediction about the financial situation in the future?
21.What does U.S.Bancorp chief Richard Davis say about its future operation?
22.What does Martin Neil Baily think of a second stimulus to the economy?
【整体预测】
快速浏览各题选项,根据其中的关键词pay back、government、loans、financial difficulty、recovery、banks、interest rate等可以推断,本篇讲话与金融、政府、信贷、经济复苏等内容有关。
19.C
【听前预测】四项均为以动词原形开头的短语,可能考查即将做某事或被建议做某事;两项提及贷款(loans),两项提及复苏(recovery),应留意相关信息;四项均表示某种积极性、帮助性的行为(pay back,provide,contribute,speed up)。本题可能考查某一对象被建议做某事或即将做某事,其行为会产生某种积极影响,可能与贷款和经济复苏有关。
【解析】题目问奥巴马总统希望各家银行将做什么。讲话开头处提到:“在美国政府和美国纳税人的帮助下,美国银行逐渐复苏,奥巴马总统与银行高层管理者们举行了会谈,告知他们是时候作出一些回报了。”接着引用奥巴马的话指出:“我所看到的情况是,当前银行应为取得更大范围复苏的目标多尽义务。”由此可知,奥巴马总统希望各家银行为更大范围的经济复苏贡献更多力量,故选C。其他三项此处均未提及,故排除。
20.B
【听前预测】四项均提及banks,本题考查的内容与银行的情况有关;四项内容均含有某种消极意义(may have to merge with others,are going to fail,will be hard...to,will have to lay off )。题目可能涉及银行将要面临的某种不利局面,需要重点关注讲话中提到的有关银行业的不利情况。
【解析】讲话在提到马丁·尼尔·贝利的预测时说:“尽管贝利说最坏的时期已经过去,但他说银行的危机还没有结束。2009年,130多家美国银行倒闭。他预言,随着商业地产贷款到期,小型的地方性银行在2010年的倒闭风险较高。”可见,贝利预测小型的地方性银行将出现倒闭潮,故选B。其他三项与讲话内容不符,故排除。
21.D
【听前预测】四项均以it will开头,表示即将做某事,听音时应首先明确it的指代对象;两项提及贷款(loans),一项提及利率(interest rate),说明it很可能是指银行。题目很可能考查银行即将采取的举措或做法,具体是与政府合作、消除不良贷款、降低利率还是提供更多贷款,需要结合题目作出选择。
【解析】在讲话的后半部分,理查德·戴维斯指出:“我们很可能比专家要更乐观一些。抱着这样的想法,我们会尽我们所能。放贷是我们发展的动力,所以我们愿意多放贷。我们必须设法使更多人获得贷款,同时又不使自己陷入风险之中。”可见,面对不景气的经济形势,合众银行未来的运营策略是提供更多的贷款,因为放贷是其发展的动力,故选D。
22.D
【听前预测】四项均以it开头,两项为it won't,两项为it will;四项的关键词分别为help the...economy、do...good to the...banks、win the approval和be necessary。本题考查关于it的情况,听音时应先辨明it的指代对象,并将重点放在其功能和作用方面。
【解析】在讲话结尾处,贝利指出,如果经济再度出现萎缩,将势必要求出台第二轮的强刺激政策——这是奥巴马政府希望没有必要做的事情。也就是说,如果经济再次出现萎缩,那么奥巴马政府则有必要出台第二轮经济刺激政策,但他们不希望这种情况发生,选项D与此相符,故为正确答案。A、B和C项讲话中均未提及,也可排除。
Recording Three
【听力原文】
A new study has failed to find any conclusive evidence that lifestyle changes can prevent cognitive decline in older adults.Still,there are good reasons to make positive changes in how we live and what we eat as we age.
[23]Cognitive decline is the loss of ability to learn new skills,or recall words,names,and faces that is most common as we age.To reduce or avoid it,researchers have examined the effect of smoking,diet,brain-challenging games,exercise and other strategies.
Researchers at Duke University scrutinized more than 160 published studies and found an absence of strong evidence that any of these approaches can make a big difference.Co-author James Burke helped design the study.
"In the observational studies we found that some of the B vitamins were beneficial.Exercise,diet,cognitive stimulation showed some positive effects,although the evidence was not so strong that we could actually consider these firmly established.”
[24]Some previous studies have suggested that challenging your brain with mentally stimulating activities might help.And Burke says that actually does seem to help,based on randomized studies—the researcher's gold standard.
"Cognitive stimulation is one of the areas where we did find some benefit.The exact type of stimulation that an individual uses is not as important as being intellectually engaged.”
The expert review also found insufficient evidence to recommend any drugs or dietary supplements that could prevent or slow cognitive decline.However,given that there is at least some evidence for positive effects from some of these lifestyle changes,plus other benefits apparently unrelated to cognitive decline,Burke was willing to offer some recommendations.
[25]"I think that by having people adopt a healthy lifestyle,both from a medical standpoint as well as nutritional and cognitive stimulation standpoint,we can reduce the incidence of cognitive decline,which will be proof that these factors are,in fact,important.”
James Burke of Duke University is one of the authors of a study reviewing previous research on cognitive decline.The paper is published online by the Annals of Internal Medicine.
23.According to the speaker,what might be a symptom of cognitive decline in older adults?
24.According to James Burke,what does seem to help reduce cognitive decline?
25.What did James Burke recommend to reduce the incidence of cognitive decline?
【整体预测】
快速浏览各题选项,根据其中的关键词learn、temper、cognitive、community、aging、optimistic、unhealthy、doctors等可以推断,本篇讲话与认知、心理健康等内容有关。
23.A
【听前预测】四项均为现在分词短语,且均含有表示某种消极意义的词汇(unable,rather slow,losing temper,losing the ability)。题目可能考查某类人丧失某种能力,需重点留意各选项中的关键信息,并根据题目作出进一步的判断。
【解析】本题考查的是认知水平下降的症状,讲话开头处对老年人的认知水平下降进行了说明:“认知水平下降是随着我们衰老而出现的一种常见的现象,它是指丧失学习新技能或者回忆话语、姓名或脸庞的能力。”对四个选项一一进行分析可发现,选项A提到的being unable to learn new things与讲话中提到的the loss of ability to learn new skills意思相符,故答案为A。其余三项在讲话中均未提及,故应排除。
24.A
【听前预测】四项均为名词短语,分别意为“认知刺激”“社区活动”“均衡的饮食”和“清新的空气”,本题可能以what提问,应该是对某处细节的考查。
【解析】讲话在提到人名信息James Burke时,引用其观点指出:“在观察性研究中,我们发现有一些B族维生素是有益的。运动、饮食和认知刺激表现出一些积极的影响,虽然证据还不够有力,以使我们实际上对这些策略进行确认。此前的一些研究已经表明,让你的大脑挑战一些激发智力的活动可能会有所帮助。伯克说,基于随机性研究(研究者的黄金标准),这样的做法看来的确有所帮助。”由此可知,有确切证据表明有效果的是两个因素:一些B族维生素和让你的大脑挑战一些激发智力的活动。对比四个选项,只有选项A“认知刺激”与后者意思相符,故为正确答案。
25.C
【听前预测】四项均为动名词短语,关键词分别为ignoring、adopting、endeavoring和seeking,且均含有某些正面、积极的意义。从选项来看,可能考查某项建议或某种积极的做法,听音时要注意各选项的关键词。
【解析】题目问的是詹姆斯·伯克对于降低认知水平发生率的建议。讲话近结尾部分提到:“我认为通过使人们采取健康的生活方式,无论是从医疗角度还是从营养和认知刺激角度,我们都能降低认知水平下降的发生率,这将证明这些因素事实上是非常重要的。”选项C中的give up unhealthy lifestyles是对原文中adopt a healthy lifestyle的同义转述,故选C。其他三项都不是詹姆斯·伯克的建议,故均可排除。