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2.2.8 编译安装过程中的常见问题及解决方法
问题一：运行“./configure”时报“error:zlib library not found”错误是怎么回事？示例如下：
osdba@ubuntu01:~/src/postgresql-12.2$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pgsql12.2 --with-perl --with-python checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu .... .... checking for inflate in -lz... no configure: error: zlib library not found If you have zlib already installed, see config.log for details on the failure. It is possible the compiler isn't looking in the proper directory. Use --without-zlib to disable zlib support.
答：这是没有安装zlib开发包的缘故，请安装zlib开发包。
问题二：我已安装了libreadline6安装包，但运行“./configure”时仍报“error:readline library not found”错误是怎么回事？示例如下：
osdba@ubuntu01:~/src/postgresql-12.2$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pgsql12.2 --with-perl --with-python checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu ... ... checking for library containing readline... no configure: error: readline library not found If you have readline already installed, see config.log for details on the failure. It is possible the compiler isn't looking in the proper directory. Use --without-readline to disable readline support.
答：包安装错误，需要安装开发包，即安装libreadline6-dev开发包，而不是libreadline6安装包。
问题三：在运行“./configure”时报以下警告，是否会导致编译出来的PostgreSQL功能缺失？示例如下：
checking for bison... no configure: WARNING: *** Without Bison you will not be able to build PostgreSQL from Git nor *** change any of the parser definition files. You can obtain Bison from *** a GNU mirror site. (If you are using the official distribution of *** PostgreSQL then you do not need to worry about this, because the Bison *** output is pre-generated.) checking for flex... no configure: WARNING: *** Without Flex you will not be able to build PostgreSQL from Git nor *** change any of the scanner definition files. You can obtain Flex from *** a GNU mirror site. (If you are using the official distribution of *** PostgreSQL then you do not need to worry about this because the Flex *** output is pre-generated.)
答：不会影响编译出来的PostgreSQL的功能。该警告的意思是说没有Bison和Flex工具，因此无法使用Git方式编译。这里未使用Git，所以没有影响。Bison是自动生成语法分析器的程序，Flex则是自动生成词法分析器的程序，在PostgreSQL中主要用于SQL的词法解析和语法解析。因为源码包中已经生成了词法解析和语法解析的C源代码，所以没有Bison和Flex也可以正常编译。当然也可以安装Bison和Flex这两个工具，命令如下：
sudo aptitude install bison flex
问题四：在运行make时报“cannot find -lperl”错误，示例如下：
gcc -O2 -Wall -Wmissing-prototypes -Wpointer-arith -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Wendif-labels -Wmissing-format-attribute -Wformat-security -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -fexcess-precision=standard -fpic -shared -o plperl.so plperl.o SPI.o Util.o -L../../../src/port -Wl,--as-needed -Wl,-rpath,'/usr/lib/perl/5.14/CORE',--enable-new-dtags -fstack-protector -L/usr/local/lib -L/usr/lib/perl/5.14/CORE -lperl -ldl -lm -lpthread -lc -lcrypt /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lperl collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status make[3]: *** [plperl.so] Error 1 make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/osdba/src/postgresql-9.2.3/src/pl/plperl' make[2]: *** [all-plperl-recurse] Error 2 make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/osdba/src/postgresql-9.2.3/src/pl' make[1]: *** [all-pl-recurse] Error 2 make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/osdba/src/postgresql-9.2.3/src' make: *** [all-src-recurse] Error 2
答：这是因为在运行“./configure”时加了--with-perl但未安装perl开发包。注意，未安装perl开发包在运行“./configure”时并不报错，而make的时候会报错。在Debian或Ubuntu下，只需安装libperl-dev包即可：
sudo aptitude install libperl-dev