Acknowledgments

The book is supported by grants nos. 81300039, 81170053, 81170414 and 81270510 from the National Science Foundation of China (NSFC).

Kaizhi Lu is thanked for his important contributions to the improvement of the hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) animal model and the establishment of the in vitro model; Bin Yi, for investigating the mechanisms underlying pulmonary vascular remodeling in HPS; Jing Zeng, for establishment of in vitro model of HPS and the identifcation of effective targets in the development of HPS; Bin Chen, for his work indicating that the development of experimental HPS underwent a process of initial pulmonary microvascular injury and later proliferation. Xiaobao Wang and Karine Belguise from Sabatier Toulouse Ⅲand CNRS, France, are thanked for their kindly constructive discussion of controversial issues and hypotheses in the fled of HPS.