1.20 [20] 景公衣狐白裘不知天寒晏子谏

齐景公身穿名贵狐裘不知道天气寒冷，晏子进谏

【原文】

景公之时，雨雪三日而不霁。公被狐白之裘，坐〔于〕堂侧（陛）〔阶〕。晏子入见，立有间，公曰：“怪哉！雨雪三日而天不寒。”晏子对曰：“天不寒乎？”公笑。晏子曰：“婴闻古之贤君饱而知人之饥，温而知人之寒，逸而知人之劳。今君不知也。”公曰：“善。寡人闻命矣。”乃令出裘发粟〔以〕与饥寒〔者〕。（今）〔令〕所睹于涂者，无问其乡；所睹于里者，无问其家；循国计数，无言其名。士既事者兼月，疾者兼岁。孔子闻之曰：“晏子能明其所欲，景公能行其所善也。”

【今译】

齐景公当政的时候，有一次大雪连续下了三天还不放晴。景公披着白色狐狸皮衣，坐在屋旁的台阶上。晏子进来拜见，站了一会儿，景公说：“奇怪！大雪下了三天天气却不冷。”晏子说：“天气真的不冷吗？”景公笑了笑。晏子说：“我听说古时候的圣君贤主自己吃饱了而能想到别人的饥饿，自己穿暖了而能想到别人的寒冷，自己舒适了而能想到别人的辛劳。现在您想不到啊。”景公说：“好！我听从您的教诲了。”于是命人发放皮衣和粮食给又冷又饿的百姓。又下令只要在路上看到饥寒交迫的百姓，不必问他是哪乡的人；在里中见到饥寒的百姓，不必问他是哪家的人；在国内调查统计饥寒的百姓，不必记录姓名。已有职业的发给两个月的粮食，因病不能劳作的发给两年的粮食。孔子听说这件事后说：“晏子能够讲清楚他想做的事，景公能够实行他认为应该做的好事。”

At the time of Duke Jing,there was a snow fall that lasted three days w ithout stopping. The Duke,w rapped in a robe of white fox fur,sat on stairs at the side of the hall. Yanzi entered for an audience and stood still for a moment.

The Duke said: “How strange that it snows for three days and yet the weather is not cold.”

Yanzi said: “Is the weather really not cold?”

The Duke laughed.

Yanzi said: “I have heard that the worthy rulers in ancient times ate to their fill,yet they knew that the people were hungry; they were warm,yet they knew that the people were cold; they were at ease,yet they knew that the people were toiling. But now you,my Lord,know nothing about that.”

The Duke said: “Well said. I have now heard your instructions.”

Thereupon,he ordered that fur robes be handed out and grain distributed among the hungry and the cold. He issued an order to refrain from questioning people seen on the road about their home districts and from questioning people seen in the villages about their fam ilies. He calculated the census throughout the state w ithout asking for the names of people. Officers already in service received allotted sums for two months,and the sick among them received sums for two years.

When Confucius heard of this,he said: “Yanzi is capable of clarifying his w ishes. Duke Jing is capable of carrying out what he considers good.”