Supervised learning

With supervised learning, your main task is to develop a function that maps inputs to outputs. For example, if you have input variables (x) and an output variable (y), then you can use an algorithm to learn the mapping function from the input to the output:

y = f(x)

The goal is to approximate the mapping function so well that when you have new input data (x), you can predict the output variables (y) for it.

For example, you have a bunch of fruits and baskets. You have started labeling the fruits and baskets as apple, banana, strawberry, etc., When you are done with labeling all the fruits into their corresponding baskets, now your job is to label the new fruit that comes in. You have already learnt all the fruits and their details by labeling them. Based on the previous experience you can now label the new fruit based on its attributes like color, size and pattern.