博士研究生入学考试英语模拟试卷一

Section Ⅰ Vocabulary

Directions:

There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.

1.Japan is a______society of one nationality and a few underrepresented minority groups,such as the ethnic Chinese and Koreans.

A.spontaneous

B.simultaneous

C.homogenous

D.instantaneous

2.Those persons whose religious______heavily relied on rituals,such as infant baptism,were more likely to support the Democrats.

A.confession

B.condemnation

C.establishment

D.acknowledgement

3.The number of stay-at-home fathers reached a record high last year, new figures show, as families saw a______in female breadwinners.

A. raise

B. rise

C. arise

D. increase

4.The market for dust masks and air purifiers is______in Beijing because the capital has been shrouded for several days in thick fog and haze.

A. booming

B. looming

C. dooming

D. zooming

5.Traditional fairytales are being ditched by parents because they are too______for their young children, a study found.

A. scarce

B. scary

C. scared

D. scarred

6.It has been revealed that nearly one in five degree courses has been______since the tripling of tuition fees to ￡9000 a year.

A. scratched

B. scraped

C. scrabbled

D. scrapped

7.Microsoft founder Bill Gates has______about being a parent, stating that 13 is an appropriate age for a child's first cell phone.

A. opened up

B. taken up

C. put up

D. held up

8.Sales of mushrooms have hit an all-time high as Britons increasingly turn to the cheap and______foodstuff for their cooking.

A. versatile

B. multiple

C. manifold

D. diverse

9.“Gangnam Style”, the______popular song from South Korean recording artist PSY has just become the most watched video on YouTube ever.

A. sanely

B. insanely

C. rationally

D. insatiably

10.The______British theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking once said in an interview that heaven is a fairy story for people afraid of the dark.

A. imposing

B. lofty

C. prominent

D. eminent

11.The stream overflowed and the flood______all of the farmland in the area.

A.submerged

B.sank

C.soaked

D.stripped

12.Powell calls for drawdown from Iraq by mid-2007.His comments break his long public silence on the issue and place him______with the administration.

A.at will

B.at ease

C.at times

D.at odds

13.We cannot be______the choices that our children are going to make,even though we have contributed to those choices.

A.subject to

B.susceptible to

C.accountable for

D.crazy about

14.It's easier to dismiss reports of low employee morale than face the facts and act______.

A.consequently

B.accordingly

C.successfully

D.excessively

15.She took a(n)______to the house as soon as she saw it.

A.preference

B.affection

C.attention

D.fancy

16.He always included something above the understanding of his hearers in order to prevent them from becoming______and to stimulate their desire to learn more.

A.pessimistic

B.complacent

C.perplexed

D.complicated

17.The students on the school bus were______for half an hour in the traffic so all of them were late for class that morning.

A.held up

B.kept off

C.taken back

D.put off

18.This special committee was established for well-integrated members of the society and not for______individuals.

A.marginal

B.minor

C.eccentric

D.distinctive

19.In the past,competition for jobs caused different______groups to be hostile toward each other.

A.sexist

B.ethnic

C.gracious

D.classic

20.The old musician decided to move to her country home______her advanced age and poor health.

A.with regard to

B.by virtue of

C.on account of

D.at the verge of

Section Ⅱ Cloze

Directions:

There are 15 blanks in the following passage.For each blank,there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.You should choose the one that best fits in the passage and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET 1 with a single line through the center.

During recent years we have heard much about “race”: how this race does certain things and that race believes certain things and so on.Yet,the 21 phenomenon of race consists of a few surface indications.

We judge race usually 22 the coloring of the skin: a white race,a brown race,a yellow race and a black race.But 23 you were to remove the skin you could not 24 anything about the race to which the individual belonged.There is 25 in physical structure,the brain or the internal organs to 26 a difference.

There are four types of blood. 27 types are found in every race,and no type is distinct to any race.Human brains are the 28 .No scientists could examine a brain and tell you the race to which the individual belonged.Brains will 29 in size,but this occurs within every race. 30 does size have anything to do with intelligence.The largest brain 31 examined belonged to a person of weak 32 .On the other hand,some of our most distinguished people have had 33 brains.

Mental tests which are reasonably 34 show no differences in intelligence between races.High and low test results both can be recorded by different members of any race. 35 equal educational advantages,there will be no difference in average standings,either on account of race or geographical location.

21.A.complete　B.full　C.total　D.whole

22.A.in　B.from　C.at　D.on

23.A.since　B.if　C.as　D.while

24.A.speak　B.talk　C.tell　D.mention

25.A.something　B.everything　C.nothing　D.anything

26.A.display　B.indicate　C.demonstrate　D.appear

27.A.All　B.Most　C.No　D.Some

28.A.same　B.identical　C.similar　D.alike

29.A.remain　B.increase　C.decrease　D.vary

30.A.Only　B.Or　C.Nor　D.So

31.A.ever　B.then　C.never　D.once

32.A.health　B.body　C.mind　D.thought

33.A.big　B.small　C.minor　D.major

34.A.true　B.exact　C.certain　D.accurate

35.A.Provided　B.Concerning　C.Given　D.Following

Section Ⅲ Reading Comprehension

Directions:

Read the following four passages.Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.

1

King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings don't abdicate, they dare in their sleep.” But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down.So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle?

The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy.When public opinion is particularly polarized, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above “mere” politics and “embody” a spirit of national unity.

It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs' continuing popularity polarized.And also, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms(not counting Vatican City and Andorra).But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.

Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside.Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today—embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities.At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.

The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways.Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses(or helicopters).Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.

While Europe's monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.

It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy's reputation with her rather ordinary(if well-heeled)granny style.The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world.He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service—as non-controversial and non-political heads of state.Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchy's worst enemies.

36.According to the first two paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain______.

A.used to enjoy high public support

B.was unpopular among European royals

C.cased his relationship with his rivals

D.ended his reign in embarrassment

37.Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly______.

A.owing to their undoubted and respectable status

B.to achieve a balance between tradition and reality

C.to give voter more public figures to look up to

D.due to their everlasting political embodiment

38.Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?

A.Aristocrats' excessive reliance on inherited wealth.

B.The role of the nobility in modern democracies.

C.The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families.

D.The nobility's adherence to their privileges.

39.The British royals “have most to fear” because Charles______.

A.takes a rough line on political issues

B.fails to change his lifestyle as advised

C.takes republicans as his potential allies

D.fails to adapt himself to his future role

40.Which of the following is the best title of the text?

A.Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined

B.Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne

C.Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs

D.Charles, Slow to React to the Coming Threats

2

Today's college students are more narcissistic（自恋的）and self-centered than their predecessors,according to a comprehensive new study by five psychologists who worry that the trend could be harmful to personal relationships and American society.

“We need to stop endlessly repeating‘You're special’and having children repeat that back,”said the study's lead author,Professor Jean Twenge of San Diego State University.“Kids are self-centered enough already.”“Unfortunately,narcissism can also have very negative consequences for society,including the breakdown of close relationships with others,”he said.The study asserts that narcissists“are more likely to have romantic relationships that are short-lived,at risk for infidelity,lack emotional warmth,and to exhibit game-playing,dishonesty,and over-controlling and violent behaviors.”Twenge,the author of Generation Me：Why Today's Young Americans Are More Confident,Assertive,Entitled—and More Miserable Than Ever Before,said narcissists tend to lack empathy,react aggressively to criticism and favor self-promotion over helping others.

Some analysts have commended today's young people for increased commitment to volunteer work.But Twenge viewed even this phenomenon skeptically,noting that many high schools require community service and many youths feel pressure to list such endeavors on college applications.

Campbell said the narcissism upsurge seemed so pronounced（非常明显的）that he was unsure if there were obvious remedies.“Permissiveness seems to be a component,”he said.“A potential antidote would be more authoritative parenting.Less indulgence might be called for.”

Yet students,while acknowledging some legitimacy to such findings,don't necessarily accept negative generalizations about their generation.

Hanady Kader,a University of Washington senior,said she worked unpaid last summer helping resettle refugees and considers many of her peers to be civic-minded.But she is dismayed（气馁，灰心）by the competitiveness of some students who seem prematurely focused on career status.“We're encouraged a lot to be individuals and go out there and do what you want,and nobody should stand in your way,”Kader said.“I can see goals and ambitions getting in the way of other things like relationships.”

Kari Dalane,a University of Vermont sophomore,says most of her contemporaries are politically active and not overly self-centered.“People are worried about themselves—but in the sense of where they're going to find a place in the world,”she said.“People want to look their best,have a good time,but it doesn't mean they're not concerned about the rest of the world.”

Besides,some of the responses on the narcissism test might not be worrisome,Dalane said.“It would be more depressing if people answered,‘No,I'm not special.’”

41.According to the passage,a narcissistic person may______.

A.hate criticism

B.be dishonest to his/her partner

C.be unwilling to help others

D.all the above

42.The italicized word“commended”（Line 1,Para.3）means______.

A.praised

B.criticized

C.recommended

D.disfavored

43.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A.Narcissism may result in bad consequences.

B.College students are active to participate in volunteer work.

C.Some people doubt whether there are remedies to counter the narcissism upsurge.

D.Some college students are overly engaged in self-promotion.

44.It is implied that______.

A.both the researchers and college students are worried about the trend of narcissism

B.the researchers and college students disagree on the findings of the study

C.the researchers and college students disagree on some of the findings of the study

D.college students are pessimistic about their future

45.It is proper to be______when you hear someone say“I'm special.”

A.objective

B.pessimistic

C.optimistic

D.worried

3

The House is expected to pass a piece of legislation Thursday that seeks to significantly rebalance the playing field for unions and employers and could possibly reverse decades of declining membership among private industries.

The Employee Free Choice Act would allow a union to be recognized after collecting a majority of vote cards,instead of waiting for the National Labor Relations Board to oversee a secret ballot election,which can occur more than 50 days after the card vote is completed.

Representatives of business on Capitol Hill oppose the bill.The National Association of Manufacturers,the National Federation of Independent Business,the U.S.Chamber of Commerce and other business groups oppose the shift away from secret ballots saying the change could threaten the privacy of the workers.“This isn't about preventing increased unionization,it's about protecting rights,”said the National Association of Manufacturer's Jason Straczewski,of his organization's opposition to bill.Straczewski says eliminating the secret-ballot step would open up employees to coercion（强迫，胁迫）from unions.

Samuel of the AFL-CIO contends the real coercion comes from employers.“Workers talking to workers are equals while managers talking to workers aren't,”Samuel said.He cites the 31358 cases of illegal employer discrimination acted on by the National Labor Relations Board in 2005.

Samuel also points out that counter to claims from the business lobby,the secret ballot would not be eliminated.The change would only take the control of the timing of the election out of the hands of the employers.“On the ground,the difference between having this legislation and not would be the difference between night and day,”said Richard Shaw of the Harris County Central Labor Council,who says it would have a tremendous impact on the local level.

The bill has other provisions（规定，条款）as well.The Employee Free Choice Act would also impose binding arbitration（仲裁）when a company and a newly formed union cannot agree on a contract after 3 months.An agreement worked out under binding compulsory arbitration would be in effect for 2 years,a fact that Straczewski calls,“borderline unconstitutional.”“I don't see how it will benefit employees if they're locked into a contract,”said Straczewski.

The bill's proponents point to the trend of recognized unions unable to get contracts from unwilling employers.The Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service,the organization that oversees arbitration,reported that in 2004,45 percent of newly formed unions were denied first contracts by employers.The bill would also strengthen the penalties for companies that illegally coerce or intimidate employees.As it stands,the law on the books hasn't changed substantially since the National Labor Relations Act was made into law in 1935.The NLBR can enforce no other penalty than reinstating wrongfully fired employees or recovering lost wages.

46.Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of the passage?

A.House bill aims to spur labor union growth.

B.House bill aims to counter labor union growth.

C.Employee Free Choice Act aims to spur employment.

D.Employee Free Choice Act aims to raise employees' income.

47.According to its opponents,the bill______.

A.will protect employees' rights

B.will benefit workers by binding contracts

C.will empower unions too much

D.makes it possible for employees to yield to coercion from unions

48.The word“it”(Line 5,Para.5) refers to______.

A.the change

B.the legislation

C.the AFL-CIO

D.the difference

49.People support the bill because of the following reasons EXCEPT______.

A.the bill will probably enable unions to have fewer members of private industries

B.the bill will allow a union to be recognized earlier and have a great effect on the local level

C.binding arbitration will be imposed to protect employees if a contract can't be agreed on between a recently established union and a company

D.the bill will strengthen the punishment for companies which illegally coerce or threaten employees

50.It is implied that______.

A.fewer private industries joined unions in the past

B.workers' coercion often comes from unions

C.the bill will be a win-and-win one for employees and employers

D.punishment authorized by the bill will be lighter

4

Some African Americans have had a profound impact on American society,changing many people's views on race,history and politics.The following is a sampling of African Americans who have shaped society and the world with their spirit and their ideals.

Muhammad Ali Cassius Marcellus Clay grew up a devout Baptist in Louisville,

Kentucky,learning to fight at age 12 after a police officer suggested he learn to defend himself.Six years later,he was an Olympic boxing champion,going on to win three world heavyweight titles.He became known as much for his swagger（趾高气扬）outside the ring as his movement in it,converting to Islam in 1965,changing his name to Muhammad Ali and refusing to join the U.S.Army on religious grounds.Ali remained popular after his athletic career ended and he developed Parkinson's disease,even lighting the Olympic torch at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics and conveying the peaceful virtues of Islam following the September 11 terrorist attacks.

W.E.B.Du Bois Born William Edward Burghardt Du Bois in 1868,this Massachusetts native was one of the most prominent,prolific intellectuals of his time.An academic,activist and historian,Du Bois co-founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP),edited The Crisis magazine and wrote 17 books,four journals and many other scholarly articles.In perhaps his most famous work,The Souls of Black Folk,published in 1903,he predicted“the problem of 20th century［would be］the problem of the color-line.”

Martin Luther King Jr.The Rev.Martin Luther King Jr.is considered one of the most powerful and popular leaders of the American civil rights movement.He spearheaded（带头，作先锋）a massive,nonviolent initiative of marches,sit-ins,boycotts and demonstrations that profoundly affected Americans' attitudes toward race relations.He was award￣ed the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.

Malcolm X Black leader Malcolm X spoke out about the concepts of race pride and black nationalism in the early 1960s.He denounced the exploitation of black people by whites and developed a large and dedicated following,which continued even after his death in 1965.Interest in the leader surged again after Spike Lee's 1992 movie Malcolm X was released.

Jackie Robinson In 1947,Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier by joining the Brooklyn Dodgers,becoming the first black baseball player in the U.S.major leagues.After retirement from baseball in 1957,he remained active in civil rights and youth activities.In 1962,he became the first African-American to be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame.

51.Which of the following is NOT true about Muhammad Ali？

A.He never served in the army.

B.He learned to fight at an early age.

C.His popularity decreased after his retirement from boxing.

D.He loves peace.

52.The italicized word“prolific”(Line 2,Para.3) is synonymous to______.

A.smart

B.skilled

C.productive

D.pioneering

53.According to the passage,which of the following statements is NOT true?

A.W.E.B.Du Bois was engaged in the cause of promoting the status of colored people.

B.Jackie Robinson was denied by U.S.major baseball leagues throughout his life.

C.Martin Luther King Jr.was highly awarded for his contributions to the civil rights movements.

D.Malcolm X directly or indirectly inspired interest in leadership even after his death.

54.What is common among the celebrities mentioned in the passage?

A.Each achieved enormous success in his/her field and was highly recognized.

B.Each was devoted to his/her cause but didn't win recognition until death.

C.All were active and famous in several fields in their lifetime.

D.All loved peace and remained active in civil rights activities.

55.Which of the following can be the title of the passage?

A.Life of Famous African Americans.

B.Influence of Famous African Americans.

C.Political Pioneers：Icons and Intellectuals.

D.Cultural Pioneers：Icons and Intellectuals.

Section Ⅳ Translation

Directions:

Translate the following into Chinese.And you must write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.

The opening of Disneyland will bring many associated investment opportunities.At least four economic sectors will benefit directly.First,property markets.Housing and commercial real estate prices around the Disneyland area are already rising.Second,the tourism sector.After the opening,analysts expect 3 to 5 million more tourists will visit Shanghai every year,bring more business to hotels,travel agencies and retails.Third,brand marketing will give a boost to toy manufactures,publishers and the gaming industry. Fourth,construction companies and material suppliers will enjoy a huge increase,comparable to the 2010 Shanghai World Expo.Disneyland's first phase of construction is expected to cost 24 billion yuan.

Section Ⅴ Writing

Directions:

Write a short composition of about 250 to 300 words on the topic given below：

Topic：China's Auto Industry