Sentence 26

英文原文：

Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.

OG Practice Set 1:The Origins of Cetaceans

本题全文及相应译文见免费共享资料“黄金阅读”

参考翻译：

（那些）明确地（处在）陆生哺乳动物与鲸目动物中间（阶段）及过渡（阶段）的化石一直都是找不到的，直到最近（才被发现）。

知识点小结：

1．生词释义：

intermediate n． 中间物；调停者；中级

adj． 中间的；中级的

vi． 起媒介作用

cetacean adj．鲸目的；鲸鱼的

n． 鲸目动物；鲸鱼

2．知识点释义：

这句话如果倒过来读，就变成了“...fossils were missing until recently”。大家有没有觉得这样就更容易理解一些了呢？

“现在分词 + be + 主语”是一种典型的“强调型”倒装模式。原句之中显然是在强调“missing”。

衍生句型：

a. Surrounding the column are three sepals and three petals, sometimes easily recognizable as such, often distorted into gorgeous, weird, but always functional shapes.

b. Accompanying that growth was a structural change that featured increasing economic diversification and a gradual shiftin the nation's labor force from agriculture to manufacturing and other nonagricultural pursuits.

与本次句子翻译相关的阅读题目：

It should be obvious that cetaceans—whales, porpoises, and dolphins—are mammals. They breathe through lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live young. Their streamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the presence of a fluke and blowhole cannot disguise their affinities with land-dwelling mammals. However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses, whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like. Extinct but already fully marine cetaceans are known from the fossil record. How was the gap between a walking mammal and a swimming whale bridged? Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.

1. In this paragraph, what does the author say about the presence of a blowhole in cetaceans?

A. It clearly indicates that cetaceans are mammals.

B. It cannot conceal the fact that cetaceans are mammals.

C. It is the main diff erence between cetaceans and land-dwelling mammals.

D. It cannot yield clues about the origins of cetaceans.

2. Which of the following can be inferred from this paragraph about early sea otters?

A. It is not difficult to imagine what they looked like.

B. There were great numbers of them.

C. They lived in the sea only.

D. They did not leave many fossil remains.

汉英翻译练习：

随着人们生活水平的提高，越来越多的人开始购买私家车；伴随这种增长的是一系列的问题，比如环境污染和交通堵塞等。

（提示：黑体部分可采用我们上面刚刚介绍的倒装句型）

参考翻译：

As people's living standards get higher, more and more people became private car owners;accompanying such a trend are a series of problems, such as environmental pollution and traffic congestion.

请将以上句子扩充后的中文段落翻译成英文：

（1）随着人们生活水平的提高，越来越多的人开始购买私家车；伴随这种增长的是一系列的问题，比如环境污染和交通堵塞等。

（2）想要缓解这一状况，我们一方面寄希望于政府能够提供更好的公共服务——比如更宽的马路，另一方面也寄希望于民众能够自主使用公共交通。

（3）因此，作为一项促成后者的举措，我十分赞同对高峰期出行的司机额外征税。

大家想一想，该翻译练习是不是可以用到下面的托福写作中呢？

写作题目：

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

Drivers should pay a certain amount of fee to drive on the city streets during the busiest hours of a day.

——2007.1.14

勇哥批改学生翻译练习：

蓉蓉：

改前：①With the development of people's lives, there is an increasingly number of people start to buy private cars. Accompanying that growth is a series of problems, like environmental pollution, traffic congestion and so on.

②To relieve this condition, two basic solutions are necessary. On the one hand, we hope government could provide high-quality public service like broaden roads. On the other hand, citizens should use public traffic tools spontaneously.

③In seeking to achieve the latter measurement, I quite agree with the statement that drivers should pay a certain amount of fee to drive on the city streets during the rush hours of a day.

改后：①With the development of people's lives, there is an increased number of people who start to buy private cars. Accompanying that growth is a series of problems, like environmental pollution, traffic congestion and so on.

②To relieve this condition, two basic solutions are necessary. On the one hand, we hope that the government could provide high-quality public services like broader roads. On the other hand, citizens should use public vehicles voluntarily.

③In seeking to achieve the latter, I quite agree with the statement that drivers should pay a certain amount of fee when they drive on the city streets during the rush hours.

张伟：

改前：①Accompanying that developed level of living was that more and more people begin to buy personal car, which increased a series of problem, such as environment pollution and traffic congestion and etc.

②If we want to alleviate the situation, on one hand, wish government could provide more convenient and practical public service—for example, wider road; on the other hand, hope people could independence consciously use public transport.

③Therefore, as one of the initiatives to promote the second method, I quite agree with that drives should pay a certain amount of fee to drive on the city streets during the busiest hours of a day.

改后：①Accompanying man's developed level of living was that more and more people begin to buy personal cars, which increased a series of problems, such as environmental pollution, traffic congestion, etc.

②If we want to alleviate the situation, on one hand, the government should provide more convenient and practical public services—for example, wider roads; on the other hand, the people should consciously use public transport.

③Therefore, as one of the means to promote the second method, I quite agree that drivers should pay a certain amount of fee when they drive on the city streets during the busiest hours of a day.

年代：

改前：①With the improvement of our life standard, the increasing number of people starts to purchase private cars. With the increase are a series of problems such as traffic jams.

②To relieve this state, first, we are in the hope of the government which could provide better public services; for example, wider roads. second, we also in the hope of people could take public transport independently.

③Therefore, as a measure to force the latter, I can't agree more on collecting additional tax from drives travel in the peak time.

改后：①With the improvement of our life's standards, an increasing number of people purchase private cars. Concurrent with the increase are a series of problems, such as traffic jams.

②To relieve this state, first, we are in the hope that the government would provide better public services; for example, wider roads. Second, we are also hoping that the people would take public transport willingly.

③Therefore, as a measure to enforce the latter, I can't agree more on collecting additional tax from drivers who travel during peak hours.

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