何兆熊《综合教程(6)》(第2版)学习指南【词汇短语+课文精解+全文翻译+练习答案】
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Unit 1

一、词汇短语

Text I

blitz [blits] n. 闪电式的猛烈空袭;(为某特殊目的而进行的)大肆活动,闪电式行动

vt. 以闪电战攻击

【例句】Enemy bombers carried out a blitz on the city. 敌军轰炸机对这座城市进行了突袭。

rife [raif] adj. 普遍的;流行的;盛传的

【例句】A new form of cancer is running rife throughout the world. 一种新型癌症正在全世界流行。

pawnshop [5pC:nFRp] n. 当铺

【例句】By the time I was eight, I had learned how to take things to the pawnshop. 刚八岁,我已经学会了去当东西。

enterprising [5entEpraiziN] adj. 有事业心的;有进取心的;有魄力的;有胆量的

【例句】It’s very enterprising of them to start up a business like that. 他们那样去开创生意是很有魄力的。

bout [baut] n. 一回,一次,一阵;拳击;摔跤比赛

【例句】It may be too late to avoid another bout of price rises. 或许想避免下一轮的价格上涨为时已晚。

He beat his opponent at one bout. 他一下子就打败了对手。

【助记】boat out 出去赛船,比上一回合

meticulously [mI5tIkjJlEsli] adv. 细致地;一丝不苟地;拘泥地

【例句】The painter meticulously drew the facial expression of the figure to reveal his personality. 画家对老农面部作了极为精细的刻画,展现了他的个性。

attire [E5taiE] n. 服装;盛装

vt. 打扮;使穿衣

【例句】The structure of her attire was always elaborate and yet never over-laboured. 她的衣服的款式一向很精致,可又从来不过分着意。

scrimp [skrimp] vt. 节省;过度缩减;克扣

vi. 精打细算;吝啬

adj. 吝啬的;不足的

【例句】We have to scrimp and save if we want to buy a decent house in that area.

要想在那个地区买幢像样的房子,我们就必须省吃俭用。

prescribed [pris5kraibd] adj. 规定的

【例句】This is a prescribed course which spreads over two semesters. 这是门两个学期学完的必修课。

blazer [5bleizE] n. 燃烧体;宣布者;颜色鲜明的运动上衣

【例句】The distinctive cut or style of a blazer jacket remains the same, but it will not always be in fashion.

一件裁剪手法或款式独特的运动茄克可以多年保持不变,但它并不总是时装。

rationing [5rAFEniN] n. [计划] 定量配给

【例句】The Government may have to introduce petrol rationing. 政府可能不得不实行汽油限量供应。

relax [ri5lAks] v. 使放松,轻松;使缓和,减轻;放宽,松懈

【例句】You must not relax your efforts for a moment. 你要努力,一刻也不能松懈。

【词组】relax oneself 放松自己;放松某人自己

【助记】re(一再)+lax(放松)→一再放松→(使)松弛

【派生】relaxation n. 放松;缓和;消遣

assembly [E5sembli] n. 集合,会合;议会

【例句】This is the assembly line. 这是装配线。

comply [kEm5plai] v. 同意,遵从,依从,应允

【例句】The patient complied with the physician’s orders. 病人遵从医生的嘱咐。

【词组】comply with同意,答应;遵守,服从

【助记】com一起,ply=play玩,要comply规则

adore [E5dC:] v. 敬慕,钟爱,崇拜;(infml) 很喜欢

【例句】He adores the cinema. 他非常爱看电影。

【助记】联想“一朵”鲜花→喜爱

horrid [5hCrid] n. 恐怖的,可怕的

【例句】Don’t be so horrid. 别这样叫人厌恶!

well-meaning [wel5mi:niN] adj. 善意的;好心的

【例句】He is a well-meaning but ineffectual leader. 他是位有善意却没有效率的领导。

ritual [5ritjuEl] adj. 仪式的,祭典的

n. 仪式,祭典;惯例

【例句】There they are engaged in an entirely different ritual. 在那里,他们执行一套完全不同的仪式。

【助记】来自rite( n. 仪式),仪式(rite)要正确(right)

【派生】ritually adv. 仪式上地;依据仪式上地

rite n. 仪式;惯例,习俗;典礼

blinkered [5bliNkEd] adj. 心胸狭隘的;思路狭窄的

【例句】He will not carry a blinkered vision of history to treat this subject.他不会带有心胸狭隘的历史观来看待这个问题。

hard-nosed [hB:d5nEuzd] adj. 顽固的;精明的;讲究实际的;嗅觉不好的

【例句】He was a conservative, and hard-nosed about many things. 他是个保守主义者,而且对很多事情看法很顽固。

mortify [5mC:tifai] vt. 抑制;苦修;使…感到屈辱

vi. 禁欲;苦行;约束

【例句】Forgetting the introductory remarks really mortified me. 忘记了开场白真使我窘迫。

fuel [fjuEl] n. 燃料,养料

v. 给……加燃料,加油

【例句】Gas and coal are fuels. 煤气和煤都是燃料。

All aircraft must fuel before a long flight. 所有飞机均须先加油方能作长途飞行。

temptress [5temptris] n. 引诱男人的女性

【例句】Jolie played an attractive young temptress in this largely forgettable road movie.

在这部被大多数人遗忘的电影中,朱莉扮演一位风姿卓越的妓女。

trim [trim] adj. 整齐的,整洁的

vt. 整理,修整;修剪

n. 整理,装饰;整齐

【例句】She trimmed his hair. 她替他修剪头发。

【词组】trim sth (with sth.) 装饰某物

be in/get into trim 准备好;健康适宜

trim down 裁减

trim off 修剪

【助记】tree + 音:木,树木需要经常修剪;音:垂幕,弄得整整齐齐的。

torment [5tC:ment] v. 折磨,(使)痛苦;纠缠,戏弄

n. 令人痛苦的东西(人),折磨者;痛苦,苦恼

【例句】He tormented himself with doubting his ability. 他总是怀疑自己的能力,十分苦恼。

【助记】tor扭曲,ment-扭曲你-折磨。

emerald green [5emErEld ^ri:n] 鲜绿色

【例句】Sunlight streams between cracks in the ice. Thicker chunks glow emerald green, bejeweled by algae. 阳光在冰缝中穿流,更厚的冰块闪烁着鲜绿色,周围点缀着珠宝般的海藻。

trudge [trQdV] v. 跋涉

n. 长途跋涉;沉重的步伐

【例句】It was a long trudge up the hill. 那段上山的路很难走。

Progress was slow as they had to trudge through deep mud.

他们不得不在很深在泥沼中艰难跋涉,所以进展很慢。

beady [5bi:dI] adj. 起泡的;饰有珠子的;晶亮如小珠的

【例句】I felt his little beady black eyes were examining me 我感到他那双念珠般乌黑的小眼睛在审视我。

composure [kEm5pEuVE] n. 镇静,沉着,泰然自若

【例句】He showed great composure in a difficult situation. 他在困难环境中表现得极沉着。

【搭配】with composure镇定地

keep [lose] one’s composure保持 [失去] 镇定

recover [regain] one’s composure恢复镇静

downcast [5daunkB:st] adj. 垂头丧气的,(目光)朝下的

【例句】An unhappy life made her downcast. 不愉快的生活使她沮丧。

dejection [di5dVekFEn] n. 沮丧;粪便

【例句】He was leaning against a table in the hall, heavy with dejection or sleep.

他在门厅里靠着一张桌子站着,由于沮丧或者瞌睡而显得很颓唐。

thaw [WC:] n. 解冻;缓和

v. (使)融化,解冻;(使)变得友善,变得随和

【例句】The snow is beginning to thaw. 雪已经开始融化。

【词组】thaw out 融化,解冻

buoy [bCi] n. 浮标,浮筒

v. 使浮着;鼓励,支持

【例句】The lake was divided into three areas by the buoys. 湖面由浮标分为三个区域。

forte [fC:t] n. 长处,特长,擅长

【例句】Writing fiction is her forte. 写小说是她的专长。

Text II

compliment [5kCmplimEnt] n. 恭维,称赞

v. 称赞

【例句】She received many compliments. 她受到了许多人称赞。

【词组】compliment someone on 称赞某人的…

【助记】源自comply 顺从别人时的言行;

【派生】complimentary adj. 赠送的;称赞的;问候的

appreciate [E5pri:Fieit] v. 感谢,感激;欣赏,鉴赏;评价,鉴别

【例句】I really appreciate your help. 我真的很感激你的帮助。

This land has appreciated in value. 这块土地增值了。

【助记】ap(加强语气)+preci(价值)+ate(动词后缀)→一再给予其价值→增值,涨价。

【派生】appreciative adj. 感激的;赏识的;有欣赏力的;承认有价值的

appreciation n. 欣赏,鉴别;增值;感谢

opposition [CpE5ziFEn] n. 反对;反对派;在野党;敌对

【例句】They planned to crush down all opposition. 他们策划镇压一切反动力量。

heal [hi:l] v. (使)愈合,治愈,(使)康复;平息(争吵等);消除;和解

【例句】The wound on my arm has healed. 我胳膊上的伤已治愈了。

【词组】heal up 痊愈;治愈

【助记】he(他)+al(联想all)→他全好了→治愈

rigid [5ridVid] adj. 僵硬的,坚挺的;严厉的,刻板的

【例句】She was a fairly rigid person who had strong religious views. 她是个相当刻板、有着很强宗教观念的人。

【词组】bore sb. rigid使某人腻烦得要命

shake(或scare)sb. rigid把某人吓得浑身僵直

【助记】音:认真的,锐直的,像刀锋般坚硬。

【派生】rigidity n. 硬度;严格,刻板;僵化;坚硬

crust [krQst] n. (面包等)皮,外壳;硬外皮,外壳

【例句】Ice crusted the pond. 冰封池塘。

【助记】不要轻易相信(trust)她美丽的外壳(crust)。

【派生】crusty adj. 易怒的;执拗的;有壳的;像外壳一样的

tremendous [tri5mendEs] adj. 巨大的,可怕的,惊人的;极其严重的;极好的

【例句】Their son is a tremendous eater. 他们的儿子是一个食量极大的人。

【助记】trem(颤抖)+end(结果)+ous(形容词后缀)→得出了激动人心的结果→极好的

suppressed [sE5presd] adj. 抑制的,发育不全的

v. 镇压,禁止(suppress的过去时和过去分词)

【例句】In her enthusiasm was visible, but it seemed always suppressed and restrained.

在她身上,人们可以看到激情,但是这种激情却总是含而不露的。