第1章 走向世界的明清小品——汉英对照本“处世三奇书”序

The Sketches of the Ming and Qing Dynasties Going Abroad

--Preface to the "Three Canons of PersonaI CuItivation"

赵丽宏

Zhao Lihong

“处世三奇书”是中国古典文学的汉英对照本。在中国传统文化的出版物中，这是一套体例新颖的双语读本。这个读本，不仅向读者展现了中国古典文学一方迷人的天地，也为对中国文化有兴趣的英语读者提供了一个学习的园圃。读者可以由中文而英文，也可以由英文而中文。研习英文的中国读者，学习中文的外国读者，都可以在其中获得阅读的乐趣。

"Three Canons of Personal Cultivation" is a Chinese-English version of Chinese classical literature.In the publications of Chinese traditional culture,this is a set of bilingual readings with new style.It not only shows the charming world of Chinese classics,but also provides a learning garden for English readers who are interested in Chinese culture.Readers can read the canons in two ways,either from Chinese to English or from English to Chinese.Both Chinese readers who are learning English and foreign readers who are learning Chinese are enabled to get the pleasure of reading them.

《菜根谭》《小窗幽记》和《围炉夜话》是明清时期流传下来的三本以修身养性、劝善励志为中心话题的清言体小品集，作者分别是洪应明、陈继儒和王永彬。因其在同类书中出众的地位和影响力，被世人誉为“处世三奇书”，颇受文人墨客和普通百姓的喜爱。

The Roots of Wisdom,Meditative Notes in Solitude and Fireside Talk at Night are the three famous books successively appearing in the Ming Dynasty（1368—1644）and the Qing Dynasty（1644—1911），with subjects mainly on moral cultivation and inspirational exhortations on doing good and working hard,and therefore known as the "Three Canons of Personal Cultivation" out of their unparalleled status in books of the same kind and influence among the intellectuals and ordinary people.

华夏文化的发展，每个历史时期都有创造性的文学形态，并在各自领域中登峰造极，成为一个时代的文化标记。明清两朝也不例外，在前后五个多世纪里，小说显然是明清时期的一个主要文化特色，其次就是那些饱蕴着智慧才情、展示着世态风情的辑录和承载着先人学说和思想的格言体小品集了。通过这些作品，我们可以清楚地了解到：优秀的文学家，是中国传统文化的脊梁，他们那些形诸文字的精神与情感结晶是中华文明最有生命力的一部分。世风日下依然能倡导并坚持孝悌，物欲横流依然能淡泊名利，仕途得意依然能心存忧患意识，遭遇不测依然能泰然处之，国家危亡依然能竭尽忠诚，温饱之余依然能不忘劳作之苦，生活清贫依然能寄情山水，凡此种种，都是这些优秀文人留给后世的宝贵精神财富。

In the long history of China,cultural development of each era has its own creative literary form and insurmountable height,thus becoming a cultural mark of the time,the same those of the dynasties of Ming and Qing.During more than five centuries,the novels and fictions are of course the primary literary identity of the dynasties,and the collections brimming with human wits and revealing the ways of the world and the compilations of previous classical works,ancestors'quotes and their developed writings must be the next.Through these works and writings,we see clearly that the excellent literati are really the backbone of Chinese classical culture,and that the crystallization of spirit and emotion they created in words is one of the most vivid parts of Chinese civilization.As the breeders of the civilization of that times,even when the general moves were getting worse and worse they would remain faithful to filial piety and fraternal duty;even when in an acquisitive time they would remain indifferent to fame and wealth;even when content with their official careers they would remain preoccupied with the misery consciousness;even when coming across unexpected occurrences they would remain unruffled and take them calmly;even when the state was in peril they would remain loyal;even when having enough food and clothing they would remain concerned about the pain of labor;even when living a poor life they would remain disposed to bask in the poetic mood between mountains and rivers.--All these refined qualities are the precious spiritual wealth the excellent literati handed down to us later generations.

“处世三奇书”所收纳的短句小品均为清言体，风格相似，读起来朗朗上口，既有诗歌的韵律又有散文的流畅。这些编辑成集、主题鲜明的短句小品，是被柔美化了的格言，似诗非诗，似文非文，是小品文的一种，形式上是介于箴言警句和散文之间的文体，通常由前后对仗或排比的两句或两段组成，以达到均衡与和谐之美。由清言汇集而成的书籍叫清言集或清言体小品集，有分编和不分编两种，题材自由，体例松散，所收清言小品数量少则近百则、多则数百则不等，每则小品的篇幅少则七八个字，多则逾百。内容涵盖古贤经典和民俗文化，其中尤以演绎儒道释三家之言为多，形式短小精致，文风飘逸清雅，具有“小品中的小品（林语堂语）”的美称。

The short sketches contained in the "Three Canons of Personal Cultivation" are all with distinctive themes,clear-spoken,similar in style,easy to read,and full of the rhythm of poetry and fluency of prose.So far as the form is concerned,these sketches belong to a kind of maxims literarily beautified with a manner of seemingly like but actually not a poem or seemingly like but actually not a prose,normally composed of two sentences or two paragraphs adorned with antitheses,couplets and other rhetoric devices to achieve the beauty of balance and harmony,and with its writing style lying between maxim and prose.The collections with such writings are called clear-and-upright sketches,usually there being two ways of compilation,classified or non-classified,either freely with subject matter or loose in layout,in which the pieces collected vary from nearly one hundred to several hundreds,and Chinese characters used in different pieces vary from seven or eight to more than a hundred,and the contents arranged cover Chinese classics and folk culture,mostly related to the sayings derived from the theories of Confucianism,Taoism and Buddhism.They are short in length,vivid in format and elegant in expression,and therefore praised by Mr.Lin Yutang（a famous modern Chinese scholar）as "a mini-sketch of sketches".

“处世三奇书”的可贵之处在于：三位作者皆以其丰富的学养、渊博的知识、明敏的思辨、冷隽的文字、促人深省的儆诫、益人心智的启迪，以及豁达如禅的觉醒，从古贤经典和民俗文化中撷取菁华但又不简单地复述这些原文，而是在赋予它们一定的情景衬托后将其锻造成一个个既养眼又养心的段子，于寥寥隽语中将经典所含的意旨优雅地展现在读者面前，充分诠释了中国传统文人的文化底蕴和人文情怀，为世人展现了一幅古人修身养性的清晰图景，让读者在诵读这些金科玉律时多了一份愉悦感和亲近感。

The praiseworthiness of the "Three Canons of Personal Cultivation" is as obvious as this:instead of simply quoting the original sayings,the three authors,by applying their rich learning and cultivation,profound knowledge,dialectical thinking,grave and stern expressions,thought-provoking warning,meditative enlightenment and self-awareness,turned out their sketches in the least paradoxes to exemplify the extracts from the classical works and folk culture,and gave prominence to the pieces well matched with relevant scene,sight,circumstances,background or landscape,thus achieving the effect of being pleasant to readers'eyes and minds.Their endeavors fully annotate the cultural deposits and humanistic sensibilities of the traditional literati,and thus enable us to have the opportunity to see a clear picture of the personal cultivation of the ancients,and make us feel more pleasure and intimacy than ever in reading the famous aphorisms of ancient classics.

十年前，周文标先生在上海人民出版社出版发行《菜根谭》汉英对照本时，我曾为他写过一篇序。据我所知，十余年来，他一直不懈地致力于用英文翻译和编撰中国传统典籍，并在呈现方式上做了积极的探索。这次他与百花洲文艺出版社共同成套推出“处世三奇书”汉英对照本，足见他这些年在这方面所倾注的时间和精力。周文标先生是上海市作家协会的会员，我为我们作协有这么一位孜孜不倦向世界推广中国传统文化的同仁感到骄傲。衷心祝贺他的“处世三奇书”汉英对照本成功出版，这是明清小品走向世界的一次积极尝试。期待他有更多新著在不久的将来问世。

10 years ago,when Mr.Zhou Wenbiao's The Roots of Wisdom in Chinese-English version was about to be published by Shanghai People's Publishing House,I wrote a preface for him.As I know,Mr.Zhou has been unceasingly spending most of his spare time on translating and compiling Chinese classics in English for more than ten years,and has made an active scrutiny into the modes of presentation.This time,he and Baihuazhou Literature and Art Press jointly plan to issue the "Three Canons of Personal Cultivation" in the form of three-in-one packing,which shows how much time and energy he has devoted in this respect.Mr.Zhou is a member of Shanghai Writers Association,and I am proud to have such a colleague who has been working so tirelessly to introduce Chinese traditional culture to the world.Here I'd like to extend my hearty congratulations on his successful publication of the Chinese-English "Three Canons of Personal Cultivation"，thinking that it is a positive attempt for the sketches of the Ming and Qing Dynasties to go abroad.Furthermore,I'll look forward to seeing his more new works to be published in the near future.

是为序。

It's my pleasure to write this preface as above.

2018年7月31日于四步斋

Four-Pace Study in Shanghai

July 31st，2018