第一周
Wednesday
音频
deserve /dɪˈzɜːv/ 听读写译
释义 vt. 值得;应得;应受
助记 de(完全)+serve(服侍,服务)→完全应该提供服务→应得;应受
搭配 get what you deserve 罪有应得
示例 ① Because of her "improvement" theory, I got a lower grade than I deserve. 由于她的“进步”理论,我的分数比我应得的分数低。(2010. 6)② Promoting the full development of tertiary industry deserved to be called a decision with farsightedness. 大力发展第三产业不愧为一项有远见的政策。
派生 deservedly (ad. 理所当然地)‖deserving (a. 值得的;应得的)
同义 earn, merit
语料 He who allows himself to be insulted, deserves to be. 自己甘愿受辱的人,受污辱也活该。(英国作家科福德)
deprive /dɪˈpraɪv/ 听读写译
释义 vt. 剥夺,使丧失
助记 de(=from,脱离)+priv(=seperate,分开)+e→使脱离某人→剥夺,使丧失
搭配 deprive sb./sth. of sth. 剥夺,使丧失
示例 ① I don't think it advisable that parents deprive their children of freedom to spend their spare time as they wish. 我认为父母剥夺孩子的自由,不让他们在空闲时间做自己想做的事,是很不明智的。(2008. 12) ② That student was deprived of his master degree for plagiarism in his thesis. 那个学生因为论文抄袭而被取消了硕士学位。
派生 deprivation (n. 剥夺;丧失;穷困)
语料 The only freedom which deserves the name is that of pursuing our own good in our way, so long as we do not attempt to deprive others of theirs or impede their efforts to obtain it. 可以称之为自由的只有一种形式,那就是——以我们自己的方式追求自己的幸福,只要我们不试图剥夺别人的幸福或阻碍别人努力追求幸福。(英国自由主义哲学家约翰•米尔)
competitive /kəmˈpetətɪv/ 听读写译
释义 a. 竞争的;有竞争力的
助记 com(=together,与…一起)+petit(=seek,追求,寻求)+ive(形容词后缀,有…性质的)→一起追求…的→竞争的;有竞争力的
搭配 competitive advantage 竞争优势
示例 ① Whether they experiment with three-year degrees, offer year-round classes, challenge the tenure system—or all of the above—universities are slowly realizing that to stay competitive and relevant they must adapt to a rapidly changing world. 无论大学是尝试三年制学位、提供全年课程、挑战终身聘任制,还是采用以上全部做法,它们正逐渐意识到,要保持自身竞争力和与时俱进,就必须适应快速变化的世界。(2012. 6) ② A graduate has to be aggressive in today's highly competitive labor market. 在当今高度竞争的劳动力市场上,毕业生必须要有进取精神。
派生 competitively (ad. 有竞争力地)‖competitiveness (n. 竞争力)
反义 uncompetitive
rectify /ˈrektɪfaɪ/ 听读写译
释义 vt. 矫正,纠正,改正
助记 rect(=right,对的)+ify(动词后缀,使成为)→使…成为对的→矫正,改正
示例 ① He will have to work even harder to convince Americans that his company is doing all it can to rectify the situation. 他必须更加努力地工作,让美国人相信他的公司正在尽全力改善目前的状况。(The Economist) ② We'd better take measures to rectify the enterprise before it is too late. 我们应该及时采取措施整顿企业,以免太迟了。
派生 rectifiable (a. 可改正的,可矫正的)‖rectification (n. 改正,矫正)
同义 correct
exceed /ɪkˈsiːd/ 听读写译
释义 vt. 超过(数量);超越(法律、命令等)的限制
助记 ex(=out,向外)+ceed(=go,走)→走出界外,过线→超过,超出
搭配 exceed expectations 出乎预料
示例 ① Readers will be required to pay when they have exceeded a set number of its online articles per month. 当读者每月浏览的在线文章超过一定数量后将被要求付费。(2010. 12) ② The guest team finally win the key match though their rival exceeded in number. 尽管对手占据人数上的优势,客队最终还是赢得了这场关键比赛的胜利。
派生 exceedingly (ad. 极其;非常;很)
同义 surpass
语料 The wisdom of the masses exceeds that of the wisest individual. 三个臭皮匠赛过诸葛亮。
confidence /ˈkɒnfɪdəns/ 听读写译
熟义 n. 信心;把握;信赖 生义 n. 秘密,机密
助记 con(=completely,完全)+fid(=trust,相信)+ence(名词后缀,行为,状态)→信任;自信
搭配 lack of confidence 缺乏自信心
示例 ① Two world wars and a Great Depression rocked the confidence of many people that scientific expertise alone could create a prosperous and ordered world. 许多人认为仅凭科学知识就能建立一个繁荣有序的世界,而两次世界大战和经济大萧条动摇了他们的信心。(2010. 12) ② This speech actively empowered those handicapped children and boosted their confidence in themselves. 这场演讲使残疾儿童更加积极主动地对待命运,增强了他们的自信心。
ignorance /ˈɪɡnərəns/ 听读写译
释义 n. 无知;愚昧
助记 i(=not,不)+gnor(=know,知道)+ance(名词后缀,表状态)→什么都不知道→无知;愚昧
搭配 ignorance of/about sth. 对某事无知
示例 ① Many water scooter operators are inexperienced and ignorant of navigational rules, which increases the potential for accidents. 许多水上摩托车的驾驶者没有经验,而且不了解航行的规则,这就增加了事故隐患。(2008. 6) ② The more you study, the more you discover your ignorance. 知识越多,就越发现自己的无知。
语料 Knowledge makes humble, ignorance makes proud. 博学使人谦逊,无知使人骄傲。
diverse /daɪˈvɜːs/ 听读写译
释义 a. 不同的,相异的;多种多样的
助记 di(=apart,分离)+vers(=turn,转,翻)+e→向不同方向翻转的→不同的;多种多样的
示例 ① During the presidential campaign, Barack Obama assembled a racially and ideologically diverse coalition with his message of hope and change; as the reality of life under a new administration settles in, some of those supporters might become disillusioned. 在总统竞选期间,巴拉克•奥巴马宣称要为人们带来希望和改变,他也因此笼络了一个种族各异、意识形态各异的群体。随着新政府领导下真实生活的逐步展开,一些支持者可能会失望。(2010. 6) ② This magazine deals with subjects as diverse as science theories and latest trend information. 这本杂志涉及科学理论、最新趋势信息等各种主题。
派生 diversify (vt. 使多样化,使变化)‖diversification (n. 多样化)
同义 different, various
反义 similar
reliable /rɪˈlaɪəbl/ 听读写译
释义 a. 可信赖的;可靠的;确实的
助记 re(表强调)+li(=tie,捆)+able(形容词后缀,可…的)→可捆到…上去的→可信赖的;可靠的;确实的
示例 ① The only obstacles to opening up space to tourists are the space agencies, who are concerned with safety and the development of a reliable, reusable launch vehicle. 把太空开放给游客的唯一障碍来自太空旅行社,它们担心安全问题以及可靠、可重复使用的飞行器的开发问题。(2006. 12) ② Not only does the new technique make the touch screen more reliable, it makes it much more precise. 这项新技术不仅使触摸屏更加可靠,也更精确。
同义 trustworthy, dependable
反义 unreliable
contrast 听读写译
熟义 /ˈkɒntrɑːst/ n. 明显的差异;对比‖/kənˈtrɑːst/ v. 对比;形成对比
生义 n. 明显不同的人;颜色反差;图像明暗对比度
助记 contra(相对,反对)+st(=stand,站立)→与…相反站立→对比,对照
搭配 in contrast to 与…形成对照‖by contrast 相比之下
示例 ① The U. S. green card, by contrast, is an almost automatic path to becoming American (after five years and a clean record). 相比之下,拥有美国绿卡几乎可以使人自动获得美国公民身份(持有绿卡五年并无不良记录)。(2008. 6) ② Their material prosperity contrast sharply with the emptiness of their lives. 他们物质上的富足与生活上的空虚形成了强烈的对比。
派生 contrasting (a. 极不相同的,差异大的)‖contrastive (a. 对比的)
evaluate /ɪˈvæljueɪt/ 听读写译
释义 vt. 评估,评价,估计
助记 e(=out,出,外)+valu(=value,价值)+ate(使成为)→使…的价值体现出来→评估,评价
示例 ① A key process in interpersonal interaction is that of social comparison, in that we evaluate ourselves in terms of how we compare to others. 人际互动中的一个重要过程是社会比较,在社会比较中我们通过与其他人相比来评价我们自己。(2012. 12) ② Our research attempts to evaluate which treatment might be the best. 我们通过研究试图评估哪种治疗方法最有效。
派生 evaluation (n. 估价,评价)‖evaluative (a. 可估价的)
同义 assess, estimate
辨析 evaluate, assess和estimate都有“评估,评价”的含义。evaluate指经过深思熟虑后对某物的数量、价值、品质进行评估;assess指对某物或某人的品质或本质进行评价,相对客观;estimate常指在没有确切数据支持的情况下做出的估计,相对主观。
confine /kənˈfaɪn/ 听读写译
释义 vt. 限制,限定;监禁;使离不开(或受困于床、轮椅等)‖n. 界限;范围
助记 con(=completely,完全)+fin(=end, boundary,界限)+e→完全受限→监禁
搭配 confine sb./sth. to sth. 把某人或某物限制于…
示例 ① The injury will confine Anna to bed for quite a while. 这次受伤将使安娜卧病在床很长一段时间。(2012. 6)② The zoologists are trying to prevent the endangered elephants from leaving the confines of this preservation. 动物学家们试图阻止濒危的大象离开这个保护区的范围。
派生 confined (a. 受限制的;狭窄的)‖confinement (n. 禁闭,关押)
同义 restrict, limit
link /lɪŋk/ 听读写译
熟义 n. 联系;关系‖vt. 把…连接起来;相关联;说明…之间有联系
生义 n. 交通路线;(链状物的)环,圈‖vt. 挽住;钩住
搭配 link up with sb./sth. 与…连接,结合
示例 ① "It's no secret that children learn words, but the words they tend to know are words linked to specific situations in the home," explains Schafer. 谢弗解释说:“孩子们可以学会单词这并不是什么秘密,但是他们倾向于认识那些与家中特定情景相关的词。”(2006. 12)② The new research shows cigarette smoke contains thousands of chemical substances, many of which had a strong causal link to the development of lung cancer. 最新的研究表明,香烟烟雾中含有几千种化学物质,其中很多与肺癌有紧密的因果联系。
派生 linkage (n. 连接,联系)
同义 connect
语料 A chain is no stronger than its weakest link. 链条的坚固程度取决于它最薄弱的环节。
federal /ˈfedərəl/ 听读写译
释义 a. 联邦制的;联邦政府的
助记 feder(=league,联盟)+al(关于…的)→联邦的
示例 ① The stack of congressional regulations governing federal student grants and loans now stands twice as tall as I do. 管理联邦学生助学金和贷款的国会规章堆放起来是我身高的两倍。(2012. 6) ② Federal law requires public schools to help disabled students through special education service. 联邦法要求公立学校通过特殊教育服务帮助残障儿童。
派生 federalise (vt. 使结成联邦)‖federalism (n. 联邦制)
density /ˈdensəti/ 听读写译
释义 n. 密集;稠密;密度
助记 dens(=make thick,变浓厚)+ity(性质,状态,程度)→密集;稠密
示例 ① Medieval agriculture in northern Europe fed, clothed and sheltered a predominantly rural society with a much lower population density than it is today. 北欧的中世纪农业保障了以农业为主导的社会的衣食住行,但是当时的人口密度要比今天的小得多。(2008. 12) ② The area had a population density of ten people per square mile. 该地区人口密度为每平方英里十人。
同义 thickness
disastrous /dɪˈzɑːstrəs/ 听读写译
释义 a. 极糟糕的,灾难性的,完全失败的
示例 ① One need only look at the examples of Canada, Sweden, Australia or Germany, where Saturday delivery is charged extra, to see the non-disastrous effects of such a policy. 我们只要看看加拿大、瑞典、澳大利亚或德国这几个针对周六递送收取额外费用的例子就会知道,这一政策并不会带来什么灾难性的后果。(The Economist) ② The building was nearly destroyed by a disastrous fire. 这座建筑几乎被一场灾难性的大火摧毁了。
派生 disastrously (ad. 灾难性地)
同义 catastrophic
ignite /ɪɡˈnaɪt/ 听读写译
释义 v. (使)燃烧,着火;点燃
助记 ign(=fire,点火)+ite(表示行为)→点火的行为→使燃烧
示例 ① "United 93" is the first feature film to deal explicitly with the events of September 11, 2001, and is certain to ignite an emotional debate. 《93号航班》是第一部正式涉及“9•11事件”的专题电影,毫无疑问它会引起感情上的争论。(2008. 6) ② Tempers ignited when the whole family reunited and spent Spring Festival together. 全家人团聚到一起过春节,大家心里都很激动。
派生 ignition (n. 点火装置;着火)‖ignitable (a. 可燃烧的)
conform /kənˈfɔːm/ 听读写译
熟义 v. 顺应,随潮流;遵守,服从 生义 v. 相一致,相符合,相吻合
助记 con(=together,共同)+form(形式)→大家按照共同形式去做→遵守;相一致
搭配 conform to sth. 顺从;遵守;相符合
示例 ① In it the majority of students will have conformed to the standard model of the time: male, middle class and Western. 讲堂里的大部分学生都符合那个年代的标准模式:男性、中产阶级和西方人。(2011. 6) ② If children disagree or don't conform to their parents' expectations, the parents will get confused or irritated. 如果孩子不同意或者不能顺从父母的期望,父母就会困惑或生气。
派生 conformist (n. 循规蹈矩的人)‖conformity (n. 遵从;随大流)
feature /ˈfiːtʃə(r)/ 听读写译
熟义 n. 特征,特点;专题节目‖v. 以…为特色,是…的特征;起重要作用
生义 n. (电影的)正片,故事片
搭配 geographical features 地理特征;地貌
示例 ① Featuring no famous actors, it begins with images of a beautiful morning and passengers boarding an airplane. 没有什么著名的演员参演,该影片以乘客在一个美丽的清晨登机的画面开始。(2008. 6) ② Many of the restaurants featured in the guidebook offer special deals for vacation breaks. 旅游指南书中列出的很多餐厅都提供假期的特别优惠。
派生 featureless (a. 没有特色的,平淡无奇的)
同义 characteristic, trait
alike /əˈlaɪk/ 听读写译
释义 a. 相像,十分相似‖ad. 十分相像地;同样地
助记 a(呈…状态,以…方式)+like(像,似)→呈相似状态,以相似方式→相像,十分相似
搭配 share and share alike 平均分享
示例 ① Since it began in 1994, the national lottery has created over 3,200 millionaires. It is the country's most popular form of gambling, played by rich and poor alike. 自1994年创办以来,国家彩票已经让超过3200人变成了百万富翁,这是这个国家最流行的赌博方式,不管穷人和富人都参与其中。(The Economist) ② The twin brothers are so alike that even their parents can hardly distinguish one from the other. 这对孪生兄弟长得如此地相像,以至于即使是他们的父母也很难把他们区分开。
派生 alikeness (n. 同样,相似)
同义 similar
语料 A famed person and a fattened pig are alike in danger. 人怕出名猪怕壮。
comply /kəmˈplaɪ/ 听读写译
释义 v. 遵从,服从,顺从
助记 com(=completely,全)+ply(充满,完善)→(为满足某人意愿)做得完美→(对要求、命令等)服从,顺从
搭配 comply with sth. 遵从某事物
示例 ① The reason for central bank's tough stance is that it has to comply with the European Union's banking and anti-money-laundering law. 中央银行的立场之所以如此坚定,是因为它必须遵从欧盟的银行和反洗钱法。(The Economist) ② Failure to comply with safety regulations will result in punishment. 不遵守安全规则将受到惩罚。
派生 compliance(n. 遵从,服从,顺从)
opportunity /ˌɒpəˈtjuːnəti/ 听读写译
释义 n. 机会,时机
搭配 opportunity to do sth./of doing sth. 做某事的机会
示例 ① That's both an opportunity and a warning for the best higher-education system in the world. 这对世界上最好的高等教育体制既是一个机遇又是一个预警。(2012. 6) ② An optimist sees an opportunity in every calamity; a pessimist sees a calamity in every opportunity. 乐观的人在灾难中看到机会;悲观的人在机会中看到灾难。
同义 chance, occasion
语料 Our destiny offers not the cup of despair, but the chalice of opportunity. So let us seize it, not in fear, but in gladness. 命运给予我们的不是失望之酒,而是机会之杯。因此,让我们毫无畏惧,满心愉悦地把握命运吧。(美国前总统尼克松)
freight /freɪt/ 听读写译
释义 n. 货运,运送‖vt. 寄送,运送(货物)
生义 vt. 使充满(某种心情或语气)
示例 ① When the network gets complete, it will integrate three types of railway line: totally new high speed lines with trains operating at speeds of 300 kilometers per hour, upgraded lines which allow for speeds up to 200 to 225 kilometers per hour, and existing lines for local connections and distribution of freight. 当欧洲高速铁路网建成后,它将整合三类铁路线:列车时速可达每小时300公里的全新高速铁路线,升级后列车每小时可运行200至225公里的铁路线,以及现有的供本地联络和货运的铁路线。(2007. 12) ② The benefits of this project include reduced travel time for passengers and freight transport and lower transport costs. 该项目的好处包括减少客运和货运交通所用的时间以及降低交通成本。
派生 freighter (n. 货船;运输飞机)
resident /ˈrezɪdənt/ 听读写译
熟义 n. 居民,住户;(旅馆的)住宿者‖a. (在某地)居住的
生义 n. (美国的)高级专科住院实习医生
助记 re(反复,加强)+sid(=sit,坐)+ent(做…动作的人)→一再坐下来的人→居民,住户
示例 ① Last September, the 28-year-old Chicago resident resolved to cut plastics out of her life. 去年九月,一名28岁的芝加哥居民决心要将塑料从她的生活中剔除。(2011. 12) ② All the local residents protested against the wasted water from the textile mill poured into the lake. 当地居民一致抗议纺织厂将污水排入湖中。
派生 residential (a. 适合居住的;提供住宿的)
同义 inhabitant
empirical /ɪmˈpɪrɪkl/ 听读写译
释义 a. 以实验(或经验)为依据的;经验主义的
助记 em(=out,出)+pir(=try out,尝试)+ical(…的)→通过尝试得出来的→以实验为依据的
示例 ① Empirical evidence showed that although advertisers would respond only after some time, the eventual gain was worth the wait. 经验证据显示,尽管广告商做出反应需要一段时间,但最终的收益还是值得这段等待的。(The Economist) ② Empirical evidence supports the efficacy of these treatments. 经验证据证明这些治疗方法是有效的。
派生 empirically (ad. 以经验为主地)
反义 theoretical
famine /ˈfæmɪn/ 听读写译
释义 n. 饥荒
示例 ① Another (militant group) then claimed the declaration of famine was a Western ploy to gain influence. 另一个(武装集团)则宣称,饥荒声明是西方国家获得影响力的一个手段。(The Economist) ② These weeks of excessive rain have once again raised the fear of widespread famine. 几星期来的大雨再次引起了人们对于大饥荒的恐惧。
同义 hunger, starvation
反义 plenty, abundance
语料 Everybody says children are for old age as corn is for a famine. 积谷防饥,养儿防老。
marvellous /ˈmɑːvələs/ 听读写译
释义 a. 极好的,非凡的
示例 ① Earthquakes are a horrible way of changing the physical landscape—but geopolitical ones can have marvellous results. 地震是一种改变自然地貌的可怕方式,但地缘政治的地震却能产生令人惊叹的结果。(The Economist) ② Their performance was marvellous. 他们的演出太精彩了。
同义 amazing
stereotype /ˈsteriətaɪp/ 听读写译
释义 n. 老一套;刻板印象‖v. 对…形成模式化的看法
搭配 stereotype... as... 将…模式化地视为…
示例 ① The traits that characterise him are very contradictory to the racial stereotypes that black people are aggressive and uneducated. 他身上所具有的特征和黑人野蛮、未受过教育的种族偏见完全相反。(2010. 6) ② He doesn't conform to the usual stereotype of the company employee with a black suit and briefcase. 他的形象不同于人们印象中公司职员穿黑色西服、提着公文包的样子。
派生 stereotyped (a. 老一套的)‖stereotyping (n. 刻板印象)
cumulative /ˈkjuːmjələtɪv/ 听读写译
释义 a. 聚积的,渐增的;累积的
助记 cumul(=heap,堆积)+ative(有…性质的)→渐增的;累积的
示例 ① Knowledge is cumulative, easy to share and generates benefits that spill rapidly across borders. 知识可以积累也便于分享,还能产生效益,它产生的效益会快速满溢,超越国界。(The Economist) ② One sign of increasing maturity in the strategy field is an increasing attention to cumulative, rather than individual theory development. 在战略领域日益成熟的一个标志就是更加重视理论发展的累积,而非单个理论的发展。
派生 cumulatively (ad. 渐增地,累积地)‖cumulativeness (n. 渐增,累积)
同义 accumulative, increasing
trial /ˈtraɪəl/ 听读写译
熟义 n. 审讯;试验,试用‖v. 测试,试验,试用
生义 n. 预赛;比赛;考验
搭配 trial and error 反复试验,不断摸索‖on trial 受审;试用
示例 ① Rather than just another weird episode in the town that brought you protesting environmentalists, this latest drama is a trial for how today's parents perceive risk. 这不仅仅是一场能给这座城市带来游行抗议的环保主义者的奇怪事件,这场最新的闹剧是对如今的父母如何感知风险的一次考验。(2009. 12) ② At the trial he said over and over that he had done it to settle his conscience, but nobody listened to him. 庭审时,他不停地说这样做是为了让自己良心安稳,但没有人听他的。
语料 As fruit needs not only sunshine but cold nights and chilling showers to ripen it, so character needs not only joy but trial and difficulty to mellow it. 正如水果的成熟不仅需要阳光,也需要寒夜和冰冷的雨水,人的性格陶冶不仅需要欢乐,也需要考验和困难。(美国作家休•布莱克)
universal /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsl/ 听读写译
释义 a. 普遍的,全体的,共同的;广泛适用的
助记 uni(=one,一,单一,统一)+vers(=turn,转动)+al(…的)→绕某个东西转动的→普遍的;广泛适用的
示例 ① Thus, science will kill religion—not by reason challenging faith but by offering a more practical, universal and rewarding moral framework for human interaction. 因此,科学将消灭宗教,不是用理智挑战信仰,而是通过为人类交往提供一个更为实际、通用而有益的道德框架。(2008. 6) ② These are universal principles, not just for people who call themselves journalists but for anyone who wants to be trusted for what they say or write. 这些是普遍原则,不仅适用于那些自称新闻工作者的人,也适用于所有想让别人相信自己的言语和文章的人。
派生 universality (n. 普遍性;多方面性)‖universally (ad. 全体地;一致地)
同义 common, general
反义 individual
语料 All progress is based upon a universal innate desire on the part of every organism to live beyond its income. 世人莫不怀着一种与生俱来的欲望,要使支出超过收入,此乃一切进步的动力。(英国作家塞缪尔•巴特勒)
bewilder /bɪˈwɪldə(r)/ 听读写译
释义 vt. 使迷惑,使糊涂
示例 ① Rows over gay marriage and women bishops bewilder most people. 大多数人对同性婚姻和女性主教的争论感到困惑。(The Guardian) ② I confess myself bewildered by his sudden change of mood. 我承认他情绪的突然转变使我感到困惑。
派生 bewildering (a. 令人困惑的,使人糊涂的)‖bewilderment (n. 迷惘,困惑)
同义 confuse
glow /ɡləʊ/ 听读写译
熟义 v. 发出暗淡的光;发红,发热‖n. 暗淡的光;容光焕发,满面红光
生义 v. 喜形于色;色彩鲜艳‖n. 金色,红色;喜悦
示例 ① After firefighters extinguish a blaze they usually look carefully for glowing embers before rolling up their hoses and heading off. 在扑灭一场大火之后,消防队员通常会在卷起消防水带离开之前仔细检查燃烧发红的余烬。(The Economist)② There was no light in the room except for the occasional glow of embers in the hearth. 除了壁炉里偶尔有余烬发出的微弱红光外,这个房间里没有一点亮光。
派生 glowing (a. 灼热的;热情洋溢的)
同义 blaze
commemorate /kəˈmeməreɪt/ 听读写译
释义 vt. 纪念,作为…的纪念
助记 com(=completely,完全)+memor(=remember,记忆)+ate(使成为)→使完全成为记忆→纪念
示例 ① Since the 1915 publication of John McCrae's war poem "In Flanders Fields", the poppy has been used to commemorate soldiers who have died in war. 自从1915年约翰•麦克雷的战争诗歌《在法兰德斯战场》发表后,罂粟花就被用来纪念在战争中牺牲的士兵。(The Economist) ② A series of documentaries were shown to commemorate the 30th anniversary of China's reform and opening up. 为了纪念中国改革开放30周年上映了一系列纪录片。
派生 commemoration (n. 纪念;纪念仪式)‖commemorative (a. 纪念的)
同义 honor, celebrate
sheer /ʃɪə(r)/ 听读写译
熟义 a. 完全的‖ad. 垂直地;陡峭地;完全地 生义 a. 陡峭的;透明的
搭配 sheer nonsense 一派胡言
示例 ① It is a sheer waste of time. 这简直是在浪费时间。(2011. 12) ② It would be sheer insanity to attempt to play football in such bad weather. 天气这么糟糕还要去踢足球,这简直是疯了。
同义 steep
语料 Light a candle for a blind person—a sheer waste. 瞎子点灯白费蜡。
harsh /hɑːʃ/ 听读写译
熟义 a. 残酷的;恶劣的;刺眼的 生义 a. 刺耳的;粗糙的
示例 ① He needs a vehicle to be used in harsh weather. 他需要一辆在天气恶劣时使用的车。(2010. 12) ② You can't deny someone because of some absurd and harsh slanders. 你不能因为一些荒唐、恶劣的诽谤而否定一个人。
同义 rough, coarse
反义 smooth
辨析 harsh, rough和coarse都有“粗糙的”的含义。harsh指感官上粗糙、刺耳等感觉,强调其所带来的不舒服、不愉悦之感;rough指物体表面不光滑,高低不平的;coarse指因加工不精细而使某物质地粗糙,也指人的言谈举止粗俗、不文雅。
toss /tɒs/ 听读写译
熟义 v. 扔,抛;掷硬币决定;使摇摆‖n. 掷硬币决定;投掷
生义 v. 摇匀;甩(头)
搭配 toss and turn 辗转反侧‖toss a coin 抛硬币决定问题
示例 ① The tradition of parade—watchers clamouring for, and marchers tossing, strands of beads dates back to the 1920s. 观众叫喊着要串珠,游行者扔串珠——这个游行的传统可以追溯到20世纪20年代。(The Economist) ② Individuals who have difficulty initiating sleep often toss and turn in bed and try to force sleep to come. 有入睡障碍的人常常在床上翻来覆去,强迫睡意到来。
同义 throw, cast
pursue /pəˈsjuː/ 听读写译
释义 vt. 追求;继续探讨;跟踪;追赶;追捕
助记 pur(向前)+sue(=follow,追随)→追随前面的人→追求
搭配 to pursue a goal 追求目标
示例 ① Miller developed a 7-step process to help potential job seekers assess their current situation and beliefs, identify their real passion, and start on a journey that allows them to pursue their passion through work. 米勒制定了一个七步法以帮助潜在的求职者评估现状和信念,发现他们真正的激情所在以及开启一段通过工作追逐激情的旅程。(2007. 6) ② The criminal they pursued intermingled with the crowd in hope that they would lose sight of him. 他们追捕的罪犯混在人群中,想让他们找不到他。
派生 pursuer (n. 追求者;追赶者;追捕者)‖pursuit (n. 追求;追赶)
同义 chase, follow
语料 Happiness is a butterfly, which, when pursued, is always just beyond your grasp, but which, if you will sit down quietly, may alight upon you. 幸福是一只蝴蝶,你要追逐它的时候,总是追不到;但是如果你轻轻地坐下来,它也许会飞落到你身上。(美国作家纳撒尼尔•霍桑)
undergo /ˌʌndəˈɡəʊ/ 听读写译
释义 vt. 经历,经受
示例 ① Researchers recruited 820 adults who had undergone a routine physical exam at a health clinic in 1988, and then interviewed them in detail about their workplace conditions—asking how nice their colleagues were, whether their boss was supportive and how much autonomy they had in their position. 研究人员招募了820名曾经在1988年在健康诊所做过例行身体检查的成人,并询问了这些人关于他们办公条件的一些细节问题,如:他们的同事如何?他们的老板是否支持他们?他们所从事的职位有多大的自主权?(2012. 12)② The way in which we communicate has undergone a radical transformation in the past decades. 在过去几十年里,我们的通讯方式经历了彻底的变革。
同义 experience
语料 Those who expect to reap the blessings of freedom must undergo the fatigue of supporting it. 那些想要收获自由之果的人们必须承受维护自由的劳苦。(美国作家托马斯•潘恩)
enclose /ɪnˈkləʊz/ 听读写译
释义 vt. 把…围起来,围住;随…附上
助记 en(在内)+close(关闭)→被关在内→围住
示例 ① Seconds later, the car was enclosed in flames. 几秒钟后,那辆轿车就被火焰包围了。(2006. 12) ② All notes should be enclosed in parenthesis. 所有注释都应该用圆括号括起来。
派生 enclosed (a. 围住的;附上的)‖enclosure (n. 圈占地;附件)
同义 surround, envelop
反义 disclose