Unit 5

一、词汇短语

Text I

1．volunteer [vRlEn5tIE(r)] v. to give or offer (one’s help, a suggestion, etc) willingly or without being paid自动提供，自愿效劳：How many of them volunteered?他们当中有多少人愿意自愿效劳？

2．profess [prE5fes] v. a) to make a claim声称；宣称；公开表明：They have become what they profess to scorn.他们成了自己曾声称看不起的那种人。b) to have a religion or belief信奉，信仰（某一宗教）：He professed Islam.他信仰伊斯兰教。

3．feign [fein] v. a) to pretend to have or be假装，伪装：She knew that her efforts to feign cheerfulness weren’t convincing.她明白自己强作欢颜是瞒不了谁的。b) to make a pretense编造借口：to feign an excuse捏造借口

4．preoccupation [pri(:)7Ckju5peiFEn] n. a) the state of constantly thinking or worrying about something全神贯注，入神：his growing preoccupation with death他对死亡越来越多的关注；b) the top priority, something that you give all your attention to当务之急；使人全神贯注的事物：Their chief preoccupation was how to feed their families.他们关注的首要事情是如何养家糊口。

5．prevarication [pri(:)7vAri5keiFEn] n. the state of avoiding giving a direct answer or making a firm decision支吾，搪塞：But prevarication over the construction of new pipelines has both undermined those threats and exasperated the Chinese.另一方面，其拖延修建新管道一举不仅冲淡了威胁的效力更激怒了中国方面。

6．serial [5siEriEl] adj. of, in or forming a number of things, events, etc. of a similar kind, especially placed or occurring one after another连续的，一系列的：Can you account for the serial failures in our experiment? 你能解释我们实验屡屡失败的原因吗？ n. a story that is broadcast or printed in several separate parts on television, in a magazine etc连载小说，电视连续剧，广播连续剧：A new serial is starting on television tonight.今晚电视开播一部新的电视连续剧。

7．ethics [5eWiks] n. moral correctness; moral principles道德规范：The ethics of his profession don’t permit him to do that.他的职业道德不允许他那样做。

8．pundit [5pQndit] n. a person who is an authority on a particular subject; an expect某一学科的权威；专家：The pundit disagree on the best way of dealing with the problem.如何妥善处理这一问题，专家众说纷纭。

9．consultant [kEn5sQltEnt] n. a) a person who gives specialist professional advice to others顾问：He is a consultant on law affairs to the mayor.他是市长的一个法律顾问。b) a hospital doctor of a very high rank who has a lot of knowledge about a particular area of medicine高级顾问医生，会诊医生：There’re many consultants in hospital.医院里有很多会诊医生。

10．fib [fib] n. a small unimportant lie小谎，无关紧要的谎话：“I told a fib about my age, ” little Tom said.“有关我的年龄我撒了个谎”，小汤姆说。

11．deceit [di5si:t] n. dishonest act or statement不诚实的行为或言语，诡计：The boy’s deceit made his mother very unhappy.这小孩的欺骗行为使他母亲非常不愉快。

12．lubricant [5lu:brikEnt] n. a substance such as oil which causes a machine to operate more easily润滑油，润滑剂：used as a lubricant and as a moderator in nuclear reactors在核反应堆中作润滑剂和缓和剂。

13．tangle [5tAN^l] v. to make or become a mass of disordered and twisted threads(使)缠结，(使)乱作一团：Long hair tangles easily.长头发容易打结。Don’t try and tangle with him--he is bigger and stronger than you不要和他动手打架――他比你高大强壮。

14．perception [pE5sepFEn] n. a) the ability to see, hear and understand; the quality of understanding感知(能力)；觉察(力)；知觉：He was a man of keen perception.他是一个感觉敏锐的人。b) the way you think about something and your idea of what it is like认识，观念，看法，见解：What’s your perception of the matter?你对此事有什么看法？

15．warp [wC:p] v. a) to cause to turn or twist out of shape弄弯，变歪：This wood warps easily in damp conditions.这种木料受潮容易变形。b) to influence someone in a way that has a harmful effect on how they think or behave使（行为等）不合情理；使乖戾：You mustn’t allow your dislike of her to warp your judgment你必须不能让自己对她的厌恶之情影响你的判断。

16．proliferation [prEu7lifE5reiFEn] n. a rapid increase in the amount or number of something增殖，迅速增长：A proliferation of regulations and controls sharply increased business costs and introduced distortions.规章制度和控制的广泛施行急剧增加了营业成本，导致了各种失调现象。

17．cynicism [5sinisizEm] n. the belief that people always act selfishly愤世嫉俗；玩世不恭：This cynicism makes today’s young people hard to predict.这种愤世嫉俗的人生观使当今的年轻人难以揣摩。

18．falter [5fC:ltE] v. a) to lose power or strength in an uneven way, thus no longer making much progress蹒跚；摇晃；犹豫；畏缩：He never falters in his determination.他的决心从不动摇。b) to speak in a voice that sounds weak and uncertain, and keeps stopping (嗓音)颤抖，结巴地说；支吾其词：His voice began to falter.他的声音开始发颤。

19．associate [E5sEuFieit] n. a person who is connected to another person as a business partner, colleague, or companion伙伴，同事：My associate and I would be interested in visiting your factory.我的同事和我很想参观你们的工厂。 v. to cause to relate, to connect with使)发生联系，(使)联合；结交，结伙：I don’t associate the two ideas.这两个概念我联系不起来。

20．undermine [7QndE5main] v. to gradually make somebody or something less strong or effective暗中破坏；逐渐削弱：Many severe colds undermined the old man’s health.多次严重的感冒损害了老人的健康。

21．confound [kEn5faund] v. to confuse and greatly surprise people, causing them to be unable to explain or deal with a situation使惊惶；弄糊涂：The extraordinary election results confounded the government.这次不寻常的选举结果使得政府不知所措。

22．astound [Es5taund] v. to make somebody very surprised or shocked, especially with news of something completely unexpected使震惊，使大吃一惊：His practical grasp of affairs and his energy still astound me.他对事物的实际掌握和他充沛的精力实在使我惊异。

Text II

1．conceal [kEn5si:l] v. to hide or cover a fact or feeling隐瞒，隐藏：The proud Ione took care to conceal the anguish she endured.骄傲的伊俄涅小心翼翼地掩饰着内心的痛苦。

2．dwarf [dwC:f] v. to seem very small or insignificant comparing with other things(使)显得矮小，使相形见绌：Shakespeare dwarfs other dramatists.莎士比亚使其他剧作家相形见绌。 adj. much smaller than the usual size矮小的：a dwarf conifer矮小的针叶树

3．uphold [Qp5hEuld] v. a) to defend or support a law, system, or principle so that it continues to exist支持，维护（正义等）：It’s up to the government to uphold the rights of individual citizens.政府有责任维护各个公民的权利。b) if a court upholds a decision made by another court, it states that the decision was correct维持，确认（原判、裁决等）The conviction was upheld by the Court of Appeal.最高法院坚持原判决。

4．deteriorate [di5tiEriEreit] v. to get worse恶化，变坏，退化：Idle houses deteriorate.闲置不用的房子会渗漏衰败。

5．render [5rendE] v. a) to cause someone or something to be in a particular condition使成为；使变得；使处于某状态：He was rendered almost speechless by the news.听到这个消息，他顿时哑口无言。b) to give something to someone or do something, because it is your duty or because someone expects you to报答；归还；给予：It is unlikely that the court will render an opinion before November 5.十一月五号之前法院不太可能提供建议。

6．remaining [ri5meiniN] adj. being left or used剩下的，剩余的：Add the remaining flour to make a soft dough.把剩下的面粉加进去做成一块软面团。

7．eloquent [5elEkwEnt] adj. a) able to express your ideas and opinions well, especially in a way that influences people雄辩的，有口才的，流利的：The defense lawyer made an eloquent plea for his client’s acquittal.被告方的律师为委托人的无罪开释作了有说服力的辩护。b) showing a feeling or meaning without using words清楚表现出来，传神的：These ruins are an eloquent reminder of the horrors of war.这些废墟形象地提醒人们不要忘记战争的恐怖。

8．erode [i5rEud] v. a) to decay侵蚀，腐蚀：The coast is slowly eroding.海岸正慢慢地被侵蚀。b) to gradually reduce something such as someone’s power or confidence逐渐毁坏；削弱；损害：Repeated exam failure had eroded her confidence.考试一次次失败，使他逐渐丧失了信心。