科学馆中的奇妙自然
上QQ阅读APP看书,第一时间看更新

彩虹、小水滴和太阳

彩虹:“我们地球上有句话,‘不经历风雨,哪能见彩虹?’我总是在雨后出现,我和太阳、小水滴有着密不可分的关系。”

Rainbow: On the earth,there is a saying that “no storm,no rainbow”. I always appear after a rain. I have an inseparable relationship with the sun and small water droplets.

彩虹:“雨后的天空飘浮着大量的小水珠。如果这时候天气放晴,阳光照射到空气中的小水珠上,就会发生折射,变成七彩光。”

JOJO:“折射是什么?”

彩虹:“光从一种透明介质斜射入另一种透明介质时,传播方向一般会发生变化,这就是折射。”

Rainbow: After the rain,the sky will float a large number of small droplets. If the weather clears up and the sun shines on small droplets of water in the air,refraction will occur.

JOJO: What is refraction?

Rainbow: Refraction is a phenomenon when light is obliquely projected from one substance into another,and the direction of light is deflected.

JOJO:“阳光不是白色的吗?”

彩虹:“太阳的白光其实是由多种颜色的光组成的复色光。不同颜色的光在小水珠里的折射率不同,会把自然光分离开来,这就是色散。”

JOJO:“哦,色散就是把复色光的多种颜色分开。这样我们就看到了彩虹的七种颜色。”

彩虹:“对,你好聪明啊!”

JOJO: Isn’t sunlight white?

Rainbow: Sunlight is not white. It is actually a multi-color light,because the refractive indices of colors of light in small droplets are different,which separates the natural light. This is the phenomenon of dispersion.

JOJO: Oh,is dispersion the decomposition of polychromatic light into monochromatic light?

Rainbow: Yes,you are very smart!

彩虹:“阳光进入小水滴发生第一次折射,不同折射率的光被分开,七彩光从小水滴反射出来时发生了第二次折射,七彩光被分得更开了,就形成了我们看到的彩虹。”

JOJO:“哦,原来阳光在小水滴中经过折射、反射、再折射后就形成了七彩光。”

Rainbow: Sunlight is reflected in small droplets,and then there is another dispersion. The light with different refractive indices is separated and arranged in order to form the seven-color rainbow.

JOJO: Oh,so the sunlight becomes the seven-color light after refraction,reflection and dispersion in droplets.