第四节 字数限制
一、考点介绍
雅思阅读考试填空题和简单题的答案一般都有字数方面的限制，答案超出字数要求是不能得分的。因此，快速浏览题目要求是避免失误、取得高分的关键。
二、真题示例
Example 1 (Cambridge IELTS 9 Test B SECTION 1 Questions 13 and 14)
【真题回顾】
Read the text below and answer Questions 13 and 14.
TRAIN TRAVEL INFORMATION
We offer several distinct options for you to choose the ticket that suits you best.
*Only one discount may apply to each fare
CHANGES AND REFUNDS
Tickets may be refunded not later than 5 minutes before the departure of the train for a charge of 15% of the ticket price, or the journey may be changed to another day for a charge of 10% of the ticket price. (Not applicable to same day returns.)
CHANGES FOR SAME DAY TRAVEL
You may change your ticket once without charge for a journey on the same day as the original ticket.
INFORMATION OF INTEREST TO TRAVELLERS
· When you buy your ticket it is up to you to check that the dates and times of the journey on it are exactly as you requested.
· Ticket control and access to each train platform will be open until 2 minutes before departure of the train.
· Each traveller may take one suitcase and one item of hand luggage. You may also check in 15kgs. of luggage not later than 30 minutes before departure, at no extra charge.
· If you would like to charter a train, or make reservations for over 25 passengers travelling together, call the Sales Department.
OUR TIMETABLE IS GUARANTEED
If the arrival of your train at your destination is delayed by more than 5 minutes according to the timetable, we will refund the full price of your ticket if the delay is caused by our company.
Questions 13 and 14
Complete the summary below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the text for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 13 and 14 on your answer sheet.
It is the passenger's responsibility to make sure the 13…………… and…………… are correct.
Travellers should ensure they are ready to board the train with at least 14……………to spare. They may take a suitcase with them in the carriage as well as hand luggage. A traveller may check in 15 kilos maximum weight of luggage but this must be done at least 30 minutes before the train leaves.
【考点点拨】
It is the passenger's responsibility to make sure the 13…………… and …………… are correct.
答案：dates times
关键词：passenger's responsibility、make sure、correct
定位句：根据关键词定位到倒数第十三行：When you buy your ticket it is up to you to check that the dates and times of the journey on it are exactly as you requested.当你购买车票时，你必须确认车票上的旅程的日期和时间符合你的要求。
解析：定位句中的up to you、check、exactly分别和题目中的passenger's responsibility、make sure、correct是同义替换，题目中给出了the和and，并且题目要求答案不超过3个词，答案就是dates和times。
考点：字数限制。如果没有注意题目要求中的字数限制而把答案写成了dates、times of the journey (on it)，就是错的。
Travellers should ensure they are ready to board the train with at least 14…………… to spare.
答案：2 minutes
关键词：ready to board the train、at least
定位句：根据关键词定位到倒数第十一行：Ticket control and access to each train platform will be open until 2 minutes before departure of the train．开车前2分钟开始检票，并向乘客开放站台。
解析：定位句中的access to each train platform和题目中的ready to board the train是同义替换，题目问的是旅客应至少提前多长时间准备好上车，定位句说的是open until 2 minutes before departure，题目要求答案不超过3个词，答案就是2 minutes。
考点：字数限制。如果没有注意题目要求中的字数限制而把答案写成了2 minutes before departure，就是错的。
Example 2 (Cambridge IELTS 9 Test B SECTION 3 Questions 31 and 35)
【真题回顾】
Read the text below and answer Questions 31 and 35.
The Birdmen
Will people finally be able to fly long distances without a plane?
John Andres investigates
Rossy, who has been labelled “the Birdman”, was born in 1959 in Switzerland. After flying planes for the air force from the ages of 20 to 28, he went on to do a job as a pilot with a commercial airline from 1988 to 2000. “The cockpit of a plane is the most beautiful office in the world, ” he says, “but I didn't have any contact with the air around me. It was a bit like being in a box or a submarine under water.” From then on, he therefore concentrated on becoming the first jet-powered flying man.
In May 2008, he stepped out of an aircraft at about 3000 metres. Within seconds he was soaring and diving at over 290 kph, at one point reaching 300 kph, about 104 kph faster than the typical falling skydiver. His speed was monitored by a plane flying alongside. Rossy started his flight with a free fall, then he powered four jet turbines to keep him in the air before releasing a parachute which enabled him to float to the ground. The jet turbines are attached to special wings which he can unfold. The wings were manufactured by a German firm called JCT Composites. Initially he had approached a company called Jet-Kit which specialised in miniature planes, but the wings they made for him weren't rigid enough to support the weight of the engines. Rossy says he has become “the first person to maintain a stable horizontal flight, thanks to aerodynamic carbon foldable wings.” Without these special wings, it is doubtful he would have managed to do this.
Questions 31 and 35
Complete the summary below.
Choose ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER from the text for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 31 and 35 on your answer sheet.
Yves Rossy
Yves Rossy was born in 1959. He worked as both a military and 31…………… pilot before focusing on his ambition of becoming a jet-powered flying man. First he asked a firm which made 32…………… planes to construct some 33…………… for him, but these proved unsuitable. The second company he approached was able to help him, however. On a flight in May 2008, he managed to achieve a top speed of 34…………… easily exceeding the speed achieved by the average 35…………… . He had engines to keep him in the air and then used a parachute when it was time to come down.
【考点点拨】
Yves Rossy was born in 1959. He worked as both a military and 31…………… pilot before focusing on his ambition of becoming a jet-powered flying man.
答案：commercial
关键词：1959、military、pilot
定位句：根据关键词定位到第一行：Rossy, who has been labelled “the Birdman”, was born in 1959 in Switzerland. After flying planes for the air force from the ages of 20 to 28, he went on to do a job as a pilot with a commercial airline from 1988 to 2000. Rossy于1959年出生在瑞士，他被人们称为“鸟人”。他从20岁到28岁就一直在空军服役做飞行员，然后从1988年至2000年，他又在一家商业航空公司做飞行员。
解析：题目问的是Rossy做过哪两种飞行员，定位句中的air force和题目中的military是同义替换，定位句还说he went on to do a job as a pilot with a commercial airline，题目要求答案是1个单词和/或1个数字，答案就是commercial。
考点：字数限制。如果没有注意题目要求中的字数限制而把答案写成了commercial airline，就是错的。
注：Questions 32-34（不涉及字数限制考点，解析略）
On a flight in May 2008, he managed to achieve a top speed of 34…………… easily exceeding the speed achieved by the average 35…………… .
答案：Q34300kph Q35 skydiver
关键词：May 2008、exceeding the speed、average
定位句：根据关键词定位到第二段第一行：In May 2008, he stepped out of an aircraft at about 3000 metres. Within seconds he was soaring and diving at over 290 kph, at one point reaching 300 kph, about 104 kph faster than the typical falling skydiver. 2008年5月，他从3000米的高空跳出机舱。短短几秒钟之后，他便以每小时290千米的速度高飞和俯冲，有时可以达到每小时300千米，比典型的做空中造型运动的跳伞运动员的下降时速还快104千米。
解析：定位句中的faster than、typical分别和题目中的exceeding the speed、average是同义替换，题目要求答案是1个单词和/或1个数字，第35题的答案就是skydiver。
考点：字数限制。如果没有注意题目要求中的字数限制而把答案写成了falling skydiver，就是错的。