最有影响力的斯坦福演讲
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第12章 以简单的愉悦换取更复杂 更富有挑战性的快乐(3)

What is the defining difference between passive and active citizens? Curiously, it isn‘t income, geography, or even education. It depends on whether or not they read for pleasure and participate in the arts. These cultural activities seem to awaken a heightened sense of individual awareness and social responsibility.

Why do these issues matter to you? This is the culture you are about to enter. For the last few years you have had the privilege of being at one of the world’s greatest universities-not only studying, but being a part of a community that takes arts and ideas seriously. Even if you spent most of your free time watching Grey‘s Anatomy, playing Guitar Hero, or Facebooking your friends, those important endeavors were balanced by courses and conversations about literature, politics, technology, and ideas.

Distinguished graduates, your support system is about to end. And you now face the choice of whether you want to be a passive consumer or an active citizen. Do you want to watch the world on a screen or live in it so meaningfully that you change it?

That’s no easy task, so don‘t forget what the arts provide.

Art is an irreplaceable way of understanding and expressing the world- equal to but distinct from scientific and conceptual methods. Art addresses us in the fullness of our being-simultaneously speaking to our intellect, emotions, intuition, imagination, memory, and physical senses. There are some truths about life that can be expressed only as stories, or songs, or images.

Art delights, instructs, consoles. It educates our emotions. And it remembers. As Robert Frost once said about poetry,“It is a way of remembering that which it would impoverish us to forget.”Art awakens, enlarges, refines, and restores our humanity. You don’t outgrow art. The same work can mean something different at each stage of your life. A good bookchanges as you change.

My own art is poetry, though my current daily life sometimes makes me forget that. So let me end my remarks with a short poem appropriate to the occasion:

PRAISE TO THE RITUALS THAT CELEBRATE CHANGEPraise to the rituals that celebrate change, old robes worn for new beginnings,solemn protocol where the mutable soul, surrounded by ancient experience, grows young in the imagination‘s white dress.

Because it is not the rituals we honor

but our trust in what they signify, these rites that honor us as witnesses-whether to watch lovers swear loyalty in a careless worldor a newborn washed with water and oil.

So praise to innocence-impulsive and evergreen- and let the old be touched by youth’swayward astonishment at learning something new, and dream of a future so fitting and so justthat our desire will bring it into being.

Congratulations to the Class of 2007.

汉语回放(尚地译)

早上好。谢谢你,亨尼斯校长。

很荣幸被邀请来我的母校作这次毕业典礼演讲。尽管我从斯坦福大学获得了两个学位,我依然觉得自己在这优美的校园中像是一个入侵者。

一个人无法彻底摆脱他的童年。从内心上讲,我仍然是个工人阶级家庭的孩子--一半是意大利血统,一半是墨西哥血统。我来自洛杉矶,或者更准确地说,来自霍桑。也就是大多数观众从昆汀·塔伦蒂诺的《低俗小说》和《危险关系》中认识到的那个霍桑一样--那是两部抓住了我家乡那不可言喻的魅力的电影。

今天是父亲节,所以我希望大家能够允许我用我自己的事迹来开始我的演讲。我是我们家里第一个考上大学的人,我把我受的教育归功于我父亲,他几乎牺牲了一切来让我们四个孩子尽可能获得最好的教育。

我父亲一生非常艰苦。他直到上学时都不会说英语。在二战一次飞机失事中他险些丧生。他工作卖力,但除了家庭之外没什么成功可言。

大概在我12岁的时候,我父亲告诉我说他希望我能够去斯坦福,一个我从没听说过的地方。对他来说,斯坦福代表着他所错过的,但却为孩子所期盼的一切成功之事。不管今天我的演讲是多么的枯燥乏味,他都应当会为我感到骄傲。

另一方面,我也许应该庆幸我的母亲不在这里。今天不是母亲节,所以我可以实话实说。我深爱着她,但是她却是我的一个挑战。比如说,当她得知我被提名为国家艺术基金会主席的时候,她打电话跟我说:“不要觉得自己很了不起。”

我知道,当我被宣布为毕业典礼发言人时确实产生了一些争议。有些同学非常介意我缺少显赫的名人身份这件事。我也确实同意我是不够有名。就像我经常对我的妻子和孩子说的那样:“我确实不够有名。”

而这--以更普遍而非个人的观点--就是我今天想表达的主题,事实上,我们生活在一种缺乏认同,以及很少颂扬艺术或艺术家的文化氛围中。

这里我很想做一个实验。我想调查一部分来自于社会各个阶层的国人,问他们能够说出多少现役NBA球员、美国棒球大联盟球员,以及美国偶像复赛选手的名字。

然后我要问他们能说出多少在世的美国诗人、剧作家、画家、雕塑家、建筑家、古典音乐家、指挥家以及作曲家的名字。

我更想问问他们能叫出多少在世的美国科学家或是社会思想家的名字。

五十年前,我猜大多数美国人除了能脱口而出米奇·曼托、威廉·梅斯以及桑迪·考法克斯之外,至少能够说出罗伯特·弗罗斯特、卡尔·桑德堡、亚瑟·米勒、逊尔顿·威德尔、乔治亚·奥吉弗、雷昂纳德·伯恩斯坦、李奥汀·普莱丝以及弗兰克·罗伊德·莱特,更不用说莱纳斯·鲍林、约纳斯·索克、蕾切尔·卡逊、玛格丽特·米德这样的人,尤其是阿尔弗雷德·金赛博士这样的科学家和思想家。

我不认为那时的美国人更聪明一些,不过那时的美国文化倒确实是。就连大众媒体都更加注重对众多的人类成就进行展示。

我主要是在移民人群中长大的,他们中的许多人从未学过英语。但是每当晚上看着各种各样的电视节目,比如《艾德·苏利文秀》或者《派瑞柯莫音乐大厅》时,我看到从喜剧演员、流行歌手,到电影明星--比如古典音乐家亚莎·海菲兹和阿图尔·鲁宾斯坦,歌剧演员罗伯特·梅里尔和安娜·莫福,还有爵士乐巨星艾灵顿公爵以及路易斯·阿姆斯特朗,他们都用自己的艺术俘获了成千上万的观众的心。