Group 40

精讲与巧记

irresponsible adj.If you describe anyone as irresponsible,you are criticizing them because they do things without properly considering their possible consequences．不负责任的·I felt that it was irresponsible to advocate the legalisation of drugs.

dose n. A dose of medicine or a drug is a measured amount of it which is intended to be taken at one time．剂量·One dose of penicillin can wipe out the infection.

miracle n. If you say that a good event is a miracle, you mean that it is very surprising and unexpected．奇迹·It is a miracle no one was killed.

breakage n. Breakage is the act of breaking something．破裂，断裂·Brushing wet hair can cause stretching and breakage.

variable 1. adj.Something that is variable changes quite often,and there usually seems to be no fixed pattern to these changes．易变的，多变的·There was a bit of wind and it was blowing onshore, variable, but quite strong. // 2. n. A variable is a factor that can change in quality, quantity, or size, which you have to take into account in a situation．变量·Decisions could be made on the basis of price, delivery dates, after-sales service or any other variable.

bypass n. A bypass is a main road which takes traffic around the edge of a town rather than through its centre．旁道·A new bypass around the city is being built.

pinch vt. If you pinch a part of someone's body, you take a piece of their skin between your thumb and first finger and give it a short squeeze．捏，掐·She pinched his arm as hard as she could.

intend vi.If you intend to do anything,you have decided or planned to do it．想要，打算·She intends to do A levels and go to university.

crooked adj.If you describe anything as crooked,especially anything that is usually straight,you mean that it is bent or twisted．弯曲的，扭曲的·A crooked civil servant sold hundreds of British passports on the black market. A court heard yesterday.

grievance n. If you have a grievance about anything that has happened or been done, you believe that it was unfair．委屈，冤情·You start with the grievance, then move to the fantasy of retribution, then to guilt, and then to an original childhood fear.

sanction 1. vt.If anyone in authority sanctions an action or practice,they officially approve of it and allow it to be done．批准·He may now be ready to sanction the use of force. // 2. n. Sanctions are the measures taken by countries to restrict trade and official contact with a country that has broken international law．制裁·He expressed his opposition to the lifting of sanctions.

abrupt adj. sudden and unexpected 突然的·In the 14th century, four centuries of mild weather came to an abrupt halt in Europe.

rhythmic adj.A rhythmic movement or sound is repeated at regular intervals,forming a regular pattern or beat．有节奏的·Good breathing is slow, rhythmic and deep.

reward 1. n. A reward is something that you are given, for example because you have behaved well, worked hard, or provided a service to the community．奖励·He was given the job as a reward for running a successful leadership bid. // 2. vt.If you do anything and are rewarded with a particular benefit, you receive that benefit as a result of doing that thing．奖励·Make the extra effort to impress the buyer and you will be rewarded with a quicker sale at a better price.

sensitive adj. If you are sensitive to other people's needs, problems, or feelings, you show understanding and awareness of them．敏感的·The classroom teacher must be sensitive to a child's needs.

permanence n. the state of lasting for a long time or for all time in the future 持久，永久·The spoken word is immediate but lacks permanence.

lag vi.If one thing or person lags behind another thing or person,their progress is slower than that of the other thing or person．落后·He now lags 10 points behind the champion.

proliferate vi.If things proliferate,they increase in number very quickly．激增，（迅速）繁殖·Computerized data bases are proliferating fast.

bounty n. generous actions; sth. provided in large quantities 慷慨，大方·Somali pirates cost the world economy a lot more than just the bounty they steal.

controversy n. Controversy is a lot of discussion and argument about something, often involving strong feelings of anger or disapproval．争论，辩论·The proposed cuts have caused considerable controversy.

速练

Quick Review—Group 40

Directions: Fill in the blanks from the words in the block below.

1. The notes are ___________ as an introduction to the course.

2. You have to drive slowly on these ___________ country roads.

3. The charity is totally dependent on the Church's ___________.

4. In recent years commercial, cultural, travel and other contacts have ___________ between Europe and China.

5. The small amount of compensation is a further source of __________ to the people forced to leave their homes.

6. Apparently, the aide had acted without White House __________.

7. He was always so __________ and caring.

8. We no longer talk of the __________ of marriage.

9. Check that your insurance policy covers __________ and damage during removals.

10. Never exceed the recommended __________ of painkillers.

Model Test Eight (Groups 36-40)

Directions: Choose one word or expression from the four choices given.

1. The management's decision to ignore the safety warnings demonstrated a remarkable ________of judgment.

A. stain

B. elapse

C. imperfection

D. lapse

2. The match has been cancelled because of ________ weather conditions.

A. perverse

B. negative

C. adverse

D. unfair

3. She is being ________ as the greatest dancer of her generation.

A. acclaimed

B. acclimated

C. accumulated

D. acceded

4. Share prices have ________ to a new all-time high in a day of frantic trading on the stock market.

A. dropped

B. skipped

C. soared

D. plummeted

5. He denies any ________ for maintaining the machinery.

A. liability

B. liaison

C. reliability

D. connection

6. The government's economic policy has been ________ on all sides.

A. announced

B. bounced

C. pronounced

D. denounced

7. Financial ________ on the company are preventing it from employing new staff.

A. constraints

B. difficulties

C. chains

D. infringements

8. He received an ________ letter threatening to disclose the details of his affair if he didn't pay the money.

A. infamous

B. authentic

C. luxurious

D. anonymous

9. Many nations have imposed ________ on the country because of its attacks on its own people.

A. prohibition

B. condemn

C. ratifications

D. sanctions

10. A loving family environment gives children a sense of stability and ________ which they need.

A. permanence

B. maintenance

C. persistence

D. dominance