Group 9

精讲与巧记

crater n. A crater is a very large hole in the ground, which has been caused by something hitting it or by an explosion.（撞击或爆炸形成的）大坑·The explosion, believed to be a car bomb, left a ten-foot crater in the street.

apprentice n. An apprentice is a young person who works for someone in order to learn their skill．学徒·I started off as an apprentice and worked my way up.

deprive vt.If you deprive anyone of anything that they want or need,you take it away from them, or you prevent them from having it．剥夺；使不能有·They've been deprived of the fuel necessary to heat their homes.

astray 1. adv.If you are led astray by anyone or anything,you behave badly or foolishly because of them．引某人偏离正道地·The judge thought he'd been led astray by older children. //2. adv.If anyone or anything leads you astray,they make you believe something that is not true, causing you to make a wrong decision．引某人偏离真相地·The testimony would inflame the jurors,and lead them astray from the facts of the case. // 3. adj.If anything goes astray,it gets lost while it is being taken or sent somewhere．丢失的·Many items of mail being sent to her have gone astray.

reiterate vt.If you reiterate anything,you say it again,usually in order to emphasize it．重申·He reiterated his opposition to the creation of a central bank.

extract 1. vt. To extract a substance means to obtain it from something else, for example, by using industrial or chemical processes．提炼；提取·Citric acid can be extracted from the juice of oranges, lemons, limes or grapefruit. // 2. vt. If you extract anything from a place, you take it out or pull it out．取出·He extracted a small notebook from his hip pocket.

parlor n. Parlour is used in the names of some types of shops that provide a service, rather than selling things.（提供服务而不卖货物的）店堂·The parlour opens into a small courtyard, where there is constant activity.

lobby 1. vt./vi. If you lobby anyone such as a member of a government or council, you try to persuade them that a particular law should be changed or that a particular thing should be done.游说·The Wilderness Society lobbied Congress to authorize the Endangered Species Act. //2. n. A lobby is a group of people who represent a particular organization or campaign, and try to persuade a government or council to help or support them．游说团体·Agricultural interests are some of the most powerful lobbies in Washington. // 3. n. In a hotel or other large buildings, the lobby is the area near the entrance that usually has corridors and staircases leading off it．大厅·I met her in the lobby of the museum.

arrogance n. overbearing pride evidenced by a superior manner toward inferiors．自大；傲慢态度·She interprets his silence as arrogance.

involuntary adj. If you make an involuntary movement or exclamation, you make it suddenly and without intending to because you are unable to control yourself．不由自主的·The next step is to control the involuntary movements with medication.

soot n. Soot is the black powder which rises in the smoke from a fire and collects usually on the inside of chimneys．煤烟灰·The doors and windows were blurred with soot.

affiliate 1. n. An affiliate is an organization which is officially connected with another larger organization or is a member of it．分支机构；成员组织·The World Chess Federation has affiliates in around 120 countries. // 2. vi. If an organization affiliates with another larger organization, it forms a close connection with the larger organization or becomes a member of it.成为隶属机构；成为会员组织·He wanted to affiliate with a U.S. firm because he needed expert advice in legal affairs.

assault 1. n. An assault by an army is a strong attack made on an area held by the enemy．猛攻· The rebels are poised for a new assault on the government garrisons. // 2. adj. Assault weapons such as rifles are intended for soldiers to use in battle rather than for purposes such as hunting．用于战争的（武器）· It's the world's most popular assault rifle. // 3. n. An assault on a person is a physical attack on him/her．袭击·The attack is one of a series of savage sexual assaults on women in the university area. // 4. vt.To assault someone means to physically attack them．袭击·The gang assaulted him with iron bars.

gale 1. n. A gale is a very strong wind．大风·Heavy rain driven by gales predicted for last night was forecast to continue for much of today. // 2. n. You can refer to the loud noise made by a lot of people all laughing at the same time as a gale of laughter or gales of laughter.一阵（大笑声）· This was greeted with gales of laughter from the audience.

magnitude 1. n. If you talk about the magnitude of anything, you are talking about its great size, scale, or importance.（尺寸、规模、重要性等）大的程度·An operation of this magnitude is going to be difficult. // 2. n. You can use order of magnitude when you are giving an approximate idea of the amount or importance of something．重要级；数量级·America and Russia do not face a problem of the same order of magnitude as Japan.

sympathize 1. vi.If you sympathize with someone who is in a bad situation,you show that you are sorry for them．同情·I must tell you how much I sympathize with you for your loss, Professor. // 2. vi.If you sympathize with someone's feelings,you understand them and are not critical of them．理解·Some Europeans sympathize with the Americans over the issue. //3. vi.If you sympathize with a proposal or action,you approve of it and are willing to support it.支持·Most of the people living there sympathized with the guerrillas.

anticipate 1. vt.If you anticipate an event,you realize in advance that it may happen and you are prepared for it．预期·At the time we couldn't have anticipated the result of our campaigning. // 2. vt.If you anticipate a question,request,or need,you do what is necessary or required before the question, request, or need occurs．预先准备·What Jeff did was to anticipate my next question.

deliberate adj.If you do anything that is deliberate,you planned or decided to do it beforehand,and so it happens on purpose rather than by chance．故意的·Witnesses say the firing was deliberate and sustained.

reciprocate vt./vi. If your feelings or actions toward anyone are reciprocated, the other person feels or behaves in the same way toward you as you have felt or behaved toward them．同等回应；回报·I would like to think the way I treat people is reciprocated.

hamper vt.If anyone or anything hampers you,they make it difficult for you to do what you are trying to do．妨碍·The bad weather hampered rescue operations.

速练

Quick Review—Group 9

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words in the block below.

1. Similar restrictions ________ the distribution of foreign books and magazines.

2. Someday I will ________ your great kindness to me.

3. The general misread the enemy's intentions, and didn't ________ the attack.

4. We ________ with the fear, though not with the agony of the sufferer.

5. Such ________ always aroused the anger of the gods.

6. Language teachers often ________ examples from grammar books.

7. You can ________ them of many things, but you can never rob them of their spirit.

8. Flames blazed out from the ________ of the volcano.

9. I used notes lest faulty memory should lead me ________.

10. They didn't seem to appreciate the ________ of the problem.