第二节 推理判断

一、考点介绍

推理判断是指根据阅读材料中的内容推断出题目要填写的内容或要选择的选项。大多数的推理判断只需要一般推理即可判断出答案，少数题目需要经过比较复杂的推理才能判断出答案。

二、真题示例

Example 1（Cambridge IELTS 11 Test 1 SECTION 3 Questions 38-40）

【真题回顾】

SECTION 3

Read the text below and answer Questions 38-40.

The Zebras' long walk across Africa

C In December, when the annual rains had transformed the roads into rivers, Hattie was, therefore, more than a little surprised when she checked the data sent by the radio collars she fits to the zebras she is tracking to find that six of the harems were 270 km away on the edge of the Makgadikgadi, a huge mineral-rich area where salt has collected over the years as water evaporates in the heat. Then, when the last of the moisture from the rains had disappeared in May the following year, five of those harems came wearily back to the Okavango. This raised the question: why, despite a plentiful supply of food and water, were the zebras being drawn eastwards to the salt pans? Even more difficult to understand was what made six of the groups travel so far, while the other five remained by the Okavango.

D This discovery created quite a buzz in the research community. I decided to visit Hattie and she explained that a century ago the large number of Botswana's zebra and wildebeest herds and the resulting competition for grass made migration essential. One of the migration tracks went from the Okavango to Makgadikgadi. But in the late 1960s, giant fences were put up to stop foot and mouth and other diseases spreading between wildlife and domestic cattle. One of these went across the migration track. Though the animals could get round the obstacle, each leg of their journey would now be 200 km longer—an impossible distance given the lack of permanent water on the extended route. Even today, with the fence gone (it was taken down in 2004), there is dangerously little drinking water to support the zebras on the return journey to the Okavango.

E As a zebra can 1ive up to 20 years, the migration must have skipped at least one generation during the 40 or so years that the fences were up. This prompts another question: it has always been assumed that the young of social herbivores like zebras learn migratory behaviour from their parents, so how did the latest generation learn when and where to go? Not from their parents, who were prevented from migrating. Did they follow another species, such as elephants? We may never know.

F Hattie's data points to the conclusion that there are several zebra populations adopting different behaviour. The first, like the vast majority of the Okavango zebras, take it easy, spending the entire year by the river. The second group, 15,000—20,000 strong, work a bit harder. They divide their time between the Makgadikgadi salt pans and the Boteti Rive, which is reasonably near by. They sometimes struggle to find water in the Boteti area during the dry season, often moving 30 km in search of fresh grazing. Their reward: the juicy grass around the Makgadikgadi after the rains. The final group of zebras, whose numbers are more modest (though as yet unknown), must surely be considered as among the animal kingdom's most remarkable athletes. By moving between the Okavango and the salt pans, they enjoy the best of both worlds. But the price they pay is an extraordinary journey across Botswana.

G Endangered species naturally tend to grab the headlines, so it's refreshing for a relatively abundant animal like the zebra to be the centre of attention for once. Zebras are a vital part of the food chain: understanding their migration in turn helps us to interpret the movements of their predators, and Hattie's research has shed light on the impact of fences on migratory animals. So what triggered her interest in zebras? She explains that it is easier to get funding to study exciting animals like lions. Crucial as that undoubtedly is, she believes that herbivores like zebras are key to understanding any ecosystem. The scientific community is fortunate that people like Hattie are willing to take the hard option.

【考点点拨】

38 How did Hattle feel when she heard some of the zebras had travelled so far?

答案：D

关键词：Hattle、feel、heard、zebras、travelled so far

定位句：根据关键词定位到C段倒数第二行：Even more difficult to understand was what made six of the groups travel so far, while the other five remained by the Okavango．更难理解的是，什么让这六个种群走那么远，而其他五个种群仍然留在Okavango。

解析：题目中的关键词travelled so far在定位句中重现，定位句中的difficult to understand意思是“很难理解”，由此推断出，选项D unsure as to their real motivation for going（不确定它们去的真正动机）符合题意，答案就是D。

考点：推理判断。

39 When describing the different Botswana zebra populations, the writer indicates

答案：A

关键词：different Botswana zebra populations、writer indicates

定位句：根据关键词定位到以下两处：

（1）F段第一行：Hattie's data points to the conclusion that there are several zebra populations adopting different behaviour. Hattie的数据得出的结论是几种斑马群分别采取不同的行为。

（2）F段第七行：The final group of zebras, whose numbers are more modest (though as yet unknown), must surely be considered as among the animal kingdom's most remarkable athletes. By moving between the Okavango and the salt pans, they enjoy the best of both worlds. But the price they pay is an extraordinary journey across Botswana．最后一种斑马，数量更少（尽管还未知），必须被视为动物王国中最卓越的运动员。在Okavango和盐田之间迁徙，两个地方它们都喜欢。但是它们付出的代价是穿越Botswana的一次不同寻常的旅程。

解析：定位句（1）中的several zebra populations和题目中的different Botswana zebra populations是同义替换，定位句（2）中的extraordinary journey和选项A中的migrate…furthest distance是同义替换，定位句（2）中的must surely be considered as…most remarkable athletes意思是“必须被视为……最卓越的运动员”，由此推断出，选项A his admiration for the ones who migrate the furthest distance（他对迁徙最远的种群的钦佩）符合题意，答案就是A。

考点：（1）同义替换。several zebra populations=different Botswana zebra populations;extraordinary journey=migrate…furthest distance。

（2）推理判断。

40 What does the writer suggest in the final paragraph?

答案：B

关键词：final paragraph

定位句：根据关键词定位到G段倒数第二行：The scientific community is fortunate that people like Hattie are willing to take the hard option．能有Hattie这样愿意承担这个艰难选择（课题）的人是整个科学界的幸运。

解析：定位句中的scientific community…fortunate…Hattie…take the hard option意思是“科学界……幸运……Hattie……承担这个艰难的选择（课题），由此推断出，选项B It is sometimes necessary to go against the trend in research matters（在做研究时逆大趋势而上有时也是必要的）符合题意，答案就是B。

考点：推理判断。

Example 2（Cambridge IELTS 9 Test A SECTION 1 Questions 13 and 14）

【真题回顾】

SECTION 1

Read the text below and answer Questions 13 and 14.

INTERCITY Sleeper between London and Scotland

Most tickets may be used for travel by Sleeper, subject to availability, and a reservation in a two-berth cabin can be made for £25, except in the case of Solo and Special tickets, which include Sleeper reservations in the fare. The price includes early morning tea or coffee and biscuits. A continental or hot breakfast can be ordered if you wish.

Choose from a range of tickets to suit your journey.

A—SuperApex

Only available for travel after 9am. Book at least 2 weeks ahead and travel between Edinburgh or Glasgow and London for the unbeatable price of £59 return. This ticket is non-refundable unless the service is cancelled.

B—Apex

A real bargain fare. Only £69 return between Edinburgh or Glasgow and London. Great value Sleeper travel available by booking at least a week before outward travel. Ticket refundable on payment of a 25% administrative charge.

C—SuperSaver

Available right up to the day of travel and valid any day except these peak days: all Fridays, also 18-30 December, 31 March and 28 May. Departures between midnight and 2am count as previous day's departures. London to Glasgow or Edinburgh £82.

D—Saver

This flexible ticket is valid every day and can be bought on the day of travel. Your ticket allows standard class travel on any train between 10am and midnight. No seat reservations available. London to Glasgow or Edinburgh £95.

E—Solo

Treat yourself and enjoy exclusive use of a Standard cabin. Solo is an inclusive return travel ticket with Sleeper reservations for one or both directions. Outward and return reservations should be made at the time of booking. The journey must include a Saturday night away. £140-£160 London to Edinburgh/Glasgow return.

F—Special

Special is an inclusive return travel package for two people including sleeper reservations for one or both directions. It can mean savings for both of you. Outward and return reservations should be made at the time of booking. From £120.

G—Standard

Not the cheapest option but available up to the time of travel and valid for all trains and at all times. You are advised to turn up early for travel on a Friday.

【考点点拨】

13 This is not available if you're travelling out on a Monday and back the next day.

答案：E

关键词：not available、travelling out on a Monday and back the next day

定位句：根据关键词定位到E—Solo下：The journey must include a Saturday night away.必须包含一张周六晚间发车的车票。

解析：定位句中的must include a Saturday night away表明，如果是在周六晚上以外的时间出行，就不能使用这种车票，所以，如果是周一出发，周二返回，就不能使用这种车票，定位句说的是E类型的车票，答案就是E。

考点：推理判断。

14 You cannot use this ticket for departures between midnight and 10am.

答案：D

关键词：cannot use、between midnight and 10am

定位句：根据关键词定位到D—Saver下：Your ticket allows standard class travel on any train between 10am and midnight．你可以凭此票乘坐上午10点至午夜之间任何一趟列车的标准舱。

解析：定位句中的allows…between 10am and midnight说的是这种车票可以在上午10点至午夜之间使用，所以，这段时间以外的时间（between midnight and 10am）就不能使用（cannot use）这种车票，定位句说的是D类型的车票，答案就是D。

考点：推理判断。