口腔肿瘤生物学:基础和临床
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第三章 细胞分化与肿瘤细胞分化 Chapter 3 Cell Differentiation and Tumor Cell Differentiation

【提要】
从受精卵发育成多细胞的人体,经历了细胞的增殖、迁移、凋亡和分化过程。细胞分化是同一来源的细胞逐渐发生各自特有的形态结构、生理功能和生化特征的过程。其结果是在空间上细胞之间出现差异,在时间上同一细胞和它以前的状态有所不同。人们越来越认识到肿瘤不仅是细胞异常增生的结果,从发育生物学的观点来讲,肿瘤也是细胞分化障碍的结果,甚至有人认为肿瘤本身是一种分化疾病,是由于正常基因功能受控于错误的表达程序所致。
In the fertilized egg,a variety kinds of cells begin differentiation,and the differentiated different cells form the organs and finally form embryo taking the process of cell proliferation,migration,differentiation and apoptosis.In this sequence,cell differentiation is the final process of gradual transformation with formation of the specific structures according to their physiological functions and biochemical characteristics.Such biological phenomena result in the diversities between the cells in space dimension,showing different structures according to the developing phase.People becomes more and more clear to recognize that the cancer is not only the result of abnormal cell proliferation,but also the result of cell differentiation disorders at the stages of the tissue and organ developments,supposing that cancer is a kind of differentiation disorder caused by the impairment of normal function of the genes by wrong programs due to oncogenes and mutation of cancer suppressor genes.