![图说食用菌高效栽培(全彩版)](https://wfqqreader-1252317822.image.myqcloud.com/cover/759/26688759/b_26688759.jpg)
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第一章 食用菌概述
第一节 食用菌主要类别
一、食用菌的分类地位
从分类地位上来讲,食用菌类均属于生物中的真菌界、真菌门中的担子菌亚门和子囊菌亚门(图1-1),其中约95%的食用菌为担子菌亚门。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/D3A562/15169318104257306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/10_01.jpg?sign=1738960445-yUfXG8MmDkAWTgOcFDB0gm5WbHqG43eb-0-c70115131885ea2aaa56e60ae4d27149)
图1-1 食用菌在生物中的分类地位
二、担子菌亚门中的食用菌代表
目前,绝大多数常见的和广泛栽培的食用菌均属于担子菌亚门,在生产上它们大致可分为四大类群,即耳类、非褶菌类、伞菌类和腹菌类(图1-2)。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/D3A562/15169318104257306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/10_02.jpg?sign=1738960445-kj3n0aRJug8rJW7jZTi0pGD8GfpQYz0Z-0-03fd5d1861a1913e366e98f45581b347)
图1-2 担子菌亚门中的食用菌
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/D3A562/15169318104257306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/11_01.jpg?sign=1738960445-yXhehKKtqRanlsCTpvm4ttBOE68Fs2nF-0-ecfe2f67b11bc44c6332f6079ef2fd6e)
图1-3 黑木耳
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/D3A562/15169318104257306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/11_02.jpg?sign=1738960445-ZYYHqLpe1dAKGJjCszuPhVwSIlDQjrvo-0-174dc9d81dbf177ba94cc53f3c86871d)
图1-4 银耳
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/D3A562/15169318104257306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/11_03.jpg?sign=1738960445-2xEuFzHS21crzqYasrHB5AmR0JYze6Nu-0-6585e1c7a2f4e672244d2160f130dd76)
图1-5 猴头菇
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/D3A562/15169318104257306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/11_04.jpg?sign=1738960445-O78G5r9iCNDBpN9KjM8tQzxbb1EWLmU2-0-6d57b69340c1d9493cc3738306245268)
图1-6 灵芝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/D3A562/15169318104257306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/11_05.jpg?sign=1738960445-P5LdJBsq1dfhcQRDF93eEJXUbgWY7Pib-0-f31c1cb4a411dbb905e19ef8aa57c4c9)
图1-7 卵孢小奥德蘑(商品名:黑皮鸡枞)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/D3A562/15169318104257306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/11_06.jpg?sign=1738960445-OaQPJzsNZbI8xaJlSHh9vmSBZOAfTTv7-0-21b485887738a9b7b78ee6e5bc0abcbf)
图1-8 榆黄菇(平菇类)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/D3A562/15169318104257306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/12_01.jpg?sign=1738960445-xQNb1RV7y2tr6VBMUEKb6YEoL3EVjy2x-0-25c4d67243fbcf2ea4e5f074c626b904)
图1-9 香菇
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/D3A562/15169318104257306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/12_02.jpg?sign=1738960445-YTUn6EaAeKYsFGKDiBUyd9XQaP3A3h6I-0-3db8c54f5d5319b4d284eb81037a2faa)
图1-10 竹荪
三、子囊菌亚门中的食用菌代表
子囊菌亚门中常见的食用菌多属于盘菌目和肉座菌目(图1-11),且具有种类少、价值高的特点,多数为野生菌。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/D3A562/15169318104257306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/12_03.jpg?sign=1738960445-ZFZsM841B5agUOUVpGgsaIqY8L0B0kl0-0-5594faa173f71412df3ef722258de6c0)
图1-11 子囊菌亚门中的食用菌
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/D3A562/15169318104257306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/12_04.jpg?sign=1738960445-y4jHpAfQopeEODvYT8zjUvFWpXyh3aJH-0-7acee7955c12f64df69f04b4f14c3604)
图1-12 羊肚菌
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/D3A562/15169318104257306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/12_05.jpg?sign=1738960445-FAou0YHLUfzJyIK8fs7uvkkfQKxMy7lc-0-80b65073339d2f868a1e8392f74717fd)
图1-13 黑松露(猪拱菌)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/D3A562/15169318104257306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/13_01.jpg?sign=1738960445-szUA1Sf6oydUq73dNyJepVDH20GNVY78-0-4dfdc04b7c1873a7dea64f752221c370)
图1-14 蛹虫草
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/D3A562/15169318104257306/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/13_02.jpg?sign=1738960445-J936k0GbD531rK3lMTd2CHRJIfuMxVnn-0-a26bb033651023866bc3f2f502b1154d)
图1-15 冬虫夏草