![危险化学品安全管理基础知识](https://wfqqreader-1252317822.image.myqcloud.com/cover/291/29975291/b_29975291.jpg)
1.3 危险化学品的标志
危险化学品的种类、数量较多,危险性也各异,为了便于对危险化学品的运输、储存及使用安全,有必要对危险化学品进行标识。危险化学品的安全标志是通过图案、文字说明、颜色等信息鲜明、形象、简单地表征危险化学品危险特性和类别,向作业人员传递安全信息的警示性资料。
《化学品分类和危险性公示通则》(GB 13690—2009)中规定了下列危险符号是GHS中应当使用的标准符号,见图1-2。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic066.jpg?sign=1739032503-cXOF74o99uooM03UZMwNgI7m2FBInUAH-0-bc3edb08b64928f680a19f3dc09d5644)
图1-2 GHS中应当使用的标准符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic114.jpg?sign=1739032503-bNSLtEoOuwdUYVgaZBCVRChbHtIu0lbn-0-d48312598aed142b6470bc5cbb41b8e8)
图1-3 GHS象形图示例
GHS使用的所有危险象形图都应是设定在某一点的方块形状,应当使用黑色符号加白色背景,红框要足够宽,以便醒目,如图1-3。
根据GHS及GB 20576—2006~GB 20599—2006、GB 2060—12006~GB 20602—2006,各类危险化学品象形图的标志如表1-35~表1-61所示。
表1-35 爆炸品
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic227.jpg?sign=1739032503-RLJDhN6gM5HpQmfjEn2NrCrSSDdBbfco-0-3b4c5837f7e747368f1c375918264438)
表1-36 易燃气体
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic228.jpg?sign=1739032503-HdhK9CmNrVMLK5W4urs9Pe4ONxAU44LN-0-ad1f8188cdf090021c49374711468faf)
表1-37 易燃气溶胶
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic229.jpg?sign=1739032503-eqZtsBx8rh1CLz1x5sltxJuBhrIM5cuP-0-4f1ac9338143d9162c6b52b2f76e2716)
表1-38 氧化性气体
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic067.jpg?sign=1739032503-GYLQ3dmQs4a1lmbhlsUP6DCy5ZvqX3Y7-0-95af9d9eb2a537a9a6c61fa43cfe2783)
表1-39 压力下气体
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic230.jpg?sign=1739032503-ZF4jGlBEt7Jbh5pxo6ZGcsulutnelKgx-0-ba0b30cb59f3a0c6fb9dfb5857264127)
表1-40 易燃液体
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic231.jpg?sign=1739032503-7rL4jgtR910dGuSiiNG4cwM0kEPFtppQ-0-98718cd1c4e028da95568f6f5868e318)
表1-41 易燃固体
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic232.jpg?sign=1739032503-PQMsJQckDbv4CA6DOuhp6x4ILuHQVcAJ-0-166661eb361c82667a10a3730b83432a)
表1-42 自反应物质或混合物
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic233.jpg?sign=1739032503-B5xhW9eOBUnOfvQ0TD3jSlBcKObcKLmE-0-6b3c93a7e693cc8689e0d77521c13e26)
表1-43 自热物质和混合物
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic234.jpg?sign=1739032503-cF5STVANmohtcBO7EmlcIwd3M1ApVqXr-0-78585e45316a7bb887004d05af6cbf80)
表1-44 自燃液体
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic069.jpg?sign=1739032503-uNGL8NZr08YLsk8ovWU4iOnuyC83SThA-0-ed55a3e4b5313ea9ba49acac4e188cc9)
表1-45 自燃固体
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic068.jpg?sign=1739032503-8xaOhNjCMDCUS2Z3KwEgYQzgo2Xr6lPI-0-d7865a20b3ffbaad34f802d3f3f094b3)
表1-46 遇水放出易燃气体的物质或混合物
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic235.jpg?sign=1739032503-dccSTc7c4rI886oyMp1gvcowYrqvXSp1-0-f8060095d97854236fa3517ffa28b323)
表1-47 氧化性液体
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic236.jpg?sign=1739032503-unKhaB65E7bo9rvvnYNhFlekremNURoY-0-fd3335112890fedfa4d2f14a4157448f)
表1-48 氧化性固体
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic237.jpg?sign=1739032503-qYP9oIY6TYWd1jzZsUxHd5UNDQUVYFBI-0-169523efd1dc98e78dff694a9dac5051)
表1-49 有机过氧化物
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic238.jpg?sign=1739032503-LiPQg2ndiCuZ206KitA5BKzO2YwfDrKD-0-77daad07e928d575ae5e10282bf8485a)
表1-50 金属腐蚀剂
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic070.jpg?sign=1739032503-Az4Ps54RnCVJ12GI9i7WoL2UA0I9GHVK-0-5c817f583dafbc0df2a7ce551cd2e169)
表1-51 急性毒性
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic071.jpg?sign=1739032503-rE5gF94vD48mE9OekDKdkJb4hCQTw4MQ-0-7a7ea7bcc6c0dad14ff76bbe47ac162f)
续表
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic072.jpg?sign=1739032503-xjcTIhOw2VRBEieRRatDdzQOBIpzRA9s-0-19bcf20ff5c5949951d1124159d85c0a)
表1-52 皮肤腐蚀/刺激
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic239.jpg?sign=1739032503-PnkuSvvCPc8nXBNMXPZPpCIoAxgrXwyp-0-31b8435435a89f63fb78a398b7a83d7e)
表1-53 严重眼损伤/眼刺激
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic240.jpg?sign=1739032503-FdwwLwhdkyi60cmYm5nwm57bVHv9Vnfy-0-dd87b7b3250851dec7f89d77caa09f30)
表1-54 呼吸或皮肤过敏
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic241.jpg?sign=1739032503-ICWNftUfVJq5CdM2O9Xip1eVV5NRCpyJ-0-ee6febe0e425a008ab27e874b6cce7eb)
表1-55 生殖细胞致突变性
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic242.jpg?sign=1739032503-TPkZuA794B33YkI4KZcUrU7xEjhZaTlE-0-86d7e109167736f1eadb6486c5db1445)
表1-56 致癌性
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic243.jpg?sign=1739032503-39GJ0eMLjbPBJw3NqPQRHv7tzNykRoPQ-0-543d88edf3e831330406d46644b56449)
表1-57 生殖毒性
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic244.jpg?sign=1739032503-2roMPba1uCMtGtvHguFiXM5s5tbcoy2t-0-1f6c69019f3872b996f06a35f5da0b34)
表1-58 特异性靶器官系统毒性一次接触
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic246.jpg?sign=1739032503-iUNV9ULDrNhAxmTvEcILzla3PMec3ujf-0-499df5ebd4cbe25b68a9facf0b875a1c)
表1-59 特异性靶器官系统毒性反复接触
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic247.jpg?sign=1739032503-g7ugpgNuc2BbGK0px7WC4qee8UdOqep7-0-578f5d2eb6a021ac891df23fe2248bf5)
由于吸入危险性在我国还未转化成为国际标准,因此缺少此种类危险性的标签要素。
表1-60 对水环境的危害(急性)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic248.jpg?sign=1739032503-rYttnz49gPwzPiVtPj2U2hFV9EJUcc8f-0-401d2ea4e8e251a467121ffa9e149a53)
表1-61 对水环境的危害(慢性)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic249.jpg?sign=1739032503-bL8YAJbn4WBiwvxfw2OkNDgJKcoizunc-0-371c7830061c6f39488f9ae3251df749)