Part One Key Vocabulary for CAS English Entrance Examination for Doctorate Candidates

Group 1

精讲与巧记

sway 1. vi.When people or things sway,they lean or swing slowly from one side to the other．摇摆·The people swayed back and forth with arms linked. // 2.vt. If you are swayed by someone or something, you are influenced by them．影响·You might think you are being objective but you could unwittingly sway the readers with your choice of words.

zeal n. Zeal is great enthusiasm, especially in connection with work, religion, or politics（．尤指对工作、宗教或政治的）热衷·Whatever the cause, there is no doubt that their zeal for political reform has cooled.

entity n. An entity is something that exists separately from other things and has a clear identity of its own．实体·Since the East and West Germanies were unified, they are a political entity.

testify 1.vt./vi.When someone testifies in a court of law,they give a statement of what they saw someone do or what they know of a situation, after having promised to tell the truth.（在法庭上）作证·Executives at Apple, several publishing companies and other retailers are expected to testify at the trial. // 2.vi.to show clearly that something is the case 表明·Anyone who has been watching the Super 14 this season will testify to his brilliance.

navigation 1. n. You can refer to the movement of ships as navigation．航行·In the navy, he learned all about navigation, mathematics, mechanics, communications and electronics engineering. // 2. n. the science or job of planning which way you need to go when you are travelling from one place to another 巡航·Precision Products makes navigation and guidance systems for military and space purposes.

bust 1. vt.If you bust anything,you break it or damage it so badly that it cannot be used．打碎· Tony busted the door down. // 2. n. A bust is a statue of the head and shoulders of a person.半身像·On the tables are busts of Lincoln.

surgeon n. A surgeon is a doctor who is specially trained to perform surgery．外科医生· When you need brain surgery, are you looking for the best surgeon or the cheapest surgeon?

herald 1. n. Something that is a herald of a future event or situation is a sign that it is going to happen or appear．预兆 · I welcome the report as a herald of more freedom. // 2. n. In former times, a herald was a person who delivered and announced important messages．使者，先驱·Henry dispatched his royal herald, Rouge Croix, in return.

indirection n. indirect procedure, courses, or methods 迂回·When you don't need it, you should keep your design simple and not add unnecessary levels of indirection.

monetary adj.Monetary means relating to money, especially the total amount of money in a country．货币的·They also tried to manage their exchange rates and their monetary policies independently of each other.

layoff n. When there are layoffs in a company, people become unemployed because there is no more work for them in the company．解雇·Following a job loss or layoff, professionals turn to self-employment largely out of desperation.

route n. A route is a way from one place to another．路线·He lined out the route for the sightseers.

elapse vi.When time elapses,it passes.（时间）流逝·Forty-eight hours have elapsed since his arrest.

agonize vi. If you agonize over anything, you feel very anxious about it and spend a long time thinking about it．伤脑筋·As a mother, I agonize over what my children will inherit.

restoration 1. n. repairing something such as an old building or a piece of furniture, so that it looks the same as when it was first built or made 恢复·Major restoration work will begin in May. // 2. n. the act of bringing back a law, tax, or system of government 恢复，复位· They're fighting for the restoration of democratic rights.

bearable adj.If anything is bearable, you feel that you can accept it or deal with it．可忍受的· In some cases, the woman's family and friends may act as if the abuse is bearable or deny its existence altogether.

drainage n. Drainage is the system or process by which water or other liquids are drained from a place．排水；排水系统·It has now put a break in the dam to control drainage around the site.

retain vt. To retain something means to continue to have that thing．保留·By taking these steps you retain your sense of dignity and worth as well as prepare for success in your future work.

deception n. Deception is the act of deceiving someone or the state of being deceived by someone.欺骗；受骗·These designations can confuse older consumers, who are already at risk for deception and fraud.

速练

Quick Review—Group 1

Directions: Choose the most suitable word from the three choices.

1. A magician uses ________. (deception, allusion, misconception)

2. His speech could not ________ the interest of his audience. (deserve, retain, counteract)

3. A cool breeze made the heat ________. (zealous, inhalable, bearable)

4. The ________ of historic monuments has instead been left largely to the generosity of private donors. (augmentation, restoration, installation)

5. I ________ for a while before buying a new toothbrush. (agonize, agitate, analyze)

6. He foxed his pursuers by taking another ________. (lute, bait, route)

7. Sixty percent of the teachers at Mariposa-Nabi Primary School in Los Angeles have received________ notices. (layoff, takeoff, tip-off)

8. Several eyewitnesses ________ that they saw the officers hit Miller in the face.(announced, publicized, testified)

9. He's got it all: talent, passion, ________, a clear head—and he hates to lose. (zeal, height, weight) 10. Don't ever be ________ by fashion. (defeated, swayed, damaged)