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第1章 典型大型工程机械概述
1.1 工程机械基本知识概述
1.1.1 工程机械的基本概念
工程机械是用于工程建设的施工机械的总称,广泛用于建筑、水利、电力、道路、矿山、港口和国防等工程领域,种类繁多。
工程机械是中国装备工业的重要组成部分。概括地说,凡土石方施工工程、路面建设与养护、流动式起重装卸作业和各种建筑工程所需的综合性机械化施工工程所必需的机械装备,都称为工程机械。它主要用于国防建设工程、交通运输建设,能源工业建设和生产、矿山等原材料工业建设和生产、农林水利建设、工业与民用建筑、城市建设、环境保护等领域。
1.1.2 工程机械类组划分(表1⁃1⁃1~表1⁃1⁃20)
表1⁃1⁃1 挖掘机械
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab6025.jpg?sign=1734391970-37Xoiur2kOKs64fTNMtasKHlDjrGqVj0-0-2cbdbd6cbd1e4c4681a286b5c4597d95)
续表
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab6036.jpg?sign=1734391970-VnLDiSTt2Z3sapj3mhICdi4md9AK9boj-0-8fdb5ec62ed00d5c87e7e271712a73c5)
表1⁃1⁃2 铲土运输机械
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab6037.jpg?sign=1734391970-YM3eGxuIgwFJyXOE8KY89YMXL4bw8FCg-0-fd613b883046c22d1fd4c21a60d04926)
续表
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab6057.jpg?sign=1734391970-xveGbh0AFLBK5eYPaXgWoN3PgcqOwHBo-0-0432255810a0d8f46d97b9aa22b9ea21)
表1⁃1⁃3 起重机械
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab6068.jpg?sign=1734391970-ISQkg4jCZjJ5Q95O18GttQBkK7P17eky-0-42133bc69e44e3b447ec4e011d9c487f)
续表
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab6078.jpg?sign=1734391970-XeSOMDCMc5N5Ny8hG4T0uB4S0JWMUZ05-0-d206eb9b0e630b30ed37fc97cbb50fe3)
表1⁃1⁃4 工业车辆
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab6089.jpg?sign=1734391970-fLpshlJ90ghcvFTxgSbTpHkEjeb5agdp-0-d1bf9e5a86eee590bf1ef92b0f7d09b5)
续表
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab609A.jpg?sign=1734391970-5V1FQ3WhcvqlkcYZr5e5v8QbOoDuts0i-0-abf104dd8896b9fea1eda2fa6b1c90a3)
表1⁃1⁃5 压实机械
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab60AA.jpg?sign=1734391970-DNEiqdvlHCRJ2NY4OLrdW8MEzIT9xdcP-0-8d61a96c0c726551ed22cf344d7c45ac)
续表
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab60CA.jpg?sign=1734391970-SHOBD1H7dNx6A629C3ICv1mvXEl6A90g-0-e26577cbe9903e20cad9b8dca0cc112a)
表1⁃1⁃6 路面施工与养护机械
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab60DB.jpg?sign=1734391970-rjtCjUFVloj4agOwmom5SUb14xwmdu5M-0-864a633c7d625ff873c64486afa1e758)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab60EC.jpg?sign=1734391970-DFSdbrqHtpWsbixRqoQ1PSRT6BcYzYd1-0-8f716a2018afb1f6e9e673e4cdf70ea8)
续表
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab60ED.jpg?sign=1734391970-4QEVAxUdRGOyP3iVqAiJytyxTP1qLx9W-0-cd975c0980c269e5393325b6361dc860)
续表
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab610D.jpg?sign=1734391970-kASrO8Kll0PYLTjbe0apoLvTSJpACD1s-0-277d677665a8018c096a5bf8046389da)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab612D.jpg?sign=1734391970-c8BCTSg4twHlTMz9uo3nV1VXqD3ZCByL-0-19ffe12593a167dbdef04f7843f5e15a)
续表
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab613E.jpg?sign=1734391970-5I5juLtWKIHm1HxN0MO667v9Jwcu7fUn-0-f251182b2f1d89a5804cbbc0381ac110)
续表
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab615E.jpg?sign=1734391970-xq7UTMmcD9kacGbCLMdSIrV7lqnTzENs-0-3346d6d840c56d657ab5ef465be9d15f)
表1⁃1⁃7 混凝土机械
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab616E.jpg?sign=1734391970-zg3iI6FStkynC73lq2WMfvrONFdjiOdP-0-cdf9e60a2831b7c473d6d261fb3c41e3)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab617F.jpg?sign=1734391970-F2LBK9kWNqDnW30BSTNPbfQ3DeTXX5Rt-0-86a680b4e2c09957bf6ca8cad7f4c8f8)
续表
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab6180.jpg?sign=1734391970-czDemmH59U7YVoWzOKJIYY2f14PnjjqT-0-ecd4991e2519ab3eae61a27171d064a8)
续表
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab61B0.jpg?sign=1734391970-4cwPrvMED0iYuudzVHC9q5BMcyDAuhkG-0-f2a47ed068ce2aa6d490e3ac2c77fc5c)
表1⁃1⁃8 掘进机械
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab61E0.jpg?sign=1734391970-gZS45drS7ajQtL8fU6ApIqhbj9d9GYAW-0-b93595f82d929d779b826ec21d4bfb3d)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab61E1.jpg?sign=1734391970-Re83r1bxu8G3Aw6t0X3mbkSekrrtewwg-0-41091fc9568836947e87f624250d90ef)
表1⁃1⁃9 桩工机械
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab61F1.jpg?sign=1734391970-gIbonjvk2QL7a2Emt7UGU8TosTyvJpde-0-8e4ff56a2b1c885e66f48291d11363ac)
续表
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab61F2.jpg?sign=1734391970-tUxAyJ6Ke6Nj0U9lTiPn18v741PqiSAj-0-626447148a64ca5e293c6073d123e99e)
续表
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab6212.jpg?sign=1734391970-pBbpbZDcd7EVeaMnfXmyTfgN1gUKj8FA-0-57fd42137c7a1c4b1713ba3963b31824)
表1⁃1⁃10 市政与环卫机械
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab6233.jpg?sign=1734391970-js5yYq50ze3Z0dnoYDLFdNkRA2uqXjLt-0-62241ea821bfce001189983620005b8d)
续表
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab6243.jpg?sign=1734391970-rWC4EveUCNjV9BlESkq9bHpWR3jLZ6Qw-0-4ccdd4305f4c8e53e09fb83cdc3b8cc2)
续表
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab6263.jpg?sign=1734391970-Bzti0vXfEG3TJVTW8GRMfMNepYqBmQNY-0-d5bf1725f4f7bc09bdb04184431fd1b6)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab6274.jpg?sign=1734391970-V1CNI23PAI8aO05Vhx2s3ol61Xw7hsN6-0-0aee288ac803368b10a804fa4a4d5516)
续表
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab6285.jpg?sign=1734391970-tdwRlfqqpn4zZUCWjg1xRxnvUu6zMsDK-0-09820528bde5047faec049fc40c599ac)
表1⁃1⁃11 混凝土制品机械
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab6295.jpg?sign=1734391970-HL0aTE1DBj1NG4hD0275FnlhmzO7uQr4-0-81ff5b5f9a08f66ac919fe000e5564a6)
续表
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab62A6.jpg?sign=1734391970-8SrhpUo6YovNRbcPRsXnc49xuVGa1YYA-0-aac0c9b42db087dabc8c9f81bdc59e63)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab62B6.jpg?sign=1734391970-6vhddVaKl0URa5amzMoBUn92nqwjSVFC-0-f732403a39357c3b60ce037d2cc1ac00)
续表
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab62D7.jpg?sign=1734391970-wLzBA8igqRr8TTnc0VAnKNNtgmgFUt10-0-0a90b990e4cf27000b5b86c707c3fa12)
表1⁃1⁃12 高空作业机械
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab62D8.jpg?sign=1734391970-mL06OVZtmbFGoce1U24fdy6059yRnrUE-0-db2f749ee5677a48efc308cc0f3c3e32)
表1⁃1⁃13 装修机械
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab62F8.jpg?sign=1734391970-KjmCeOhzEbrkKiyVojwc704joQI4PS1P-0-8f26192739b6fcadcb0bc23ccc8ee28d)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab62F9.jpg?sign=1734391970-Dd2i7TF92m9l3X1Y1YfYhCfMyQWlXJ3H-0-b134cacd450f32fb9ce5e4924c5b2a46)
续表
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab6319.jpg?sign=1734391970-CqB8rMop75IwAUmXkQfLfqN2RpqGzvQC-0-fd93bfe693bcad52f8edc77eb6701868)
表1⁃1⁃14 钢筋及预应力机械
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab6339.jpg?sign=1734391970-cdwlLx6pM5YH0VzE1SdIGlmXQMA8IzfA-0-90f0cc77671f61cf96c5b80bfb68925b)
续表
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab633A.jpg?sign=1734391970-uFtxXQBuKYEwREOeaMUz6BD1NutEgIpU-0-a868658933828e25f0ee99dff5fcc11b)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab634B.jpg?sign=1734391970-YynZUaswxwp3pxr4wmGbK8o2YkrjD2zw-0-55cb9f5354239addde4032e89155f776)
续表
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab636B.jpg?sign=1734391970-o8hDpOc16BXmxqeCzcw84CbFGBPOvi2W-0-604dcbe9de46e212716902615bc76a20)
表1⁃1⁃15 凿岩机械
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab637C.jpg?sign=1734391970-byEs4L065bC4x3UPMvNucBPbfmUPGzBy-0-68b03b007113b6d7af8ebbda347cb4cf)
续表
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab638C.jpg?sign=1734391970-O22U79lfI1zJ8FjiTEqbizGQUXyZV6gv-0-632952fa34f4e47097e437b30e9d7f37)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab638D.jpg?sign=1734391970-xkh6C7EhLA3lfoxUlv2HPRwc8WEwjnzm-0-ec3d04011a8cb77f1fe892067505efe6)
表1⁃1⁃16 气动工具
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab639E.jpg?sign=1734391970-WzYnbQFDQ4SElN4UTX5ldeIWQw3A8P7A-0-8d1360ead9b048bcd1db43061fa2eec0)
续表
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab63AE.jpg?sign=1734391970-WA23JTpxWfGsd2Gad9UcGiZuNO9gZjXh-0-8dffbab46953981036ee75ee15cacbbc)
续表
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab63CF.jpg?sign=1734391970-p88E9Hmr8yQkea04NVeJClvHOjlyujPh-0-24555e41082798e3ab934f643c307091)
表1⁃1⁃17 军用工程机械
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab63DF.jpg?sign=1734391970-lwyyCGl2yjMUSlHQihcWSXq7M28GHCPQ-0-b31c090f350a1178d1fdd618dab9a667)
续表
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab63FF.jpg?sign=1734391970-tMwpTEIG5ML6FCJfvI3uPEiig7ILWwPe-0-ecbb9d27511daacf204a4cc0b8f7dc30)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab6410.jpg?sign=1734391970-vsPGwygpapeXkseR1isIXUHhBUJN2ZSH-0-07b5760b62a5feee22947e8a4e90bc80)
续表
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab6421.jpg?sign=1734391970-w2bNo84EQXneJzZdUxJi5Uc4YDPaEhqP-0-9c36ea5a3ba264b564b49fc81f1c628c)
表1⁃1⁃18 电梯及扶梯
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab6431.jpg?sign=1734391970-eIvONrivoJgKF9vMXJnRYdJL5muDeS8e-0-f39edbaadd6c91999719b3461ed54187)
续表
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab6442.jpg?sign=1734391970-4byJQWfPybpdykL8TQSqygNj5QkmrmLx-0-f66b90f9768db9ff333eb24921605e28)
表1⁃1⁃19 工程机械配套件
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab6443.jpg?sign=1734391970-4eOA70P5DaGY8k71tNxlk8II9c3WRLO2-0-724c0bdca13afc892b870a826e499d2b)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab6453.jpg?sign=1734391970-5sMmk4oCTcXHiPXU9wg7S4sClp3Q0zPK-0-99b4d2ab1591b44a85c7f1bce0da5213)
续表
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab6464.jpg?sign=1734391970-bk6e9e2aSnXjSaWZSjOIebmfcMhYPjL1-0-da316172530309b6bfad8afb5fb8d617)
续表
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab6484.jpg?sign=1734391970-3wwaqRjXlOcKH3bXneN28vF2b1rsaI30-0-6227af9bf084b683103b72c679cade72)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab64A4.jpg?sign=1734391970-iGVdkFDFENmO7MXbUQUK4vVygh9gSPeO-0-52d68eadfefa3599b380ad94ce182727)
续表
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab64A5.jpg?sign=1734391970-6mI65y1TvdvobCo2OSb7tdk1CK8KsvJ1-0-0dbb78301680020c98cd78686b4e191a)
表1⁃1⁃20 其它专用工程机械
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab64C6.jpg?sign=1734391970-V1NjtJ5uutZPWzceMRkBmNSKfKyRu4k8-0-3eac45a7ef334810b7bdc53dc2812d3c)
续表
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab64C7.jpg?sign=1734391970-9UezwCFZB7EaljCSWVbqTWG1poDNGrVh-0-c7431f2ec2306f8ed842ac3b4f7b1ba8)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab64E7.jpg?sign=1734391970-qLWiVgUZH0ILsjHOxpGPARgrT1F120rK-0-7be1106093f346cd99aa926a6bb61e8a)
续表
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/211EC5/21838958301791906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/tab64F7.jpg?sign=1734391970-lQzrNGSCCLXYz4unIzXdwm4yFZEvlxAh-0-133bcbcfbdf1e7673c45913f002c2bd6)