Part D Exercises
1.Key to Exercises 2.Translation 3.Reading Comprehension
A. Team Discussion
Work in teams and discuss each topic for at least three minutes.
1. Principles of Cargo Stowage
2. Significance of Cargo Unitization
3. Tasks of Tally Work
B. Professional Terms Bank
1. Write out the full names of the following abbreviations, and then translate them into Chinese.
(1) LNG
(2) LPG
(3) P/A
(4) SP
(5) SF
(6) CLP
(8) B/S
(7) DG
(9) CTU
(10) IMDG Code
2. Translate the following terms into Chinese.
(1) cargo handling
(2) outturn list for containerized goods
(3) cargo marking
(4) container vanning and devanning
(5) container stuffing and stripping
(6) cargo stowage
(7) loading and unloading supervision
(8) oil space
(9) cargo separation
(10) cargo dunnage
(11) homogeneous cargo
(12) cargo weighing and measuring
(13) damaged cargo list
(14) cargo unitization
(15) tally work
(16) tally paper
3. Write out the related English specialized terms for the following terms.
(1) bulk cargo
(2) major bulks
(3) seaworthy cargo
(4) vertical stowage
(5) container vanning
(6) quayside operation
(7) shortlanded cargo list
(8) multi-deck vessel
(9) separated cargo
(10) transport package
4. Fill in the blanks with the proper terms given.
Broken stowage
Grain capacity
Deadweight cargo
Stowage factors
Bale capacity
Measurement cargo
(1) ___ refers to cubic capacity of a space when the lengths, breadths, and depths are taken right to the plating. An allowance is made for the volume occupied by frames and beams.
(2) ___ refers to cargo on which freight is charged on its weight and this cargo is usually heavy and stowed at less than 1.2 m3/tonne.
(3)___ refers to the volume occupied by unit weight of cargo. Usually expressed as cubic meters per tonne. It does not take into account any space which may be lost due to broken space.
(4) ___ refers to cubic capacity of a space when the breadth is taken from the inside of the cargo battens, the depth from the wood ceiling to the underside of the deck beams and the length from the inside of the bulkhead stiffeners.
(5)___ refers to cargo on which freight is usually charged on the volume occupied by the cargo and this cargo is usually light, bulky cargo stowing at more than 1.2 m3/tonne but may also be heavy castings of an awkward shape where a lot of space is occupied.
(6) ___ refers to the space between packages which remains unfilled. The percentage that has to be allowed varies with the type of the cargo and with the shape of the hold. It is the greatest when large cases have to be stowed in an end hold.
C. Summary Cloze
The following is a brief summary of cargo work with some words missing. Read the summary carefully and complete it by filling in one or some appropriate words in each blank.
The carriers should properly arrange for all cargo handling operations such as loading, (1)___ , carrying, and discharge to ensure the delivery of the intact cargoes to the consignees. The commodity characteristics have an influence on the cargo handling operations. Commodity value of the goods shipped may influence the price payable for transport and subsequently the shippers' choice of transport mode. As a rule, high value goods should pay (2) ___ freight rates than low value goods. Meanwhile, different physical forms and containment forms require different cargo work. For example, bulk cargoes can be carried by either (3)___ or liquid bulk carriers, while general cargoes can be carried by either container vessels or non-container vessels. (4)___ is usually done by tally companies when packaged cargoes and containers are loaded on and/or unloaded from the vessel, and when cargoes in containers for which the vessel is vanned and/or devanned. Now containerization has become the leading form of (5) ___ . The carriers are generally responsible for the stowage of cargo aboard the vessel and handle the stowage and carriage of cargo in accordance with some important principles. For instance, shipping space should be utilized to the utmost and (6) reduced to the minimum; the cargo should be stowed(7) ___ of the intended discharges to avoid rearrangements of the consignments and adverse impact on the ship's stability, trim, or strength; and different consignments of identical looking units should be properly separated with special paint and cargo nets. Especially for the dangerous cargoes, the chief office should set out a (8)___ or separate manifest to show the cargoes' stowage places aboard according to the classes and designs specified in the (9)___ . The carriers also take all necessary precautionary steps to prevent cargo damages such as original damage, stevedore damage, (10)___ damage, sweat damage, pilferage damage, and damage arising from inherent nature or vice of goods.
D. Short-Answer Questions
1. Write out the salient principles in cargo stowage.
2. Write out the main kinds of cargo damage.
3. Write out three kinds of shipping space in compliance with the type of cargo carried.
4. Write out the main kinds of tally papers.
5. Write out the main types of unitized load/package.
6. Write out the main kinds of marking.
7. Write out the main reasons for the rapid development of cargo work techniques.
8. Write out four parts of the standard shipping marks.
9. Write out the benefits of unitization.
10. Write out nine categories of dangerous goods as per the IMDG Code.
E. Writing
Write an essay titled “Relations Between Commodity Features and Cargo Work”, using at least 500 words.