Group 7

精讲与巧记

doctrine n. A doctrine is a set of principles or beliefs, especially religious ones．信条；主义；学说；宗教教义·Even ethnically united communities are deeply divided on points of doctrine.

opponent 1. n. A politician's opponents are other politicians who belong to a different party or who have different aims or policies.（政治上的）对手，敌手·He described the detention without trial of political opponents as a cowardly act. // 2. n. In a sporting contest, your opponent is the person who is playing against you．对手，竞争者·Norris twice knocked down his opponent in the early rounds of the fight.

astound vt. If anything astounds you, you are very surprised by it．使震惊·He used to astound his friends with feats of physical endurance.

obedient adj.A person or an animal that is obedient does what he/she/it is told to do．顺从的；服从的·He was very respectful at home and obedient to his parents.

incidental adj.If one thing is incidental to another,it is less important than the other thing or is not a major part of it．附带的；次要的·The playing of music proved to be incidental to the main business of the evening.

correspondent n. A correspondent is a newspaper or television journalist．记者·As our Diplomatic Correspondent Mark Brayne reports, the president was given a sympathetic hearing.

ignite 1. vt./vi.When you ignite something or when it ignites,it starts burning or explodes．点燃；着火·The bombs ignited a fire which destroyed some 60 houses. // 2. vt.If anything or anyone ignites your feelings, they cause you to have very strong feelings about something．激起·There was one teacher who really ignited my interest in words.

decompose vt./vi.When things such as dead plants or animals decompose, or when something decomposes them, they change chemically and begin to decay．使分解；分解·The debris slowly decomposes into compost.

relieve 1. vt.If anything relieves an unpleasant feeling or situation,it makes it less unpleasant or causes it to disappear completely．缓解；减轻；解除·Drugs can relieve much of the pain. //2. vt. If anyone or anything relieves you of an unpleasant feeling or difficult task, they take it from you．使解脱；使摆脱·A part-time bookkeeper will relieve you of the burden of chasing unpaid invoices. // 3. vt.If you relieve anyone,you take their place and continue to do the job or duty that they have been doing．接（某人的）班；接替·At seven o'clock the night nurse came in to relieve her.

scorn 1. n. If you treat anyone or anything with scorn, you show contempt for them．轻蔑；鄙视· Researchers greeted the proposal with scorn. // 2. vt. If you scorn anyone or anything, you feel or show contempt for them．鄙视；看不起·Several leading officers have quite openly scorned the peace talks.

aptitude n. Someone's aptitude for a particular kind of work or activity is their ability to learn it quickly and to do it well．天资·He drifted into publishing and discovered an aptitude for working with accounts.

simulate 1. vt.If you simulate an action or a feeling,you pretend that you are doing it or feeling it．假装·They rolled about on the Gilligan Road, simulating a bloodthirsty fight. //2. vt. If you simulate a set of conditions, you create them artificially, for example, in order to conduct an experiment．模拟·The scientist developed one model to simulate a full year of the globe's climate.

collapse 1. vi.If a building or other structure collapses,it falls down very suddenly．坍塌·A section of the Bay Bridge had collapsed. // 2. n. Collapse is also a noun．坍塌·The governor called for an inquiry into the motorway's collapse. // 3. vi. If anything, for example, a system or institution, collapses, it fails or comes to an end completely and suddenly.崩溃；瓦解·His business empire collapsed under a massive burden of debt.

admissive adj.characterized by or allowing admission准许进入（或加入）的，许可入场的· And only the wrong understanding to the industry was corrected, our industrial value ability gets admissive.

dubious 1. adj.If you describe anything as dubious,you mean that you do not consider it to be completely honest, safe, or reliable．可疑的；不太可靠的·This claim seems to us to be rather dubious. // 2. adj. If you are dubious about anything, you are not completely sure about it and have not yet made up your mind about it．有疑虑的·My parents were a bit dubious about it all at first but we soon convinced them.

odds 1. n. You refer to how likely something is to happen as the odds that it will happen．可能性· What are the odds of finding a parking space right outside the door? // 2. n. In betting, odds are expressions with numbers such as “10 to 1” and “7 to 2” that show how likely something is thought to be, for example, how likely a particular horse is to lose or win a race.（赌博中的）赔率·We are offering odds of 6-1 on the fight ending in a knockout.

nurture 1. vt. If you nurture anything such as a young child or a young plant, you care for it while it is growing and developing．养育·Parents want to know the best way to nurture and raise their child to adulthood. // 2. vt.If you nurture plans,ideas,or people,you encourage them or help them to develop．培养·She had always nurtured great ambitions for her son.

hostage n. A hostage is someone who has been captured by a person or organization and who may be killed or injured if people do not do what that person or organization demands．人质· It is hopeful that two hostages will be freed in the next few days.

gash 1. n. A gash is a long, deep cut in your skin or in the surface of something．深长的切口· There was an inch-long gash just above his right eye. // 2. vt.If you gash anything,you accidentally make a long and deep cut in it．割破·He gashed his leg while felling trees.

contrive vt. If you contrive an event or situation, you succeed in making it happen, often by tricking someone.（常指用欺骗手段）策划·The oil companies were accused of contriving a shortage of petrol to justify price increases.

速练

Quick Review—Group 7

Directions: Match the word in the left-hand column with the expression in the right-hand column.