Chapter 1 图表/图片型作文

真题解读

真题1（2015年6月卷二）

Directions:

for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then comment on this kind of modern life. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

指南：文章的开头，你应简要描述该图片，然后评价这种现代生活方式，你需要有充分的论据来支持你的观点。文章应保证至少120词，但不得超过180词。

范文

The picture illustrates1 that a man settles down his work on a computer. He also gets addicted to2 a computer at home and at play. Even sleeping, he dreams of sitting in front of a computer. We can find that the overuse of computers in modern life is an extremely serious social problem.

There are three causes why people overuse computers. First of all, computers have greatly promoted work efficiency3. Secondly, computers make our lives convenient, and nowadays we can do many things with it, such as shopping online, studying online4 and making money online. Finally, Internet can help us relax ourselves and escape from stress5. It offers lots of wonderful movies and music. In consequence, people of all ages might be hooked on6 computers.

As far as I am concerned, the overuse of computers may cause a series of negative7 effects. Addicted to the net, teenagers may tend to have a poor performance on their studies and suffer from poor eyesight. Hence, we had better use8 the computer properly.

译文

图中描述的是一位男士在用电脑工作。在家和玩乐时，他也迷恋于电脑。甚至在睡觉时，也会梦到自己坐在电脑前的画面。我们可以看出，现代生活中人们过度使用电脑是个极其严重的社会问题。

人们过度使用电脑的原因有三个。首先，电脑极大地提升了我们的工作效率。其次，电脑让我们的生活更方便，现在，我们可以借助电脑做许多事情，例如：网上购物、在线学习、网上赚钱。最后，网络可以帮助我们放松，缓解压力，可以为我们提供大量精彩的电影和音乐。因此，各个年龄段的人们都可能会沉迷于网络。

我认为，电脑的过度使用会造成很多负面影响。沉迷于网络，青少年会在学习中表现越来越差，还会影响视力。因此，我们最好能够合理使用电脑。

万能句型

1．the picture illustrates that a man settles down his work on a computer.（此句包含一个简单的宾语从句，是图片/图表型作文中使用频率最高的句型之一，通常用在文章开头描述图片内容。）

还有很多常用的亮点句型，可以为你的写作加分，比如：

As is illustrated / demonstrated / shown in the picture...（正如图片所示……）

We can see in the picture that...（我们可以在图片中看到……）

The picture illustrates / demonstrates / shows that...（图片显示了……）

2．there are three causes why people overuse computers.（该句是“there be”句型，含一个由关系副词why引导的定语从句。）

使文章结构清晰，可引领下文展开论述的亮点句型还有：

Several factors/reasons contribute to...（几个因素/原因导致）

Several factors/reasons account for...（几个因素/原因可解释……的现象）

This kind of situation largely results from several facts that...（这种情况很大程度上是由于几个事实造成的……）

3．as far as i am concerned, the overuse of computers may cause a series of negative effects.（该句用来陈述作者的观点，表达简练，常用于文章最后一段做总结陈述时的统领句。）

陈述观点的表达还有：

In my opinion...（在我看来……）In my view...（我认为……）

From my perspective...（从我的角度来看……）

真题2（2015年6月卷一）

Directions:

for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then comment on the kid's understanding of going to school. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

指南：文章的开头，你应简要描述该图片，然后讨论孩子对上学学习的理解。你需要有充分的论据来支持你的观点。文章字数至少120词，但不得超过180词。

范文

We can see in the picture that a young boy is asking his mother confusingly1, "Why am I going to school if my phone already knows everything? " apparently2, it is revealed3 in this picture that the mobile phone is having a big impact on education.

So, does it mean that we can use mobile phone to learn instead of having traditional class in school? From my perspective, the answer is no. first and foremost4, though we can obtain5information from mobile phones, it cannot replace education in school, the function of which is not merely spreading knowledge. Secondly, with the help of teachers, students can develop good study habits and improve their learning ability, which also has great significance6 for lifetime learning7. Last but not least, traditional class in school can help students develop their sociability8 and cooperative9 ability through the face-to-face10 communication with teachers and other students.

In short, we can draw a conclusion that the mobile phone is beneficial to information acquisition but traditional class still has an unshakable11 position for learning.

译文

我们可以在图片中看到一个小男孩困惑地问妈妈：“既然我的手机知道所有事情，为什么我还要去学校呢？”很显然，图片揭示了手机对教育正产生着巨大的影响。

那么，这是否就意味着我们可以用手机来代替去学校上传统课程呢？我认为，答案该是否定的。首先，尽管我们可以通过手机获取信息，手机仍然不能替代学校教育，因为学校教育并不只是传播知识。其次，学生在老师的帮助下可以养成良好的学习习惯，提高学习能力，这对终身学习有着深远影响。最后但同样重要的是，学校里的传统课程会通过和老师、同学进行面对面的沟通交流，来帮助学生培养社交能力和合作能力。

简言之，我们可以得出一个结论：手机确实有助于获取信息，但对于汲取知识而言，传统课堂仍然具有不可动摇的地位。

万能句型

1．apparently, it is revealed in this picture that the mobile phone is having a big impact on education.（该句中it作形式主语，而that引导的从句是真正的主语。使用形式主语可以避免句子结构头重脚轻，更合乎英美人的表达习惯。）

当it作形式主语，真正的主语除了用that从句之外还可以用不定式或动名词代替：

（1）It + be + a. + for sb + 不定式

It is necessary for the young to master more practical skills.

年轻人多掌握一些实用技能是很有必要的。

（2）It + be + a. / n. + 动名词

It is a waste of time staying at home on such a good day.

这么好的天气在家待着实在是浪费时间。

2．first and foremost, though we can obtain information from mobile phones, it cannot replace education in school...（该句用了逻辑连接词first and foremost表示“首要的是”，使文章结构更加清晰明了。）

类似这样的逻辑连接词还有：

in the first place（第一，首先）in addition（另外）

furthermore（此外，而且）in the end（最后）

3．in short, we can draw a conclusion that the mobile phone is beneficial to information acquisition...（该句位于文章最后一段，用draw a conclusion可引出结论。）

类似这样引出结论的表达还有：

come to a conclusion（得出结论）reach a decision（下结论）

pass an opinion（提出看法）

真题3（2015年6月卷三）

Directions:

for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then comment on parents' role in their children's growth. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

指南：文章的开头，你应简要描述该图片，然后评价在孩子的成长中家长扮演的角色。文章字数至少120词，但不得超过180词。

范文

As is illustrated in the picture, a teenage girl merrily1 tells her mother that she has been accepted to the college her mother selected for her. It is revealed in the picture that parents have a great effect on children's decisions. Choosing a college, as is shown in the picture, is a typical2 example.

nevertheless3, in my view, though parents always want to create better conditions4 for their children, they cannot make all decisions for them. Respecting children's choice is the best way to love them. There are two reasons. Firstly, each person is an individual5 with his or her own personality6 so that children's choice may be different from that of their parents. Secondly, children are supposed to7 be responsible for their own future. Parents can give children advice but cannot make decisions for them. As the proverb goes, "Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day. Teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime."

In a word, parents should give children chances to make their own decisions and take responsibility for themselves.

译文

如图所示，一位少女高兴地通知妈妈她已经被妈妈选的那所学校录取了。图片揭示了家长对于孩子的决定有非常大的影响。像图中的那样，选择大学就是一个典型的例子。

然而，在我看来，尽管父母总是想给孩子创造更好的条件，但是他们也不能替孩子做所有的决定。尊重孩子的选择是爱孩子的最佳方式。有两个原因。第一，每个人都是一个个体，都有自己的个性，所以，孩子们的选择和父母所做的选择可能是不一样的。第二，孩子们要为自己的未来负责任，家长可以给孩子建议，却不能为他们做决定。俗话说得好，授人以鱼不如授人以渔。

总而言之，家长应该让孩子们自己做决定并对自己负责。

万能句型

1．nevertheless, in my view, though parents always want to create better conditions for their children, they cannot make all decisions for them.（此句是第二段的第一句，起着承上启下的作用，用来表达作者自己的观点。）

在写作中同样可以用来承上启下的句子还有以下几种：

（1）Some people argue / claim / believe / hold that..., but others set forth a different argument about / opposite view on the matter.（一些人认为……，但其他人在这个问题上持不同的或相反的观点。）

（2）Some people advocate / endorse / favor / are for..., yet others stick to / hold on to /cling to the opposite view / argument / point.（一些人赞成……，而其他人持有相反的观点。）

（3）Although lots of people follow the fashion / trend, I still set my heart on...（尽管大多数人都跟着主流走，我还是坚持……）

2．there are two reasons.（该句用了there be句型用来陈述理由，使文章结构更加清晰明了。）在写作中可以用来陈述理由的句型还有：

（1）The reasons for this are as follows.（理由如下：）

（2）The chief reason is that...（主要的原因是……）

（3）The reasons can be given as follows.（理由如下：）

3．as the proverb goes, "give a man a fish and you feed him for a day. teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime."（该句引用了一句谚语作为论据。）

在此补充几句常见的谚语供大家学习欣赏：

（1）Actions speak louder than words．事实胜于雄辩。

（2）In for a penny, in for a pound．一不做，二不休。

（3）All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.只工作不玩耍，聪明小孩也变傻。

真题4（2013年12月卷一）

Directions:

for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief account of the impact of the internet on the way people communicate and then explain whether electronic communication can replace face-to-face contact. You should write at least 120 but no more than 180 words.

指南：文章的开头，你应简要描述互联网对人们交流方式的影响，并解释网上交流是否可以代替面对面交流。文章字数至少120词，但不得超过180词。

范文

We can see from the picture that the parents and their child live together, but they use the internet to communicate with each other. With the development of the modern technology1, the mode of communication among people has been changed a lot. Lots of people choose the electronic2 communication, which has made people neglect3 the face-to-face contact.

So, does it mean that electronic communication can replace the face-to-face contact? In my mind, the answer is no. It seems that the online exchange could save time for people and they can contact4 friends whenever and wherever they are. However, in fact, people can be estranged5 and the efficiency6 of communication can be reduced through the online contact. Here is a common example. In the past, people working at the same office simply walk to others if they want to talk, while they prefer to send instant7messages nowadays. Words can hardly completely express what you think, hence, it may take much more time to convey your thoughts on the Internet than to have a face-to-face communication.

In conclusion, electronic communication does bring convenience to our life, whereas excessive reliance on it is likely to estrange people.

译文

在图片中，我们可以看到父母与孩子住在一起，但他们却要用网络与彼此交流。随着现代科技的发展，人与人之间的交流模式也发生了很大变化。很多人选择电子交流，这使得人们忽视了面对面的沟通。

那么，这是不是意味着，电子交流可以取代面对面的沟通？依我看来，答案是否定的。看起来，在线交流可以给人们节约时间，他们可以随时随地和朋友联系。但是事实上，通过这种在线沟通，人们可能会疏远起来，交流的效率也会降低。有个常见的例子。过去一个办公室的人想和别人谈话的时候直接走过去就行了，而如今，人们宁愿发即时信息。由于文字不能完全地表达出你心里所想，于是通过网络传达想法，要比面对面的交流花费更多的时间。

总之，电子交流确实给我们的生活带来了便利，然而过多的依赖它反而有可能疏远人们之间的关系。

万能句型

1．Lots of people choose the electronic communication, which has made people neglect the face-to-face contact.（which引导了一个非限定性定语从句，先行词是逗号前的整个句子。）

在此我们简要介绍一下非限定性定语从句和限定性定语从句的区别：

（1）形式上

限定性定语从句不用逗号和主句隔开；而非限定性定语从句要用逗号和主句隔开。

（2）译法上

限定性定语从句通常译为先行词的定语，即“……的”；而非限定性定语从句通常译为主句的并列句。

（3）关系词上

that不能用在非限定性定语从句中，取而代之可以用as / which; as / which可以在从句中作主语，修饰之前整个主句。

2．...while they prefer to send instant messages nowadays.（该句用while表示转折，也含有一层对比的含义，后面用prefer to do结构来表示“宁愿做……”，可以体现你的英语语法功底。）

类似表达还有：

（1）would rather do...than do...

She would rather do it herself than rely on others．她宁愿自己做也绝不依赖别人。

（2）prefer doing to doing

He prefer playing football to playing basketball．比起打篮球，他更喜欢踢足球。

（3）would like to do...rather than do...

The family would like to go to south for a holiday rather than stay at home all winter.

这家人宁愿去南方度假也不愿意整个冬天都待在家里。

3．...electronic communication does bring convenience to our life, whereas excessive reliance on it is likely to estrange people.（该句为文章最后一段的总结句，前半句用助动词does加强语气；后半句是连词whereas引导的与主句意思形成对比的状语从句。）

与助动词表示加强语气有相同作用的词组还有以下几种常见类型：

（1）at all用于疑问句中，主要用来加强疑问的语气，表示“到底，究竟，难道不”；用于否定句中，not...at all表示“根本不，一点也不”。

What did our professor say at all？教授到底说了些什么？

（2）in the world可以表示“到底，究竟”，通常用于疑问句中。

How could they two break up in the world？他们两个到底是怎么分手的？

（3）on earth表示“到底，究竟”，通常用于疑问句中。

How on earth did she persuade you to work in her company?

她到底是怎么说服你到她的公司上班的？

真题5（2013年12月卷二）

Directions:

for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture. You should start your essay with a brief account of the impact of the internet on learning and then explain why education doesn't simply mean learning to obtain information. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

指南：文章的开头，你应概述互联网对学习的影响，并解释为什么教育不仅仅意味着获取信息。文章字数至少120词，但不得超过180词。

范文

In the picture, a pupil who is holding a smart-phone asks his teacher confusingly whether he will need any other education if he masters1 how to use Google. It reveals a common trend that people get education on the Internet nowadays.

However, it is not the only function2 of education to simply obtain information even though the Internet has an important influence on learning. There are two reasons given as follows. First of all, besides obtaining information, there are many other purposes of education such as developing students' learning ability. Students' skills of acquiring messages being over emphasized3, they will not get the integrated4 development. Secondly, it isn't very helpful for students to obtain information through the Internet because not the passive5 acceptance6 but the creative thinking is crucial7 to education.

In conclusion, the young people should be aware that obtaining knowledge only by the Internet is not enough for education. Only by grasping independent thinking and innovation abilities can education be completely fulfilled in practice.

译文

在上图中，一名小学生手里拿着智能手机，困惑地问老师，如果掌握了使用谷歌的技巧，是不是就不需要接受其他的教育了。这幅图揭示了当前人们通过互联网来获得教育的一个常见趋势。

然而，虽然互联网对学习有着重要的影响，仅仅是获得信息并不是教育的唯一功能。有如下两个原因。首先，除了获取信息之外，教育还有很多其他的目的，比如说培养学生的学习能力。如果过于重视学生获取信息的能力，他们就不会得到全面的发展。其次，对学生来说通过互联网获取信息并没有太大的帮助，因为对教育而言，最重要的是创造性思维，而不是被动接受。

总而言之，年轻人应该明白，对教育而言，只是通过互联网来获取信息是不够的。只有掌握了独立思考与创新的技能才能在实践中完全实现教育的意义。

万能句型

1．...a pupil who is holding a smart-phone asks his teacher confusingly whether he will need any other education if he masters how to use google.（该句子的主句中包含一个由关系词who引导的定语从句，从句是由whether引导的宾语从句，表示“是否……”，其中又包含一个由if引导的条件状语从句。）

whether和if在一般情况下可以互换，但是有些情况则需要区分：

（1）whether引导的宾语从句可以和or not连用，而if通常不能。

Just tell me whether you will quit the job or not．你只要告诉我你会不会辞职就可以了。

（2）若宾语从句位于句首时，只能用whether不能用if。

Whether he will attend the meeting, I don't know．他是否会参加会议我不知道。

（3）whether可以引导不定式，而if不能。

I'm not sure whether to marry him．我不确定是否要嫁给他。

（4）whether引导的宾语从句可以位于介词之后，而if不能。

It depends on whether it is good weather tomorrow．这取决于明天是不是好天气。

2．...besides obtaining information, there are many other purposes of education such as developing students' learning ability.（该句中besides引导的介词短语作插入语，后面则用there be句型来表示客观存在。）

表示“除了”的单词有besides, except, except for。这三种表达的区别如下：

（1）except和besides的区别：except加宾语作介词“除……之外”时常表示从整体中剔除一部分；而besides作“除……之外”时则表示“另外附加的”。

He did nothing except did his homework yesterday.

他昨天除了做作业之外什么都没做。

We need 4 people to finish the cleaning besides us two.

除了我们俩我们还需要四个人来完成清扫工作。

（2）except和except for的区别：except后排除的内容与主语往往是同一类的，而except for后所排除的内容与主语往往不是同一类的。

All the buildings are excellent except that one.

所有的大楼都很棒，除了那一栋。

All the buildings are excellent except for their location.

除了位置不好，这些大楼都很棒。

3．students' skills of acquiring messages being over emphasized, they will not get the integrated development.（该句前半部分是“名词+过去分词”组成的独立主格结构，相当于一个状况从句，表示条件、时间。原因或伴随状况等）

独立主格结构的基本构成主要有：

（1）名词/代词+现在分词（表示条件）

Time permitting, I will go to visit the Great Wall with you.

时间允许的话，我会跟你一起去参观长城。

（2）名词/代词+过去分词（表示时间成）

Tasks finished, she stayed at home and watched a movie.

任务完成了，她待在家里看了场电影。

（3）名词/代词+不定式（表示原因）

Many housework to be done, she immediately went home after work.

有许多家务要做，她下班后就立刻回家了。