Chapter 2 文字型作文

真题解读

真题1（2017年6月卷一）

Directions:

for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an advertisement on your campus website to sell a bicycle you used at college. Your advertisement may include its brand, specifications/features, condition and price, and your contact information. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

指南：该部分要求在30分钟内写一篇出售二手自行车的广告，内容包括自行车的详细信息和自己的联系方式。文章字数介于120词到180词之间。

范文

secondhand1 bicycle is for sale right now. It is of excellent quality and reasonable2 price. If you are interested in it, just come and take a look at it.

This Nicolai bicycle is a German brand which enjoys a high reputation3 in the world market. They are especially popular and famous among young people. The wheel diameter is 26 inches long. It has a black and white color and is sold in almost every big shopping mall or bicycle specialty store. It first entered the market in the spring of last year. It is fast and in perfect condition. The frame of the bicycle is made from aluminum, making it strong enough for you to ride at least ten more years. It cost me 2000 yuan half a year ago. However, I can give you a fifty percent discount4 if you buy it right now.

If you are interested in it or intend to5 know more details, please don't hesitate6 to contact me, and I can be reached at 89757. I'm looking forward to your phone calls.

译文

现出售二手自行车。自行车物美价廉，若有兴趣，欢迎前来购买。

出售的自行车为德国尼古拉品牌，在国际市场享有极高的声誉。尤其在年轻人中大受欢迎。该品牌自行车车轮直径26英寸，颜色黑白相间，在各大商品市场和自行车专卖店均有出售。单车与去年春季首次入市。车速度快且目前状况良好。车身材料为铝，能让您至少再使用个十年。本人于半年前花2000云购买该品牌单车。但您若现在购买，我可以提供半价优惠。

任何感兴趣或想进一步了解具体情况的同学，欢迎随时向我咨询。我的电话是89757。静候佳音。

万能句型

1．secondhand bicycle is for sale right now.（该句位于文章的开头，简明扼要地说明广告的目的。）

类似的用法还有：

I have three used course books about English learning to sell at a fairly low price.

我有三本关于英语学习的旧教材低价出售。

I am going to sell my personal computer at a low price.

我打算低价出售个人电脑。

A used Canyon bike is (available) on sale!

二手单车低价转让。

2．this nicolai bicycle is a german brand which enjoys a high reputation in the world market. (该句是个复合句，主句为主系表结构，表语后面跟一个which引导的定语从句。)

类似的用法还有：

It is well maintained and in good condition which is perfect for any standard of riders.

它保养很好，车况优良，无论哪类骑手都能满意。

These books could be beneficial to anyone who decides to buy them.

这些书籍对任何一位决定购买的同学都将大有裨益。

3．if you are interested in it or intend to know more details, please don't hesitate to contact me, and i can be reached at 89757. (这是一个并列句，由三个分句组成。第一个是if引导的条件状语从句，第二个是祈使句，第三个是被动语态结构。)

类似的用法还有：

If you are interested in my books or have any further questions, please feel free to contact me. I can be reached at phone 87654321.

如果你对我的书籍感兴趣或是想进一步了解详情，请随时联系我。我电话是87654321.

Please feel free to contact me if you are interested in this bike. I can be reached at phone 87654321 or by my e-mail 123@abc.com.

如果你对这辆车感兴趣，请随时联系我。我的电话是87654321，邮箱是123@abc.com.

真题2（2014年12月卷三）

Directions:

for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay about a campus activity that has benefited you most. You should state the reasons and write at least 120 words but mo more than 180 words.

指南：该部分要求在30分钟内介绍让自己“收获最大的校园活动”，并阐述原因。文章字数介于120词至180词之间。

范文

College students are familiar with numerous1 campus activities, such as English speech contests, singing competitions2 and so forth. I have participated3 in many campus activities, but when it comes to the one that has benefited me most, I can't help remembering the debate competition last year.

The competition was launched between different majors, talking about which is more important—theoretical4 knowledge or practices. For me, what mattered most is not the result of the debate, but the preparation process5. We look for information not only in the library, but also on the computer. Besides gathering information, we also practiced the debating skills. We work as a team, realizing that no individual could accomplish6 the challenging task all by himself. I believe it is more precious7 than winning or losing the competition.

Therefore, I confirm8 that the debate competition is the campus activity that I benefit most from. If I had not got involved in it, I could not have realized the importance of team spirit and cooperation.

译文

大学生对学校里丰富多彩的活动都十分熟悉，比如：英语演讲比赛、歌手大赛等等。我参加过很多次校园活动，但说到收获最大的一次，我便情不自禁地想到了去年的辩论赛。

这是一场在不同专业之间发起的比赛，辩论内容是理论知识与实战经验孰轻孰重。对我来说，最重要的不是结果，而是辩论赛的准备过程。我们不仅在图书馆查找资料，还在网上搜集信息。在搜集材料的同时，还会不断练习辩论技巧。我们小组人员相互合作，大家都意识到，没有人可以单独完成这项挑战。

因此，我确信，辩论赛是让我收获最大的一次校园活动。如果没有参加那次活动，我就不会意识到团队精神和相互合作的重要性。

万能句型

1．i have participated in many campus activities, but when it comes to the one that has benefited me most, i can't help remembering the debate competition last year.（此句位于第一段，用于引出文章的介绍对象，不仅运用了灵活多变的插入语when it comes to...，还使用了can't help doing sth这一固定搭配，由此可以显示出扎实的语法基础，同时为文章增添亮点。）

句中灵活多变的表达方式还有：

主动与被动——We must take some effective measures to stop pollution.

Some effective measures must be taken to stop pollution.

我们必须采取有效措施来治理污染。

普通与强调——We put off the football match because of the bad weather.

It was because of the bad weather that we put off the football match.

由于天气恶劣，我们推迟了足球比赛。

2．the competition was launched between different majors, talking about which is more important—theoretical knowledge or practices.（此句中talking about引导的句子作伴随状语，其中还含有一个which引导的宾语从句，同时破折号后的句子用于做进一步解释说明，使得句子整体很有逻辑性，属于高难句型，十分考验英语功底，因此更容易得高分。）

常见的高分句型还有：

强调句——It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.

昨天晚上在实验室做实验的是我的父亲。

虚拟语气——If I were you, I would work harder in my lessons.

如果我是你，我就会更加努力学习。

倒装句——Only in this way can we finish the work.

只有这样，我们才能完成工作。

3．if i had not got involved in it, i could not have realized the importance of team spirit and cooperation.（此句采用了虚拟语气为文章增色不少。）

虚拟语气的用法：

虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望、假想、怀疑、猜测、建议等含义，但不表示客观存在的事实；所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，可能与事实相反。这里主要介绍虚拟语气在if引导的条件句中的三种情况：

（1）表示与现在事实相反的情况

从句：If+主语+过去式（be动词用were）

主句：主语+should/would/might/could+do

例句：If I were you, I would take an umbrella.

译文：如果我是你，我就会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）

（2）表示与过去事实相反的情况

从句：If+主语+had+done

主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have done

例句：If I had got there earlier, I should / would have met her.

译文：如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）

（3）表示对将来情况的主观推测

从句：① if+主语+were to do

② if+主语+should+do

③ if+主语+过去式（be动词用were）

主句：主语+should / would / might / could + do

例句：① If he were to come here tomorrow, I would talk to him.

② If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him.

③ If he were to be here tomorrow, I would talk to him.

译文：如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小，不可能）

真题3（2015年12月卷一）

Directions:

for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying "Learning is a daily experience and a lifelong mission." You can cite examples to illustrate the importance of lifelong learning. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

指南：该部分要求在30分钟内评价“活到老，学到老”这一谚语，并举例说明终身学习的重要性。文章字数介于120词至180词之间。

范文

We all know that learning in the society with information explosion1 seems to become more convenient than before. As the saying goes, "Learning is a daily2 experience and a lifetime3 mission." We can see that only if we devote our life to learning can we learn more useful skills.

There are some reasons to support this opinion. First of all, we should invest4 a large amount of time5 even our whole life in learning because of the complexity6 of learning. Secondly, what we learned before is easily forgotten. Consequently, we are supposed to learn in our whole life. For instance, it's very necessary for us to memorize7 vocabulary before we take an English exam. Unless you have an unusual talent, it will be nearly impossible for you to remember all the words within a short time. As a result, you could spend ten minutes keeping a number of words in your mind every day.

In a word, you couldn't understand what learning is about until you realize the significance8 of lifetime learning.

译文

我们都知道，在这个信息爆炸的社会，学习似乎变得比之前更加方便快捷。然而有句古话说：“活到老，学到老”。由此我们可以看出，要想学到更多有用的技能，我们还要用一生的时间来学习。

有几点原因来支持这个观点。首先，由于学习本身比较复杂，因此我们应该投入大量的时间乃至我们的一生来学习。其次，我们学到的东西很快就会忘记，因此，我们应该学会终身学习。举个例子，英语测试前必须记英语词汇。除非你有某项特殊的天分，不然不可能在短时间内记忆所有单词。所以，每天花上十分钟时间来记一些单词。

总而言之，直到你意识到终身学习的重要性时，你才能理解学习的真谛。

万能句型

1．We can see that only if we devote our life to learning can we learn more useful skills.（此句是由that引导的宾语从句，从句中又包含一个条件状语从句，由于为了体现强调的效果把only置于句首，后面用了部分倒装结构can we learn）。

部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分（如助动词、情态动词）置于主语之前，主要用于以下几种情况：

① no、not、few、little、never、barely、hardly、rarely、seldom等否定词置于句首，通常要引起部分倒装。

Never has she heard such remarks．她从未听到过这样的评语。

② 副词only位于句首，修饰状语、宾语时，通常要引起部分倒装。

Only until then did he realize his mistake．只有到了那时候，他才意识到自己的过错。

③ nowhere（无处）, no longer（不再）, no more（也不）等位于句首时，通常要引起部分倒装。

No longer does he live here．他已经不住在这里了。

2．Unless you have an unusual talent, it will be nearly impossible for you to remember all the words within a short time.（此句是unless引导的条件状语从句，时态遵循“主将从现”的原则，是一个拿分句型。）

遵循“主将从现”原则的句子还有：

if引导的条件状语从句——If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go climbing together.

如果明天不下雨，我们就一起去爬山。

as soon as引导的时间状语从句——I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back.

他一回来我就告诉他这个消息。

when引导的时间状语从句——When he is present at the meeting, I'll call you.

他出席会议的时候我会给你打电话的。

3．in a word, you couldn't understand what learning is about until you realize the significance of lifetime learning.（该句用in a word总结全篇，然后用了not...until的基本句型来强调“终身学习的重要性”。）

可以表达强调意味的句型还有：

强调句——It is on Sunday that he met his primary school teacher.

在周日那天，他碰见了他的小学老师。（强调时间状语on Sunday）

助动词表强调——She did catch a cold but recovered from it soon.

她确实感冒了，不过很快就好了。（助动词did表强调）

用介词短语表示强调——What on earth did he do wrong?

他到底做错了什么？（on earth表强调）

真题4（2015年12月卷二）

Directions:

for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying"never go out there to see what happens, go out there to make something happen."You can cite examples to illustrate the importance of being creative rather than the mere onlookers in life. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

指南：该部分要求在30分钟内评论古语“与其临渊羡鱼，不如退而结网”，你可以举例说明在生活中做个创客远比做个看客重要的多。文章字数介于120词至180词之间。

范文

There is a famous saying: Never go out there to see what happens, go out there to make something happen. Apparently, to be a maker is far more important than being an onlooker. Most people have accepted the profound1 and thought-provoking truth.

A wealth of examples can be given to support this opinion. Let's take a convincing2 example about Wright brothers. If the brothers had chosen to be onlookers3, they wouldn't have been the people who successfully invented the world's first airplane after a number of failed attempts. similarly4, no matter who you are or what you are engaged in5, there is no doubt that you can't merely wait for achievement of others but go into action if you are unwilling to fall behind the times.

From the mentioned above, it is concluded that innovation6 is so essential7 that only in this way can we always exceed any other competitive rivals8.

译文

有一句著名的谚语：出去永远不要只看发生了什么，而要做点什么。很显然，做一个创造者远比做一个旁观者更重要。这句谚语意义深远，发人深省，为大多数人所认可。

很多例子都可以证明以上观点。我们就举莱特兄弟这个令人信服的例子来说明吧。如果当时莱特兄弟选择做看客，他们也就不会在经过许多次失败的尝试后，成功发明出世界上第一架飞机了。同样地，不管你是谁，也不管你从事什么职业，毫无疑问地，如果你不愿意被时代淘汰，就必须行动起来，而不仅仅是等着享受别人的成果。

从上述观点可以得出一个结论，创新是最基本的，只有通过创新我们才能战胜其他所有竞争对手。

万能句型

1．if the brothers had chosen to be onlookers, they wouldn't have been the people who successfully invented the world's first airplane after a number of failed attempts.（该句采用了虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反的情况。）

常见的虚拟语气的三种基本结构：

（1）由if only引导（be动词的过去式常用were）

If only I could go with her．如果我能跟她去就好了。

（2）由wish引导

She wished she had not bought so many luxury bags．她真希望没买过那么多奢侈的包。

（3）由if引导

If I had enough time, I should accomplish it better．如果我有足够的时间，我会完成得更好。

If she had tried harder, she should / would have got the chance to enter the final.

如果她再努力一些，她可能有机会进入决赛。

2．...no matter who you are or what you are engaged in, there is no doubt that you can't merely wait for achievement of others but go into action if you are unwilling to fall behind the times.（该复合句中，no matter引导的是让步状语从句。）

以下连词都可以引导让步状语从句，注意其不同的用法：

（1）although, though引导让步状语从句，不能和but连用，但可以和yet, still连用。

Although / Though he got a cold, he（still）kept on studying.

虽然他感冒了，他仍然坚持学习。

（2）as引导让步状语从句，从句要倒装，表语或状语要放在as前。

Heavily as it was raining outside, she went out to find her lost watch.

尽管外面下着倾盆大雨，她还是出去找丢失的表了。

（3）even if, even though引导让步状语从句，两者可以互换。

Even if / though you just looked at a soldier the wrong way, you would be killed.

即使你只是用了错误的方式看一个士兵，你仍然会被杀的。

（4）“no matter + 疑问词”或者“疑问词-ever”引导让步状语从句，两者可以互换。

No matter what / Whatever you say, I will never change my mind.

不管你说什么，我都不会改变主意的。

3．...only in this way can we always exceed among the competitive rivals.（该句only位于句首，句子用部分倒装结构，表示强调。）

以下情况都需要用倒装结构：

（1）as / though引导的让步状语从句，可以用部分倒装。

Good-tempered she is, what he has done made her angry.

尽管她脾气好，他的所作所为仍然让她生气。

（2）as引导方式状语从句时，如果主语比谓语长，谓语动词可以位于主语前，形成全部倒装。

I wish, as do all of you, that we can get a good mark.

我和你们都希望我们可以拿到一个好成绩。

（3）so引导的形容词或副词位于句首时，句子要部分倒装。

So hot it was that we preferred to stay at home．天气太热了，我们宁愿呆在家。

（4）当表示前面所述的某一肯定情况同样适用于后者时，通常用部分倒装结构：So+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语。

Ted likes dancing. So does his wife．特德喜欢跳舞，他妻子也是。

真题5（2015年12月卷三）

Directions:

for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying "Listening is more important than talking." You can cite examples to illustrate the importance of listening. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

指南：该部分要求在30分钟内评论“倾听比说重要”，你可以举例说明倾听的重要性。文章字数介于120词至180词之间。

范文

We are endowed with1 two kinds of most powerful capacities2 of talking and listening by the Creator. Compared to the former, it is not an overstatement3 that listening is more important than talking.

There are numerous examples. For instance, when we talk with our family, if we concentrate on4 speaking without listening we might ignore and even hurt their feelings. We will never understand what people say and obstacles5 would exist in our communication. As time goes by, we might be alienated6 from our family. Put another way, we can not only open our mind but also profit7 from others' experience by listening. After all, it is inadvisable8 to give our views about the topics that we know a little about.

Someone likens talking to a window through which we show people what we are thinking, while listening is likened9 to a door through which we can receive information from others. A house without a door is unimaginable. Therefore, my conclusion is that spending more time in listening instead of speaking is of great significance in our life.

译文

造物主赋予我们两种超强的能力，那就是听和说。两者相比较，“听比说更重要”这种说法并无夸张。

有很多例子。比如，我们和家人说话的时候，如果我们不听别人的，一味地说自己的，就会忽视甚至伤害别人的感受。我们永远无法理解别人的意思，交流也会存在障碍。久而久之，我们和家人也会疏远。换个角度来讲，通过倾听我们不仅可以开阔思路，也可以从别人的经验中受益。毕竟，谈论我们不熟悉的话题时贸然开口总是不明智的。

有人把“说”比喻成一扇窗，通过这扇窗我们可以向别人展示我们所想，把“倾听”比喻成一扇门，通过这扇门我们可以接受来自他人的信息。房子里没有门是不可思议的。因此，我的结论是，生活中多花时间去倾听，而不是诉说，这有着非常重要的意义。

万能句型

1．compared to the former, it is not an overstatement that listening is more important than talking.（Compared to the former是过去分词短语作插入语，后面的it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的名词性从句。）

常见的插入语形式如下：

（1）形容词短语作插入语时，通常位于句首。

Sure enough, she went to Australia on her own．果然，她一个人去了澳大利亚。

（2）副词或副词短语作插入语可以位于句首或句末，也可位于句中。

Luckily, she caught the first bus．幸运的是，她赶上了首班公交车。

（3）介词短语作插入语，可以位于句首或句中。

By the way, remember to take an umbrella before you go to school.

顺便说一声，去上学前别忘了拿把伞。

（4）代词短语作插入语

All in all, we have achieved some results this month.

总的来说，我们这个月也取得了一些成绩。

（5）不定式短语作插入语

To tell the truth, I have already met your teacher．说实话，我已经见过你的老师了。

2．Put another way, we can not only open our mind but also profit from others' experience by listening.（该句用了put another way“换种方式”作插入语，表示承上启下。）

类似的连接词还有：

in other words...（换句话说……）in a word...（总而言之……）

on the contrary...（相反地……）

3．someone likens talking to a window through which we show people what we are thinking, while listening is likened to a door through which we can receive information from others.（该句是while引导的状语从句，表对比，其中主句和从句中又各包含一个由介词+关系代词，即through + which引导的定语从句。）

（1）介词与定语从句的先行词是习惯搭配：

Is that the magazine for which you often write articles?（write articles for the magazine）

那是你经常写文章投稿的那本杂志吗？

（2）介词与定语从句中的动词是习惯搭配：

Who is the man with whom your boss is shaking hands?（shake hands with sb）

你的老板正在与他握手的那个人是谁？

（3）介词与定语从句中的形容词是习惯搭配：

It is unnecessary to explain to me how to use the machines about which I am sure.（be sure about）

这些机器的用法我很有把握，不需要再给我解释了。

（4）根据定语从句的意义来确定介词：

This is her pair of glasses, without which she cannot see clearly.（without which）

这副眼镜是她的，没有眼镜她看不清楚。

（5）表示“所有格”或“整体与部分关系”时，用介词of：

I have many friends, of whom some are writers.

我有很多朋友，其中有些是作家。