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The pwd command

The pwd Bash builtin prints the current working directory for the script to the standard output:

$ pwd
/home/bashuser

This information is also available in the PWD environment variable, which can be more flexible to use in scripts.

The working directory for the shell refers to the directory from which all relative paths are based, even if they have multiple levels of directories in them:

$ pwd
/home/bashuser/docs
$ ls important/doc1.txt
important/doc1.txt
$ ls doc2.txt
doc2.txt
$ ls nonexistent
ls: cannot access 'nonexistent': No such file or directory

Any path that starts with a forward slash – a leading slash – is instead an absolute path, and resolves independently of the current directory:

$ ls /home/bashuser/important/doc1.txt
/home/bashuser/important/doc1.txt
$ ls /home/bashuser/doc2.txt
/home/bashuser/doc2.txt